Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Mark A Reed

Publications and source records attributed to Mark A Reed.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Anionic O --> alpha- and beta-vinyl carbamoyl translocation of 2-(O-carbamoyl) stilbenes.

[reaction: see text] New anionic oxygen to alpha- and beta-vinyl carbamoyl migration reactions, 17a and 26a-c --> 18 and 30a-c, proceed under LDA-mediated conditions leading stereoselectively to highly substituted stilbenes bearing electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents. Compounds 17a and 26a-c are prepared by combination of efficient, directed ortho metalation, Sonogashira, and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling procedures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Speed and accuracy of head- and eye-based aiming systems at high vertical acceleration.

BACKGROUND: The benefits of using a head tracker in a fast jet to aim weapons and control sensor direction have been amply demonstrated, but head direction is difficult to control at high G. An experiment was conducted to assess whether aiming using the eye, rather than the head, might be advantageous. METHODS: A centrifuge provided sustained accelerations of up to 8 Gz. Participating aircrew were asked to point at static targets using head- or eye-aiming, maintain the acquisition while the target was lit, and then transfer to the next target as quickly as possible. A helmet-mounted scene camera recorded the subject's view of the target board. A laser mounted by the scene camera was used for head-aiming and to determine head direction. The eye tracker camera and illuminator were also helmet-mounted. The eye and scene images were recorded and analyzed off-line. RESULTS: Eye-aiming acquisition times and accuracy were affected only slightly by Gz; however, both head-aiming speed and accuracy deteriorated as Gz increased. Eye-aiming was substantially faster than head-aiming at all Gz levels, but head-aiming was more accurate under these experimental conditions. Subjective ratings supported the objective data. A majority of subjects preferred eye to head as an aiming mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: Eye-aiming was faster and easier to use than head-aiming at all Gz levels, and particularly at high Gz.

Acceleration↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis of constrained raloxifene analogues by complementary use of Friedel-Crafts and directed remote metalation reactions.

New constrained heterocyclic analogues, 2a,b and 3, of Raloxifene (1) have been prepared by complementary Directed remote Metalation (DreM)/Friedel-Crafts cyclization approaches. Utilization of a benzylidene-thiolactone rearrangement was successfully implemented to construct benzothiophenes 13a-c in good yields. Selective deprotection of 13a and 13b induced by complexation followed by triflation gave 18 and 23, thereby allowing efficient Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling with borolane 16 to give biaryls 19 and 24. Treatment of 19 with BCl(3) induced an intramolecular para Fridel-Crafts cyclization and concomitant double deprotection to furnish analogue 2a, a new 5,6,6,6-(C(4)S-C(6)-C(6)-C(6)) sulfur-containing heterocycle. Exposure of 25 with excess LDA induced a DreM cyclization delivering the ortho-substituted 5,6,6,6-(C(4)S-C(6)-C(6)-C(6)) heterocylic analogue 26 in 70% yield. Similar treatment of 13c and 27 afforded 30, representing the novel 5,5,6,6-(C(4)S-C(5)-C(6)-C(6)) ring system, which was subjected to Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling with 16 to give the biaryl 31 in 93% yield; deprotection furnished the final constrained analogue 3.

Cyclohexanes↗
PubMed2002

Micromolded PDMS planar electrode allows patch clamp electrical recordings from cells.

The patch clamp method measures membrane currents at very high resolution when a high-resistance 'gigaseal' is established between the glass microelectrode and the cell membrane (Pflugers Arch. 391 (1981) 85; Neuron 8 (1992) 605). Here we describe the first use of the silicone elastomer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), for patch clamp electrodes. PDMS is an attractive material for patch clamp recordings. It has low dielectric loss and can be micromolded (Annu. Rev. Mat. Sci. 28 (1998) 153) into a shape that mimics the tip of the glass micropipette. Also, the surface chemistry of PDMS may be altered to mimic the hydrophilic nature of glass (J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 14 (1970) 2499; Annu. Rev. Mat. Sci. 28 (1998) 153), thereby allowing a high-resistance seal to a cell membrane. We present a planar electrode geometry consisting of a PDMS partition with a small aperture sealed between electrode and bath chambers. We demonstrate that a planar PDMS patch electrode, after oxidation of the elastomeric surface, permits patch clamp recording on Xenopus oocytes. Our results indicate the potential for high-throughput patch clamp recording with a planar array of PDMS electrodes.

Coated Materials, Biocompatible↗