Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Martin J Bastiaans.
On the basis of the modified Iwasawa decomposition of a lossless first-order optical system as a cascade of a lens, a magnifier, and a so-called orthosymplectic system, we show how to synthesize an arbitrary ABCD system (with two transverse coordinates) by means of lenses and predetermined sections of free space such that the lenses are located at fixed positions.
It is shown that a lossless first-order optical system whose real symplectic ray transformation matrix can be diagonalized and has only unimodular eigenvalues is similar to a separable fractional Fourier transformer in the sense that the ray transformation matrices of the unimodular system and the separable fractional Fourier transformer are related by means of a similarity transformation. Moreover, it is shown that the system that performs this similarity transformation is itself a lossless first-order optical system. Based on the fact that Hermite-Gauss functions are the eigenfunctions of a fractional Fourier transformer, the eigenfunctions of a unimodular first-order optical system can be formulated and belong to the recently introduced class of orthonormal Hermite-Gaussian-type modes. Two decompositions of a unimodular first-order optical system are considered, and one of them is used to derive an easy optical realization in more detail.
Starting with the Iwasawa-type decomposition of a first-order optical system (or ABCD system) as a cascade of a lens, a magnifier, and an orthosymplectic system (a system that is both symplectic and orthogonal), a further decomposition of the orthosymplectic system in the form of a separable fractional Fourier transformer embedded between two spatial-coordinate rotators is proposed. The resulting decomposition of the entire first-order optical system then shows a physically attractive representation of the linear canonical integral transformation, which, in contrast to Collins integral, is valid for any ray transformation matrix.
A Collins transformation maps an orthonormal set of Hermite-Gaussian modes into an orthonormal set of beams with a Gaussian envelope. Among these beams are Laguerre-Gaussian beams and the recently introduced Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Compact expressions for the complex field amplitudes of these modes are derived. The results obtained are useful for description of the propagation of light through first-order optical systems, for the solution of the phase-retrieval problem by noninterferometric techniques, and for the design of mode converters and information processing systems.
We analyze the evolution of the vortex and the asymmetrical parts of orbital angular momentum during its propagation through separable first-order optical systems. We find that the evolution of the vortex part depends on only parameters a(x), a(y), b(x), and b(y) of the ray transformation matrix and that isotropic systems with the same ratio b/a produce the same change of the vortex part of the orbital angular momentum. Finally, it is shown that, when light propagates through an optical fiber with a quadratic refractive-index profile, the vortex part of the orbital angular momentum cannot change its sign more than four times per period.
The Wigner distribution of rotationally symmetric partially coherent light is considered, and the constraints for its moments are derived. Although all odd-order moments vanish, these constraints lead to a drastic reduction in the number of parameters that we need to describe all even-order moments: whereas in general we have (N + 1)(N + 2)(N + 3)/6 different moments of order N, this number reduces to (1 + N/2)2 in the case of rotational symmetry. A way to measure the moments as intensity moments in the output planes of (generally anamorphic) fractional Fourier-transform systems is presented.
The phase of a signal at a plane is reconstructed from the intensity profiles at two close parallel screens connected by a small abcd canonical transform; this applies to propagation along harmonic and repulsive fibers and in free media. We analyze the relationship between the local spatial frequency (the signal phase derivative) and the derivative of the squared modulus of the signal under a one-parameter canonical transform with respect to the parameter. We thus generalize to all linear systems the results that have been obtained separately for Fresnel and fractional Fourier transforms.
It is shown how a coherent optical signal that contains only a finite number of Hermite-Gauss modes can be reconstructed from the knowledge of its Radon-Wigner transform-associated with the intensity distribution in a fractional-Fourier-transform optical system-at only two transversal points. The proposed method can be generalized to any fractional system whose generator transform has a complete orthogonal set of eigenfunctions.
It is shown how all global Wigner distribution moments of arbitrary order in the output plane of a (generally anamorphic) two-dimensional fractional Fourier transform system can be expressed in terms of the moments in the input plane. Since Wigner distribution moments are identical to derivatives of the ambiguity function at the origin, a similar relation holds for these derivatives. The general input-output relationship is then broken down into a number of rotation-type input-output relationships between certain combinations of moments. It is shown how the Wigner distribution moments (or ambiguity function derivatives) can be measured as intensity moments in the output planes of a set of appropriate fractional Fourier transform systems and thus be derived from the corresponding fractional power spectra. The minimum number of (anamorphic) fractional power spectra that are needed for the determination of these moments is derived. As an important by-product we get a number of moment combinations that are invariant under (anamorphic) fractional Fourier transformation.