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Biomedical subjects

Manos Alchanatis

Publications and source records attributed to Manos Alchanatis.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

The incremental effect of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome on arterial stiffness in newly diagnosed essential hypertensive subjects.

OBJECTIVE: Although obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is accompanied by an increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease burden, its relationship with arterial stiffness is not yet well determined. We investigated whether essential hypertensive individuals with OSAS are characterized by increased arterial stiffness. METHODS: Our study population consisted of 46 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed untreated stage I-II essential hypertension suffering from OSAS (35 men, aged 49 +/- 8 years) and 53 hypertensive individuals without OSAS, matched for age, sex, and smoking status. All subjects underwent polysomnography, echocardiography and aortic stiffness evaluation by means of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-fPWV) measurements. RESULTS: Hypertensive subjects with OSAS [apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI)>or =5] compared with hypertensive subjects without OSAS (AHI < 5) demonstrated increased levels of body mass index (31.4 +/- 4 versus 29.3 +/- 4 kg/m2, P = 0.015), office systolic/diastolic blood pressure (151/99 versus 145/94 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.05, for both cases) and relative wall thickness (RWT; 0.46 +/- 0.06 versus 0.42 +/- 0.07, P=0.010). Hypertensive subjects with OSAS compared with those without OSAS had significantly increased c-fPWV by 9% (8.56 +/- 0.49 versus 7.85 +/- 0.93 m/s, P=0.001) and this difference remained significant even after adjustment for confounders (P=0.04). In the total study population, c-fPWV was correlated with age (r=0.35, P=0.015), office systolic blood pressure (r=0.30, P=0.007), RWT (r=0.30, P=0.03), logAHI (r=0.389, P=0.0001) and minimum oxygen saturation (r=-0.418, P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: OSAS has a significant incremental effect on aortic stiffening in the setting of middle-aged essential hypertensive subjects. This finding suggests that the presence of OSAS in a hypertensive patient accelerates vascular damage, increasing cardiovascular risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The impact of long-term conventional treatment for overlap syndrome (obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) on concurrent erectile dysfunction.

PURPOSE: To assess the improvement of concurrent erectile dysfunction (ED) in men with overlap syndrome (obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bronchodilators. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 48 men of a mean age of 52.8+/-10 years suffering from both obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and concurrent ED. They were treated with conventional for pulmonary obstruction therapy (CPAP and bronchodilators) for 6 months and then their erectile function (EF) status was reassessed. ED was considered as improved, if ED intensity score increased for at least five points compared to that of baseline. The determinants for improvement of ED were also evaluated, as well as patient's personal degree of satisfaction with the treatment they received as far as the disorder was concerned. RESULTS: EF was improved in 12 patients (25%), but only two thirds of them were satisfied with the grade of improvement after treatment. ED improvement was related positively with age and apnea/hypopnea index and negatively with ED duration. ED intensity score, O(2) saturation at night and BMI were not significantly related to the outcome of EF improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional treatment for OSA and COPD, has a positive effect on concurrent ED on the minority of patients. This effect is possibly due to the improvement of respiration during sleep with CPAP and of oxygenation with bronchodilators continuously. Of the improved men, one third was not satisfied with the impact of this treatment modality on their EF. It is likely that specific for ED treatment is needed in these individuals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Sleep apnea-related cognitive deficits and intelligence: an implication of cognitive reserve theory.

Cognitive deficits in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are well demonstrated, but the pathophysiology of these deficits is still controversial, as the relationship between OSA severity and cognitive deficits is usually weak. Our study considers the possible relationship between OSA-related cognitive deficits and the overall intellectual function of OSA patients. Forty-seven OSA patients and 36 normal individuals underwent a neuropsychological battery test assessing attention and alertness. According to the resulting IQ score, patients and controls were divided into a high-intelligence group (IQ > or = 90th percentile) and a normal-intelligence group (50 < or = IQ < 90%ile). Between the two patient groups there were no significant differences noticed, regarding OSA severity or sleepiness. High-intelligence patients showed the same attention/alertness performance compared with the high-intelligence controls. On the contrary, patients with normal-intelligence showed attention/alertness decline compared with the normal-intelligence control group. The two patient groups were re-examined with the same battery test after at least 1 year of CPAP treatment. At re-examination neither patient group showed any differences regarding attention and alertness compared with the control groups. We assume that high-intelligence may have a protective effect against OSA-related cognitive decline, perhaps due to increased cognitive reserve.

Adolescent↗