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Biomedical subjects

Marion E Broome

Publications and source records attributed to Marion E Broome.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Imagery reduces children's post-operative pain.

This un-blinded experimental study investigated the effectiveness of imagery, in addition to routine analgesics, in reducing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy pain and anxiety after ambulatory surgery (AS) and at home. Seventy-three children, aged 7-12, were recruited from five AS settings. Thirty-six children randomly assigned to the treatment group watched a professionally developed videotape on the use of imagery and then listened to a 30-min audio tape of imagery approximately 1 week prior to surgery (T1). They listened to only the audio tape 1-4 h after surgery (T2), and 22-27 h after discharge from AS (T3). The 37 children in the attention-control group received standard care. Pain and anxiety were measured at each time-point in both groups. Measures of sensory pain were the Oucher and amount of analgesics used in AS and home; affective pain was measured with the Facial Affective Scale (FAS). Anxiety was measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). When controlling for trait anxiety and opioid and non-opioid intake 1-4 h before the pain measures, MANCOVA showed significantly lower pain and anxiety in the treatment group at T2, but not at T3. When controlling for trait anxiety, a two-way RM MANCOVA indicated no significant group differences in combined opioid and non-opioid use between the groups, or between times. Appropriately trained health care providers should use imagery to reduce post-operative pain following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in AS. Teaching parents about adequate home administration of analgesics may increase the effectiveness of imagery at home.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2004

Polydipsia screening tool.

Polydipsia is a condition whereby individuals consume excessive amounts of liquids, which is common in patients with schizophrenia. A 17-item Polydipsia Screening Tool (PST; Copyright 2000 by Sheila Reynolds) was evaluated for psychometric properties. Five nurses and 70 psychiatric residents in a 92-bed nursing home comprised the samples. The interrater reliability (mean intraclass correlation coefficient) was 0.84. The average test-retest agreement was 92.4% with agreement ranging from 75% to 100%. Internal consistency of the tool was 0.79. Sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 68%, respectively. Additionally, validity of the PST was supported using a medical record history of polydipsia, low serum sodium, and low specific gravity.

Drinking Behavior↗
PubMed2004

Identifying at risk nursing home residents using a polydipsia screening tool.

Persons diagnosed with schizophrenia are considered at risk for polydipsia, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by excessive consumption of fluids. This study examined the demographic and health-related characteristics of nursing home residents with psychiatric diagnoses (N = 70) who reside in a 92-bed facility. The prevalence of polydipsia and behavioral characteristics and symptoms as measured by a 17-item polydipsia screening tool also were described. Patients who screened positive for polydipsia (36%) exhibited behaviors that included incontinence, smoking, frequent voiding, and preference for fluid over food. A polydipsia screening program could minimize morbidity and mortality associated with this fairly prevalent condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Incentives for children in research.

PURPOSE: To describe the challenges of using incentives for children in research. ORGANIZING FRAMEWORK: A discussion of incentives in the context of recruitment for research, including a review of the literature, a description of the types of incentives used with children and their families, factors influencing choice of incentives and ethical considerations. Recommendations to guide decisions about incentives are proposed. CONCLUSIONS: Since the 1997 mandate from the U.S. National Institutes of Health that investigators provide justification for excluding children, researchers have become more willing to include children. Whether all parts of the research process pertain to children without careful consideration and adaptation is unclear. One area lacking clarity is the use of incentives to encourage participation in research. The issue of incentives for children or parents should be considered early in the design of the research proposal, with attention to developmental age, ethical considerations, purpose of the research, and burden to the child and family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A study of the effectiveness of a pain management education booklet for parents of children having cardiac surgery.

Parents need education about pain so they can support their hospitalized child and manage their child's pain at home. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a pain booklet on parental pain support to children experiencing postoperative pain. A randomized, repeated measures, experimental design using a pain education booklet and a standard care comparison group was used to study parents of 51 children (3 to 16 years of age) having cardiac surgery. Measurement techniques used to assess differences in parental pain management included: attitudes about pain medication, child and parent pain ratings (Oucher), opioids used, recovery, satisfaction, and comfort in communication. Results indicate that children do report moderate levels of pain postoperatively. Parents who were exposed to the pain assessment and management for parents education booklet preoperatively significantly increased their knowledge and attitudes toward pain medication scores from pre- to post-test, whereas those in the control group remained stable. Post-test scores were not significantly different between groups. Child and parent pain ratings were significantly and positively correlated. Practice implications include the use of an educational booklet about pain with parents before surgery to increase their knowledge about and attitudes toward pain management. Additionally, a parent may provide an alternative pain report when a child is unable to or unwilling to self-report their pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Scientific integrity--the cornerstone of knowledge.

In the past, nurses often found themselves pressured within complex social interactions in the research environment that often overshadowed their advocacy role for the patient (Davis, 1989). With the recent emphasis on enforcing adequate protections for participants in research, nurses need to feel free to act as sentient beings with a conscience and a strong commitment to their patients. It is only through this advocacy role that scientific misconduct can be reduced and research integrity upheld.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed2002

Maximizing retention in community-based clinical trials.

PURPOSE: To identify and discuss retention strategies and their effectiveness in community-based clinical trials in the last decade. METHODS: Online and hand searches for reports for the period 1990-1999. A total of 87 reports on 64 different trials were found; 21 of these published reports included a description of both retention strategies and outcomes. These studies, rank-ordered on participant retention, were compared. FINDINGS: Despite differences in study populations, interventions, and endpoints, community-based trials with the highest retention rates included a combination of retention strategies. CONCLUSIONS: As more funding agencies emphasize clinical trials, more investigators will be held accountable for credible and generalizable findings based on retaining the projected number of study participants. The small number of published reports for the decade that identified both retention strategies and outcomes substantiates the need to better document these factors in future research reports.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1989

Parent and child behavior during immunization.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a mother's rating of her own and her child's anxiety and their observed behavior during an immunization. Eighty-three preschool children and their mothers were observed in a health screening clinic while the child received an immunization. Each mother was asked to rate how anxious she and her child were immediately prior to the immunization. Both mother and child behaviors were observed and rated using separate 5-point behavior scales. The results of this study indicate that although child behavior during an immunization varied a great deal, most mothers reassured and very few admonished their children during the immunization procedure. Children with extremely reassuring parents fell into 2 distinct groups with half responding distressed and half non-distressed during the immunization. Mothers of these children who rated their children as highly anxious prior to the procedure had children who were most likely to be observed to be distressed during the procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scientific integrity.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ethics, Professional↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of parent/grandparent education for managing a febrile illness using the CALM approach.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of fever management education in increasing knowledge, confidence, comfort, and satisfaction of the parent/grandparent. METHOD: A randomized repeated measures design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational brochure and video. After baseline data were collected on parent/grandparents of children receiving standard care, each site was randomized into two groups: Group 1 parents were given a video and brochure about fever management as they left the clinic/office; Group 2 were shown the video and given the brochure before seeing their health care provider. The parent/grandparents of 216 children, mean age 21.8 months, completed the Fever Management Questionnaire (FMQ) at 48-72 hours, 1, 3, and 6 months post-education. RESULTS: Knowledge scores of parents/grandparents in both CALM groups were significantly higher than those in the control group at 48 hours and 1-month post-visit. By 6 months, the knowledge level of the parent/grandparents in CALM2, those who viewed the video in the office, was significantly different from the other two groups. Satisfaction, comfort, and confidence of all three groups were high at all three points. Parents/grandparents in both CALM groups were highly satisfied with the education they received. DISCUSSION: Educating parent/grandparents about fever management using written and video materials is effective in increasing knowledge about fever management.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of relationships on children's and adolescents' participation in research.

BACKGROUND: Since the 1950s, children and adolescents have been defined as a vulnerable group for research participation. In 1998, federal mandates were issued to include children in clinical research. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe children and adolescents' understanding of research and the sociocultural factors that influenced them to become involved and continue participation in clinical research. The specific objective of the study findings reported here was to describe how relationships with adults (e.g., parents and investigators) influenced children and adolescent involvement in clinical research. METHOD: This study employed qualitative methods, using semistructured interviews and narrative analytic techniques. There were 34 children and adolescent participants, (8-22 years of age) who had a diagnosis of either diabetes or a hematological malignancy. Participants were interviewed to obtain an understanding of their experience with the assent/consent process for a research study. All interviews were transcribed verbatim from the audiotapes. RESULTS: Three themes discussed in this article were related to the child/adolescent's relationships with powerful adults: (a) faith in their parent(s), (b) relationships with members of the research/medical team, and (c) the child's perception of what happens when a child/adolescent and his/her parent disagree about research participation. DISCUSSION: Chronically ill children are willing to dialog about their involvement in research trials, and describe how relationships with their parents and clinician/investigators influence them. They can articulate their ability and right to make the decisions about involvement in research, along with their parent(s).

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conduct of multisite clinical studies by professional organizations.

ISSUES AND PURPOSE: Professional organizations are embracing collaborative multisite research and research utilization projects. This report describes the strategies undertaken and lessons learned from SPN's first multisite study. CONCLUSIONS: Infrastructure concerns (e.g., vision, communication, dissemination of results, resources, and human rights protections) and methodological issues specific to multisite research must be addressed to ensure a successful study. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Multisite studies are an effective mechanism for more rapidly advancing nursing theory and evidence-based nursing practice.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coping strategies utilized by adolescents with end stage renal disease.

Children and adolescents with end stage renal disease (ESRD) require life-long treatment. The purpose of this descriptive investigation was to identify coping strategies that adolescents with ESRD use to manage their chronic illness. Participants for this investigation were 35 adolescents, 13-18 years of age, with ESRD. The A-COPE survey instrument was used in a clinical and camp setting to measure the coping strategies used by adolescents with ESRD. Analyses revealed that adolescents with ESRD utilized a variety of coping strategies to manage the stresses of living with their chronic condition. Personal characteristics of gender, transplant status, age, and religious views were significantly related to the coping strategies the adolescents reported using.

Adaptation, Psychological↗