Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Magnus Bruze

Publications and source records attributed to Magnus Bruze.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Deodorants: an experimental provocation study with isoeugenol.

Axillary dermatitis is common and overrepresented in people with contact allergy to fragrances. Many people suspect their deodorants to be the incriminating products. In order to investigate the significance of isoeugenol in deodorants for the development of axillary dermatitis when used by people with and without contact allergy to isoeugenol, patch tests with deodorants and ethanol solutions with isoeugenol, as well as repeated open application tests (ROAT) with roll-on deodorants with and without isoeugenol at various concentrations, were performed in 35 dermatitis patients, 10 without and 25 with contact allergy to isoeugenol. A positive ROAT was observed only in patients hypersensitive to isoeugenol (P<0.001) and only in the axilla to which the deodorants containing isoeugenol had been applied (P<0.001). Deodorants containing isoeugenol in the concentration range of 0.0063-0.2% used 2 times daily on healthy skin can thus elicit axillary dermatitis within a few weeks in people with contact allergy to isoeugenol.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Selected oxidized fragrance terpenes are common contact allergens.

Terpenes are widely used fragrance compounds in fine fragrances, but also in domestic and occupational products. Terpenes oxidize easily due to autoxidation on air exposure. Previous studies have shown that limonene, linalool and caryophyllene are not allergenic themselves but readily form allergenic products on air-exposure. This study aimed to determine the frequency and characteristics of allergic reactions to selected oxidized fragrance terpenes other than limonene. In total 1511 consecutive dermatitis patients in 6 European dermatology centres were patch tested with oxidized fragrance terpenes and some oxidation fractions and compounds. Oxidized linalool and its hydroperoxide fraction were found to be common contact allergens. Of the patients tested, 1.3% showed a positive reaction to oxidized linalool and 1.1% to the hydroperoxide fraction. About 0.5% of the patients reacted to oxidized caryophyllene whereas 1 patient reacted to oxidized myrcene. Of the patients reacting to the oxidized terpenes, 58% had fragrance-related contact allergy and/or a positive history for adverse reaction to fragrances. Autoxidation of fragrance terpenes contributes greatly to fragrance allergy, which emphasizes the need of testing with compounds that patients are actually exposed to and not only with the ingredients originally applied in commercial formulations.

Allergens↗
PubMed2005

Gold trichloride and gold sodium thiosulfate as markers of contact allergy to gold.

The usefulness of a trivalent gold salt, gold trichloride (GTC), was evaluated as a marker of contact allergy to gold. Patients patch test-positive or patch test-negative to gold sodium thiosulfate (GSTS), 13 subjects of each, were patch tested with dilution series of GTC and equimolar concentrations of GSTS. In order to avoid false-positive and false-negative test reactions, the salts were buffered and placed on polypropene chambers. Allergic reactions were registered in 9/13 gold-allergic patients with GSTS and in 2/13 with GTC. The sum of positive reactions was 18 with GSTS and 5 with GTC. Irritant reactions were none with GSTS and 2 with GTC in the gold-allergic patients. It is concluded that GTC can elicit positive patch test reactions in patients with gold allergy but to a lesser degree when compared with GSTS. Thus, GTC cannot be recommended in patch testing, and GSTS is still the test agent of choice.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The development and course of patch-test reactions to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate.

Because Methacrylic monomers are used in dental work, dental personnel, technicians, and patients are at risk of being sensitized. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) are commonly used. Allergic test reactions to them sometimes appear beyond D7. This study was designed to study the development and course of positive test reactions to 2-HEMA and EGDMA in allergic patients as a mean to elucidate the issue of patch-test sensitization. 12 patients with contact allergy to 2-HEMA and EGDMA were retested with dilution series. The clinical course was followed for 1 month. During the study, 25 positive test reactions to 2-HEMA and 19 to EGDMA were diagnosed. Within the 1st week, 21 were noted for 2-HEMA and 18 for EGDMA. After 10 days, another 2 reactions appeared for 2-HEMA and 1 for EGDMA. All but 1 patient with the latter reactions also had positive reactions within the 1st week. After 1 month, 12 reactions for 2-HEMA and 10 for EGDMA remained. Patch-test reactions to 2-HEMA and EGDMA are long-lasting. The patch-test concentrations of 2.0% for 2-HEMA and EGDMA may be continually used. Positive test reactions emerging after 10 days do not automatically imply active sensitization.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Allergic contact dermatitis from methyldibromoglutaronitrile.

BACKGROUND: Arriving at a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis is a multistep procedure including the establishing of contact allergy, demonstration of current exposure to the sensitizer, and assessment of clinical relevance. Sometimes, these steps are easy to get through; at other times, there may be problems with every step. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the possible difficulties and pitfalls in establishing the presence of contact allergy and diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis from exposure to the preservative methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN). METHODS: Simultaneous patch-testing with petrolatum preparations of MDBGN at various concentrations, use testing, and chemical analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Contact allergy to MDBGN was established in two cases, with MDBGN in petrolatum at 0.5%. Results of HPLC investigation of moisturizers used by the patients and yielding positive results on patch and use tests disagreed with the information about preservatives on the labels of the moisturizers and with the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs). CONCLUSIONS: Patch testing with MDBGN in petrolatum at a concentration of less than 0.5% may fail to diagnose a clinically relevant contact allergy. The information on labels of products, on MSDSs, and from manufacturers may not be reliable, which indicates the need for chemical analyses.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Chemical analysis of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate in petrolatum patch-test preparations.

BACKGROUND: Isocyanates with the general formula R-(N=C=O) are theoretically contact sensitizers. However, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from isocyanates is seldom reported. In previous reports, patients reacted to their isocyanate-based work materials but not to commercial patch-test preparations of isocyanates. Therefore, we suspected that the low frequency of reported ACD from isocyanates was partly due to inadequate commercial preparations. A past study also showed the concentrations of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI) in petrolatum preparations to be much lower than declared. OBJECTIVE: In this study, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (1,6-HDI), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) were investigated in a similar fashion. METHODS: In preparations from 12 dermatology departments and two suppliers of patch-test allergens, we determined the isocyanate content as the isocyanate-dibutylamine derivative, using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The preparations were considered stable if the ratio between the stated and found concentrations was within the range of 0.8 to 1.2. RESULTS: Although 28 of 36 investigated preparations had ratios outside of the stable range, they were in its vicinity, which indicates that preparations of 2,4-TDI, 1,6-HDI, and IPDI are more stable than are preparations of 4,4'-MDI where previously reported results showed ratios far outside of stable range. CONCLUSION: As opposed to preparations of 4,4'-MDI, preparations of 2,4-TDI, 1,6-HDI, and IPDI can be considered to be stable.

Cyanates↗
PubMed2004

Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen induced by drug-contaminated personal objects.

BACKGROUND: Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen has been recognized since the mid-1980s. Skin reactions have been reported to continue weeks after discontinuation of ketoprofen. One reason for this could be residual ketoprofen in the skin, which has been shown in a skin biopsy specimen. OBJECTIVE: We sought to report on 3 cases of photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen in topical anti-inflammatory gels and on relapses of dermatitis appearing after use of ketoprofen-contaminated objects. METHODS: We patch and photopatch tested, with standard series, the anti-inflammatory gel, ketoprofen, and its ingredients in serial dilutions and extracts of personal objects. We performed chemical investigations of personal objects with thin-layer chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Photoallergy was demonstrated to ketoprofen, which was detected in personal objects. CONCLUSION: Relapses of photoallergic contact dermatitis in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen can be induced by ketoprofen-contaminated objects such as bandages and slippers.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Oral prednisone suppresses allergic but not irritant patch test reactions in individuals hypersensitive to nickel.

A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, crossover study was designed to investigate the effects of prednisone on allergic and irritant patch test reactions. 24 subjects with known allergy to nickel were recruited and patch tested with a nickel sulfate dilution series in aqueous solution, 5% nickel sulfate in petrolatum and 2 dilution series of the irritants nonanoic acid and sodium lauryl sulfate. The subjects were tested x2, both during treatment with prednisone 20 mg oral daily and during placebo treatment. The total number of positive nickel patch test reactions decreased significantly in patients during prednisone treatment. The threshold concentration to elicit a patch test reaction increased and the overall degree of reactivity to nickel sulfate shifted towards weaker reactions. The effect of prednisone treatment on the response to irritants was divergent with both increased and decreased numbers of reactions, although there were no statistically significant differences compared with placebo. It is concluded that oral treatment with prednisone suppresses patch test reactivity to nickel, but not to the irritants tested.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Percutaneous absorption of gold sodium thiosulfate used for patch testing.

Contact allergy to gold has been shown to be correlated to wearing of golden jewellery as well as to the presence of dental gold. The prerequisite for sensitization and elicitation of an allergic contact dermatitis to gold is ionization and percutaneous absorption of the allergen. The present study was undertaken with the aim to demonstrate gold in blood after an occlusive patch testing with gold sodium thiosulfate (GSTS). Patients were patch tested with GSTS 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0% in petrolatum. Venous blood was sampled before testing as well as on day 3 (D3) or day 7 (D7). Blood gold levels were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In all 66 patients, the blood level of gold was significantly higher in the 2nd blood sample than in the 1st (median 0.34 versus 0.03 micro g/l). The increase was similar in patients allergic and not allergic to gold. There was no difference between gold levels on D3 and on D7 after epicutaneous application. Presumably, other allergens may also be taken up in blood during patch testing.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Poor correlation between stated and found concentrations of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI) in petrolatum patch-test preparations.

Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) is widely used in its polymeric form in the manufacturing of polyurethane products. Previous reports on MDI-related contact allergy have shown a pattern, where patients seem to react to their own MDI-based work material but not to commercial patch-test preparations, which contain 4,4'-MDI. Therefore, we performed chemical analyses of 14 commercial test preparations of 4,4'-MDI obtained from 8 European and 4 American dermatology departments as well as 2 preparations from 2 major European suppliers of patch-test allergens. A new method for monitoring 4,4'-MDI in petrolatum preparations was developed and the determination of 4,4'-MDI as the MDI-dibutylamine derivative using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed. None of the preparations obtained from the dermatology departments contained more than 12% of the concentration stated on the label. In most cases, 4,4'-MDI content was only a few percentages or less of the concentration stated. 7 of the 14 preparations were analysed before the expiry date. Yet, only 1 of them, a preparation directly obtained from the supplier, came close to the concentration stated on the label. Thus, using these preparations, patients will be tested with a lower concentration than intended, leading to possible false-negative reactions.

Allergens↗
PubMed2004

Occupational contact dermatitis from a grease.

BACKGROUND: Contact allergy to grease is rare and often not even suspected. We investigated such a case in which the detected allergen was the stabilizer in the grease, which is rarely found as an allergen. OBJECTIVE: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used in a novel way and helped detect the allergen. METHODS: Patch testing with our standard series, a metal-working series, the different substances individually, the grease in serial dilution and extracts of personal objects, the TLC plate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was also used. RESULTS: Test results indicated contact allergy to grease containing N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and contact allergy to Disperse Orange 1, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine, and N,N'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine. CONCLUSION: N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine was the main cause of the patient's dermatitis. This case report underlines the importance of testing the patient's own products and also underlines the benefit of using TLC strips for patch testing and of visiting the workplace to get correct information about exposure conditions.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed2004

Epoxy-based production of wind turbine rotor blades: occupational contact allergies.

BACKGROUND: An industry producing rotor blades for wind turbines with an epoxy-based technology had experienced an increasing number of workers with dermatitis, among whom the frequency of occupational contact allergy (OCA) was suspected to be underestimated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of OCA by patch-testing with a specially profiled occupational patch test series. METHODS: In a blinded study design, 603 workers were first interviewed and thereafter clinically examined. Based on a history of work-related skin disease, clinical findings of dermatitis, or both, 325 (53.9%) of the workers were patch-tested with an occupational patch test series and the European Standard patch test series. RESULTS: Of the 603 investigated workers, 10.9% had OCA and 5.6% had contact allergy to epoxy resin in the standard test series. Contact allergy to amine hardeners/catalysts was found in 4.1% of the workers. Among the workers with OCA, 48.5% reacted to work material other than epoxy resin in the European Standard patch test series. CONCLUSION: Approximately 50% of the workers with OCA would not have been detected if only the European Standard patch test series had been used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Occupational contact allergy and dermatitis from methylisothiazolinone after contact with wallcovering glue and after a chemical burn from a biocide.

Skin exposure to biocides containing high concentrations of methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) may cause severe chemical burns and may also induce sensitization. We report two cases in which skin exposure to a newly launched biocide containing 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MI) and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one led to sensitization to Ml, which in the second case was preceded by a chemical burn. A study was performed to investigate the pattern of reactivity to MCI and Ml in two patients who presumably had a primary sensitization to Ml and in one patient who had been sensitized to MCI/MI by being patch-tested. The patients were patch-tested with serial dilutions of MCI/MI, MCI, MI, and 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. The first two patients reacted to both MCI/MI and the separate active ingredients, with a higher level of reactivity to Ml than to MCI. The third patient reacted to MCI/MI and MCI only. A biocide containing Ml caused sensitization and occupational contact dermatitis in the first two patients, through contact with wallpaper glue in one case and after a chemical burn in the other case.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2003

Presence of formaldehyde in topical corticosteroid preparations available on the Swedish market.

The aim of this study was to investigate the formaldehyde content of topical corticosteroid preparations available on the Swedish market. 73 samples were analysed with the chromotropic acid (CA) method for semi-quantitative formaldehyde determination and 30 samples with a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. These included 24 ointments, 28 creams, 1 lotion, 6 liniments, 2 gels, 9 solutions, 2 mousses and 1 oral paste. Formaldehyde was found in 5 creams and 1 ointment. Sources of formaldehyde in these preparations were discussed. Isopropanol was identified as a probable source of yellow discoloration, leading to false-negative results with the CA method.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2003

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis in a company manufacturing boards coated with isocyanate lacquer.

Over a short period of time, there was an outbreak of work-related skin lesions among workers at a company producing flooring laminate boards, after the introduction of a water-repellent lacquer based on diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI). In 5 workers, patch testing was performed with a standard series, an isocyanate series and work-environmental products when indicated. 3 of the workers were tested with the lacquer, and contact allergy was found with concurrent reactions to 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA). 1 of the 3 workers also showed a simultaneous reaction to MDI, whereas 1 showed a positive reaction to dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (HMDI). Of the 2 individuals not tested with the lacquer, 1 reacted to both MDI and MDA, whereas the other reacted to a soap used at work. In 3 of 4 cases, the isocyanate reactions appeared after D3. Occupational contact with isocyanates should not exclusively be focused upon respiratory hazards, as this report shows that skin contamination probably increases the risk of developing contact allergy to isocyanates and isocyanate-related substances. When aiming at diagnosing contact allergy to isocyanates, it is desirable to perform a late reading, as positive reactions appear late. MDA appears to be a good marker for isocyanate hypersensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Fragrance allergy in patients with hand eczema - a clinical study.

Fragrance allergy and hand eczema are both common among dermatological patients. Fragrance mix (FM) and its constituents have a recognized relevance to exposure to fine fragrances and cosmetic products. Based on extensive chemical analysis and database search, a new selection of fragrances was established, including 14 known fragrance allergens present in products to which hand exposure would occur. A non-irritating patch-test concentration for some fragrances was established in 212 consecutive patients. 658 consecutive patients presenting with hand eczema were patch tested with the European standard series and the developed selection of fragrances. 67 (10.2%) of the 658 patients had a positive reaction to 1 or more of our selection of fragrance chemicals present in the new selection. The most common reactions to fragrances not included in the FM were to citral, Lyral (hydroxyisohexyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde) and oxidized l-limonene. A concomitant reaction to the FM identified potential fragrance allergy in less than (1/2) of these patients. Exposure assessment and a statistically significant association between a positive patch test to our selected fragrances and patients' history support the relevance of this selection of fragrances. Those with a positive reaction to our selected fragrances were significantly more likely to have 1 or more positive patch tests in the standard series. This observation is the basis for the hypothesis concerning cross-reactivity and the effect of simultaneous exposure. The study found that fragrance allergy could be a common problem in patients with eczema on the hands.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2003

Occupational dermatoses in a metalworking plant.

In a plant producing advanced components for engines and drivelines we undertook a survey of occupational dermatoses, based on a questionnaire, clinical examination, and patch testing with a standard series and a series of samples from the working environment. The questionnaire was given to all 430 employees and it was answered and returned by 382 of these. 214 reported having had or having skin manifestations during the time of employment suspected of being work-related. 183 employees (164 metal workers, 19 office staff) participated in the clinical investigation, 182 (163 metal workers, 19 office staff) being patch tested. Occupational dermatoses were diagnosed in 23 of these 163 (14.1%) and in 1 of these 19 (5.3%). In all, irritant contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 12 metal workers, occupational allergic contact dermatitis in 11 (10 metal workers and 1 office clerk) and folliculitis in 1 metal worker. In the 11, neat oils were the cause in 4 workers, a water-based cutting fluid in 3 and various biocides in 4.

Adult↗