Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Zirm.
By direct current it was possible to eliminate soluble proteins from the cornea. This was proven by the decrease of the albumin-concentration which was determined by RID. Treated and untreated corneas were examined by electron microscopic investigations.
Conjunctivitis follicularis is characterized by the appearance of cellular infiltrates consisting of lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells; this has led to the assumption of an allergic etiology in many cases. In a first attempt to prove this hypothesis three cases of conjunctivitis follicularis were investigated using the following immunological methods: (1) determination of immunoglobulins in the lacrimal fluid by means of quantitative precipitation (IgG, IgA, IgM), and by a direct radioimmunoassay for IgE; (2) direct immunofluorescence test on cryostat sections of biopsy specimens of diseased conjunctiva to detect immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells. According to initial results the infiltrated conjunctiva contains considerable numbers of plasma cells producing mainly IgA, and IgM. Plasma cells positively stained with anti-IgG and notably with anti-IgE were only rarely found. These findings, which were also supported by the quantitative Ig determinations in the lacrimal fluids, tend to rule out an allergic, IgE-mediated pathomechanism in these cases.
Elevated protein concentrations in the aqueous humor, without Tyndall phenomenon, were found in a case of Coats' Disease. In particular, proteins of smaller size were involved. The permeability of the retinal vessels was presumed to be impaired. The resulting increase in protein concentrations in the aqueous humor could be the cause of the secondary glaucoma in Coats' Disease.
The use of low molecular dextran is a well established therapy for acute retinal vessel occlusion. This paper gives information about possible anaphylactoid reactions which may complicate the course of the disease.
Volume produced and concentrations are the most important parameters in the investigation of lacrimal fluid. Information about the secretory behavior of the lacrimal gland can only be obtained by collecting the lacrimal fluid at its point of origin. When the lacrimal fluids of locally anesthetized and untreated eyes are compared, correlating albumin concentrations and the time elapsing until a certain volume is obtained, it appears that equal quantities of such contents are produced during equal periods of time.
The significance of proteinase inhibitors in lacrimal fluid is discussed. While an increase is diagnostically important, localized deficiencies may lead to serious symptoms. To our knowledge this is the first time that local antiproteinase treatment has been described.
Diagnostic tapping of the anterior chamber to determine the CEA count in aqueous humor is discussed. Taking the serum aqueous humor barrier (filtration index) into account, it is possible to determine how much of this tumor antigen is produced locally. A case report illustrates the relevance of the method in a case of bilateral metastases of breast cancer in the choroid.
Using the model of rabbit eye infected by Herpes simplex viruses type 1, the protective action of aristolochic acid which increases the defence mechanism against virus infections is demonstrated in comparative experiments. With an ID50 of 10(4,4)/ml the Herpes-affected epithelial lesion rate of the cornea in the treated group of animals is clearly lower than that of the group not treated. The application of aristolochic acid leads also to a more rapid healing of the lesions. The increase of the protein content in the aqueous humor which corresponds to the rise in the irritation of the iris, is significantly more pronounced in the untreated group of animals as opposed to the treated ones. The animals treated with aristolochic acid, show a clearly increased number of micro- and macrophages in the cornea and in the vitreous body, respectively.
The liquification of the corpus vitreum by ultrasound is a promising new alternative to presently used mechanical methods of vitrectomy. With regard to the duration time of insonation, as well as to the ultrasonic intensity, there exist thresholds, the exceeding of which causes a discontinuous breakdown of the vitreous frame in a spherical zone around the transducer tip which can be verified by ultrasonic pulse echo methods. Viscosity measurements showed that the vitreous isonified in this area has almost the same viscosity as water whereas its optical transparency remains unchanged. The dependence of the diameter of the liquified zone on insonation time was measured.
Iritis, Iridocyclitis, Uveitis and Scleritis are sometimes caused by rheumatic diseases. Antinuclear antibodies of 64 patients with high ASL O titer and Antinuclear antibodies of 24 patients with negativ ASL O titer were investigated. The results demonstrate the existance of autoantibodies in many cases. These may be caused by autoimmuno-diseases or could be related directly to ophthalmic disorder.
Bacterial infections of conjunctiva and cornea cause an increase of alpha-1-antitrypsin in tears. In 77 cases detections of this antiproteases were performed by immuno-chemical methods. We believed that the estimation of alpha-1-antitrypsin in tears may be an effective help in diagnosis of ocular inflamations.
Seven patients suffering from heterochromic cyclitis Fuchs had been investigated by gonioscopy after paracentesis of the anterior chamber. Independent to previous intraocular pressure and tonographical results parts or all of the canal of Schlemm were filled with blood, followed by haemorrhage into the trabecular meshwork on several sites and bleeding into the anterior chamber. Three of the patients were operated on because of a chronic secundary glaucoma and the dissected trabecular meshwork was investigated by electron microscopy. Atrophy of the inner--and outer wall of the canal of Schlemm as well as missing of the endothelium of the trabecular meshwork was to be observed. Discussing the gonioscopical observations and electron-microscopical results the glaucoma in heterochromic cyclitis Fuchs seems to be caused by a collapse of the canal of Schlemm and not by increasing resistance in trabecular meshwork by sclerosis or hyaline membranes.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The importance of spectral analysis for the ophthalmology is explained by means of the optical properties of hamoglobin and pigment. Basic technical provisions for the applied infraredfundusphotography as well as methods of computer aided image analysis are explained.
The absorption of retina and uvea pigment is very high in infrared light of 700-1000 nm, whereas hemoglobin absorbs light of lower frequencies much better. Density-Slicing is performed by a computer receiving information from an infrared film. Pigments of nevi and melanomas are demonstratable by this method and tumor growth is possible to see as well.
Changes in gilded molybdenum-wire after implantation in the rabbit skin were investigated by a scanning electron microscope. The described changes are caused by electrolytical action of the tissue fluid. Calcium-molybdat was found between the gold and the molybdenum layer.
After sensitization of a rabbit with soluble human cornea proteins a hetero-keratoplasty (man-rabbit) is performed with exactly determined antibody titer. Light-microscopic investigations showed that the epithelium of the transplant is involved in this severe humoral immune-reaction mainly. In the area between receptor's and donor's cornea impressive changes could be observed.