Biomedical subjects

Mariko Ishihara

Publications and source records attributed to Mariko Ishihara.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

A quantitative approach to the free radical interaction between alpha-tocopherol or ascorbate and flavonoids.

Despite numerous previous studies, the mechanism of the free radical interaction between alpha-tocopherol (VE), or ascorbate and flavonoids, as coantioxidants remains unclear. The synergistic antioxidant effects of VE or L-ascorbyl 2,6-dibutyrate (ASDB, an ascorbate derivative) with the flavonoids (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and methyl gallate (MG), were investigated by the induction period method in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), initiated by thermal decomposition of 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (an alkyl radical, R *), under nearly anaerobic conditions. For VE, a synergistic antioxidant effect was observed with MG, EC, EGC and ECG, whereas this activity was decreased by the addition of EGCG. For ASDB, a synergistic antioxidant effect was observed with EGC and ECG, whereas this activity was decreased by the addition of EGCG or MG. A synergistic antioxidant effect (regeneration of VE) appears to be feasible even though the BDE (phenolic O-H bond dissociation entropy) of the coantioxidants is significantly higher than that of VE. The driving force for the regeneration process may be the removal of the semiquinone radical from the flavonoids MG, EC, EGC and ECG by the VE radical. In the ASDB/flavonoid mixture, flavonoid radicals are scavenged by ASDB. The partial regeneration of flavonoids by ASDB may follow a similar recycling mechanism to that of the well-known VE/ascorbate mixture. The free radical interaction between EGCG and VE or ASDB decreased the antioxidant effect. Such enhancement of prooxidation in EGCG/VE or EGCG/ASDB mixtures oxidized by R * may increase their cytotoxic effects.

Antioxidants↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Re-evaluation of tumor-specific cytotoxicity of mitomycin C, bleomycin and peplomycin.

Three antitumor antibiotics, mitomycin C, bleomycin sulfate and peplomycin sulfate, were compared for their tumor-specific cytotoxicity, using human oral squamous cell lines (HSC-2, HSC-3, HSC-4, Ca9-22 and NA), human promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60 and human normal oral cell types (gingival fibroblast HGF, pulp cell HPC and periodontal ligament fibroblast HPLF). Among these three compounds, mitomycin C showed the highest tumor-specificity, due to its higher cytotoxic activity against human oral tumor cell lines than bleomycin and peplomycin. However, there was considerable variation of drug sensitivity among the six tumor cell lines. Mitomycin C induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and caspase-3, -8 and -9 activation in HL-60 cells only after 24 h. On the other hand, mitomycin C induced no clear-cut DNA fragmentation in HCS-2 cells, although it activated caspase-3, -8 and -9 to a slightly higher extent. Western blot analysis demonstrated that mitomycin C did not induce any apparent change in the intracellular concentration of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad). Electron microscopy of mitomycin C-treated HL-60 cells showed intact mitochondria (as regards to integrity and size) and cell surface microvilli, without production of an apoptotic body or autophagosome, at an early stage after treatment. The present study suggests the incomplete induction of apoptosis or the induction of another type of cell death by mitomycin C treatment.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Free radical interaction between vitamin E (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol), ascorbate and flavonoids.

Despite a large number of previous studies, the mechanism of free radical interaction between vitamin E (VE) (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol) and ascorbate or flavonoids as coantioxidants remains unclear. VE, particularly alpha-tocopherol, shows less antioxidant activity against peroxyl radicals, suggesting that VE possesses functions that are independent of its antioxidant/radical-scavenging activity. The synergistic antioxidant effect of VE or L-ascorbyl 2,6-dibutyrate (ASDB, an ascorbate derivative) with the flavonoids (-)-epicatechin (EC) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was investigated using the induction period method in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by thermal decomposition of benzoyl peroxide (an oxygen-centered radical, PhCOO*) under nearly anaerobic conditions. For delta-tocopherol, a synergistic antioxidant effect was observed in the presence of both EC and EGCG, whereas antioxidant activity for alpha-, beta- and gamma-tocopherol was decreased by addition of EC and EGCG. This suggested that the partial regeneration between VE and flavonoids may depend on the chemical structure of VE, i.e., monomethyl, dimethyl, or trimethyl tocol. The regeneration of delta-tocopherol, a monomethyl tocol, by flavonoids may be due to the lower steric effect of tocol. For ASDB, regeneration of vitamin E, which is well-known for a VE/ascorbate mixture, was not observed, possibly due to the anaerobic experimental conditions. The radical interaction between VE and EC, EGCG or ASDB suggests reactivity of VE with biological systems.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Kinetic radical-scavenging activity of platonin, a cyanine photosensitizing dye.

Platonin is known to possess antioxidant activity. However, the kinetics of the radical-scavenging activities of this compound remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the radical-scavenging activities of platonin by the induction period method in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), initiated by thermal decomposition of 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) (a carbon-centered radical, R*), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) (an oxygen-centered radical, PhCOO*), under nearly anaerobic conditions. The number of moles of R* or PhCOO* radicals trapped by platonin calculated with respect to 1 mole of inhibitor moiety unit (stoichiometric factor, n) was determined, and this showed that the n of fully oxidized platonin was 4. The inhibition rate constant (k(inh)) of platonin showed a wide range of 0.8 x 10(3) M(-1)s(-1) to 1.6 x 10(4) M(-1)s(-1). To clarify the interaction between platonin and thiols, 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (MMI) was used as a representative thiol, because glutathiones were unsuitable due to their limited solubility in MMA. MMI in the presence of platonin showed neither catalytic activities nor synergistic activities. Platonin possesses radical-scavenging activities and acts as an antioxidant. On the basis of our experimental results, the radical-scavenging mechanism is discussed.

Benzoyl Peroxide↗