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Biomedical subjects

Masaki Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to Masaki Yoshida.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Preclinical Cushing's syndrome presenting with isolated adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) deficiency-like manifestations and severe hypoalbuminemia without overt adrenal masses in a patient with Chilaiditi syndrome and mental retardation.

A 52-year-old man with Chilaiditi syndrome and mental retardation was admitted to Kanagawa Rehabilitation Hospital for severe hypoglycemic coma with malnutrition. This patient was first diagnosed as partial isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency according to his symptoms and clinical course, but he was finally diagnosed as preclinical Cushing's syndrome. Manifestations of this case seemed unusual in spite of autonomic cortisol secretion and the detailed mechanisms of symptoms were unclear. The present case indicates that preclinical Cushing's syndrome may present with various manifestations, and careful diagnosis is necessary.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

[Evaluation of psychometric properties of Japanese version of international prostate symptom score and BPH impact index].

PURPOSE: To evaluate psychometric properties of the Japanese version of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and BPH Impact Index (BII). METHODS: The translated IPSS and BII questionnaires were administered to 103 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 23 asymptomatic men. In 82 patients the questionnaires were repeated 2 weeks later to examine reproducibility. Further 2 weeks later 21 out of 82 patients responded to the questionnaires asking symptoms during the last week rather than during the last month. To evaluated responsiveness the questionnaires were repeated after treatment in 22 patients. Internal consistency, construct validity and criterion validity were examined by proper statistic methods. RESULTS: Reproducibility was good to excellent with weighted kappa more than 0.62 for all items. It was not significantly affected by age, symptom severity, institution type, or whether the patients were asked symptoms during the last week or during the last month. Internal consistency was also good with Cronbach's alpha more than 0.83. Principle component analysis identified 2 components in IPSS and a single component in BII, with all the items contributing to the first component. Most items had significant correlation with external criteria including maximum flow rate, residual urine volume or prostate volume. The scores of patients were clearly larger than asymptomatic men and obviously reduced after receiving therapies. CONCLUSION: Japanese translations of IPSS and BII were shown to be reliable, valid and one-dimensional instruments in the Japanese patients. They would be equivalent to the original English questionnaires.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Primate neurons show different vulnerability to transient ischemia and response to cathepsin inhibition.

Previously, we reported "calpain-induced leakage of lysosomal enzyme cathepsin" as a mechanism of ischemic neuronal death specific for primates. Cathepsin inhibitors such as CA-074 and E-64c were demonstrated to significantly inhibit hippocampal neuronal death. Pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, and neurons in the caudate nucleus, outer putamen and cortical III, V layers, are known to be vulnerable to ischemia. However, regional differences of the vulnerability and response to neuroprotectants, have not been studied in detail. Here, the monkey brains undergoing transient ischemia were studied to clarify such regional differences by the microscopic counting of surviving neurons. The dead neurons were characterized by eosinophilic coagulation necrosis without apoptotic bodies. The control postischemic brain without treatment showed surviving neurons in caudate nucleus (55.8%), outer putamen (44.4%), cortical III layer (37.8%), CA4 (35.3%), cortical V layer (34.1%), cerebellum (28.2%), CA3 (24.3%), CA2 (16.2%), and CA1 (2.0%). Only the CA1 showed an almost total neuronal loss. In contrast, a single postictal injection of CA-074 or E-64c led to significant inhibition of postischemic neuronal death in all brain regions studied. Overall, more surviving neurons were seen after E-64c treatment than with CA-074: cerebellum, 91.6% vs 85.6%; CA4, 88.6% vs 77.3%; caudate nucleus, 86.1% vs 89.8%; CA2, 83.6% vs 53.0%; outer putamen, 81.3% vs 87.7%; CA1, 80.1% vs 47.4%; CA3, 79.6% vs 60.3%; cortical layer III, 75.5% vs 67.7%; and cortical layer V, 75.0% vs 65.9%, for E-64c and CA-074, respectively. Cathepsin plays a critical role in ischemic neuronal death, and its inhibitors may protect neurons throughout the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Voiding and incontinence frequencies: variability of diary data and required diary length.

Frequencies of voiding and urinary incontinence are commonly measured by a patient's recall or a diary. The recommended diary length varies from 1 to 14 days, with 7 days apparently being most common. To examine the statistical precision of these different modalities, we analyzed recall data and diary data of 74 patients with urinary frequency, incontinence, or both. Recall data on voiding and incontinence frequency were systematically higher and more variable than diary data. Longer diary length provided less variable diary data. The confidence interval of diary data was calculated by applying the normal distribution to daytime voiding frequency and the Poisson distribution to daytime incontinence frequency. For daytime voiding frequency, the 95% confidence interval was estimated to be (x - 2.65, x + 2.65) (x - 1.53, x + 1.53) (x - 1, x + 1), where x is the 1-day, 3-day, and 7-day diary mean, respectively. For daytime incontinence frequency, the confidence interval depended on both the diary length and the diary mean. It was estimated to be (0, 6.39), (1.72, 4.28), (2.36, 3.64), by using a diary mean of 3 or 1-day, 7-day, and 28-day diaries, respectively. Also, it was estimated to be (0, 1.02), (1.72, 4.28), (7.66, 12.34), when the 7-day diary mean was 0.5, 3, and 10, respectively. Studies with different samples of genuine stress incontinence (n = 37) and urge incontinence (n = 25) confirmed these results. In conclusion, we believe the 7-day diary is highly reliable for estimating voiding frequency and is a reasonable option for predicting incontinence episodes. However, the diary length should be extended in a patient with rarer events of incontinence, and it should be shortened for those who are incontinent more often or who are diagnosed with voiding frequency only.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Histamine is involved in ultraviolet B-induced pigmentation of guinea pig skin.

We previously reported that histamine induced melanogenesis in cultured human melanocytes and that the stimulatory effect was mediated by protein kinase A activation via H2 receptors. It is well-known that ultraviolet B irradiation causes acute inflammation, known as erythema, and subsequent pigmentation, and there are several reports demonstrating an elevation of the histamine levels in ultraviolet B-irradiated skin. Thus, to evaluate the involvement of histamine in ultraviolet B-induced skin pigmentation, we examined the effect of an H2 antagonist in brownish guinea pig skin. Daily exposure to 200 mJ per cm2 ultraviolet B for 3 d evoked erythema and subsequent pigmentation in the skin samples tested. Moreover, a remarkable increase in dopa-positive melanocytes was observed in the pigmented area, which showed an increase in melanin synthesis. Topical application of famotidine, an H2 antagonist, significantly reduced pigmentation and moderated the increase of dopa-positive melanocytes in the ultraviolet B-irradiated skin. Even when the initiation of famotidine application was delayed to day 2 after irradiation, an inhibitory activity on ultraviolet B-induced pigmentation was observed; however, the ultraviolet B-induced erythema was not suppressed by topically applied famotidine. Thus, we concluded that histamine is involved in ultraviolet B-induced pigmentation and that famotidine suppressed the pigmentation by the prevention of histamine binding to H2 receptors in melanocytes but not by prevention of ultraviolet B permeability and inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Linguistic validation of Japanese version of International Prostate Symptom Score and BPH impact index].

PURPOSE: To evaluate linguistic validity of the Japanese version of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and BPH Impact Index (BII). METHODS: The translation was performed through multi-step procedure. Forward translation was created through the discussion by 5 urologists, 2 Japanese translators and 1 nurse on independent translations of the discussants and the translation published in the Guideline in Japan. Back translation was made by 2 native speakers of American English, and negotiated with the original developers. A person-to-person in-depth interview was carried out on 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. RESULTS: The developers generally approved our translation, but had 2 major concerns in the Japanese version; 1) "how often" in every sentence of English version was not translated into Japanese, and 2) the Japanese expression in the response choices of QOL index should be more emotional. The former concern was compromised by placing a sentence at the beginning of the questionnaire explaining that the response should be considered in frequency. The latter concern was examined in a pre-test involving additional 88 patients and compromised by making the translation of some response choices more emotional. CONCLUSION: We evaluated linguistic validity of Japanese translations of IPSS and BII, and proposed a valid Japanese version of these questionnaires.

Health Status Indicators↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transcatheter arterial embolization therapy for a hypoplastic pelvic kidney with a single vaginal ectopic ureter to control incontinence: the usefulness of three-dimensional CT angiography using multidetector-row helical CT.

A girl with continuous urinary incontinence was successfully treated by angiographic embolization of a hypoplastic pelvic kidney with a single unilateral vaginal ectopic opening of the ureter. For this intervention, CT angiography was useful for detecting the corresponding renal artery of the hypoplastic kidney.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral tonic pupils associated with neurosyphilis.

BACKGROUND: To describe 4 patients with bilateral tonic pupils in neurosyphilis. CASES: Four young men had pupillary abnormalities, which involved irregular shapes, large sizes, tonic reactions, and vermiform movements of both pupils with light-near dissociation. Cholinergic supersensitivity defined bilateral tonic pupils. OBSERVATIONS: Neurosyphilis was diagnosed in these patients on the basis of ocular and laboratory findings. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral tonic pupils may be important as initial findings in neurosyphilis. We conclude that patients with bilateral tonic pupils should undergo serologic tests for syphilis.

Adult↗