Identification and characterization of a candidate phosphatidylserine-transporting ATPase.
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Biological Transport↗
Biomedical subjects
M Zimmerman
Publications and source records attributed to M Zimmerman.
Caries prevalence among adults in communities with optimal and low water fluoride concentrations.
The aim of this study was to compare the dental health status of adults measured as caries prevalence in two socioeconomically similar communities with optimal and low water fluoride concentrations respectively. Other topical fluoride sources are also taken into consideration. The study is based on clinical and radiological examinations of 30-40-yr-old subjects who for all their lives have been drinking water with a fluoride concentration representative for the community. 260 individuals resident in the optimal fluoride area and 236 from the low fluoride are included in the study. The results show that caries prevalence was lower in the optimal fluoride area. Caries prevalence was higher in women than in men within both groups. The prevalence of primary caries was low but significantly higher in the low fluoride area, principally in the form of proximal caries. Caries prevalence was not influenced by other topical fluoride sources.
Adult↗
Salivary levels of lactobacilli, buffer capacity and salivary flow rate related to caries activity among adults in communities with optimal and low water fluoride concentrations.
In several human studies, scientists have sought to elucidate the connection between caries activity, high levels of lactobacilli, low buffer capacity and a low salivary flow rate, separately or in combinations. The aims of the study were to investigate if there was a difference in caries activity among adults in optimal versus low fluoride areas. It was further investigated if this difference was related to high lactobacilli levels, low buffer capacity and low salivary flow rate, separately or in combination. Finally, it was analysed if the lactobacilli levels were lower in an area with optimal fluoride water concentration. The study is based on clinical examinations of 30-40 year olds who all their lives had drunk water with a fluoride concentration representative for the community. 260 individuals living in the optimal fluoride area and 236 from the low fluoride area are included in the study. The results show a caries activity significantly lower among those in the optimal fluoride area. It is also shown that these differences can not be explained by differences in lactobacilli levels, buffer capacity and salivary flow, neither separately nor in combination. The fluoride concentration in the drinking water is wholly decisive. No difference in lactobacilli levels between optimal and low fluoride areas were demonstrable in this study.
Adult↗
Cathepsin B and L activities in isolated osteoclasts.
Cathepsin B and L activities were examined with chicken osteoclasts isolated by sequential filtration and inhibitors were added to disaggregated rat osteoclasts on cortical bovine bone. Z-Phe-Phe-CHN2, a selective inhibitor of cathepsin L, at 1, 5, and 10 microM, inhibited bone resorption by rat osteoclasts 50, 85, and 100 per cent and, in chicken osteoclasts, cathepsin L activity was comparably inhibited. Cathepsin L in avian osteoclasts was also 25-fold higher than cathepsin B. Chicken osteoclasts treated with Z-Phe-Ala-CHN2, a generalized cysteine proteinase inhibitor, had both cathepsins inhibited to the same extent. Cathepsin L may play a key role in resorption.
Animals↗
Major depression and personality disorder.
The authors examined an interview and paper-and-pencil assessment of the DSM-III personality disorders (PDs) in depressed inpatients, and depressed relatives of psychiatric patients and never-ill controls who had a lifetime history of major depression. The rates of PDs according to the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders (SIDP) were similar in the two groups, except for borderline PD which was more frequent in the inpatients. Of the individuals with a PD, the patients were more likely than the relatives to have two or more PDs, and the borderline and histrionic patients were more prototypic of these disorders than were the borderline and histrionic relatives. In contrast to the SIDP results, the rates of PDs according to the Personality Disorders Questionnaire (PDQ) were higher in the patient sample. These results thus extend the previously described high rates of PDs in depressed patients to a sample of individuals with a lifetime history of treated or untreated depression, and they suggest that interview assessments of personality may be less sensitive to the state effects of depression than are questionnaires.
Adult↗
Health-related quality of life among patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
A randomized clinical trial was recently conducted to investigate whether a new antiplatelet agent could prevent restenosis in patients who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary artery angioplasty (PTCA). Approximately 1,200 patients were enrolled at 13 separate clinical sites. To assess the impact of this intervention on health-related quality of life, a patient questionnaire for telephone administration was developed. This questionnaire focused attention on several specific dimensions likely to be important in this patient population: physical well-being, perceived health, emotional well-being, home management, work, recreation, and social and sexual functioning. This paper describes the instrument that was used in this trial and reports on its psychometric [corrected] properties based on completed interviews with approximately 500 patients at study entry and 1 month after PTCA.
Activities of Daily Living↗
DSM-IV: a nosology sold before its time?
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether American psychiatrists believe that DSM-IV is being published too soon after DSM-III-R. METHOD: The authors conducted a mail survey of the attitudes of practicing psychiatrists (N = 454), residency program directors (N = 128), residents (N = 1,331), and researchers (N = 196) toward the scheduled publication of DSM-IV in the early 1990s. RESULTS: They found that the majority of all four groups believed that DSM-IV is being published prematurely. In contrast to respondents who believed that the timing of DSM-IV is appropriate, those who indicated that it is being published too soon had more recently completed their residency training and also believed that DSM-III-R was published prematurely. There was no association between the psychiatrists' responses and their theoretical orientation, Board certification status, ownership of the DSM manuals, the length of time they had used DSM-III, and the diagnostic manual (DSM-III or DSM-III-R) they were currently using. CONCLUSIONS: The belief that DSM-IV is being published too soon could contribute to underuse of DSM-IV by substantial numbers of psychiatrists. Thus, to foster compliance with it, APA must preserve in its efforts to demonstrate that the advantages of publishing it in 1993 outweigh the disadvantages of adopting yet another manual.
Adult↗
Fluoride sources and dental attendance habits among adults in communities with optimal and low water fluoride concentrations.
The aim of this study was to obtain data on local fluoride supply, dental attendance, and dental care habits in two sociologically similar municipalities with optimal, 1.0 ppm, and low, 0.3 ppm, water fluoride concentrations, respectively. The participants in the study were 30- to 40-year-old lifetime residents in the two municipalities: 569 individuals from the 1-ppm fluoride community and 466 from the low-fluoride community. There were no intergroup differences in the fluoride mouthrinse utilization rate of 1%. Fluoride toothpaste was much more common in the low-fluoride area. In the 1-ppm fluoride area more people drank tea, and they went more regularly to the dentist. It is suggested that dental attendance habits and various fluoride sources should be taken into account in studies evaluating the effect of fluoride in drinking water.
Adult↗
Number of remaining teeth among adults in communities with optimal and low water fluoride concentrations.
The aims of this study was to compare the dental health status measured as the number of remaining teeth, also considering local fluoride administration in two sociologically equal communities with optimal and low drinking water fluoride concentrations. The study is based on self-answer enquiries and clinical examinations. To be part of the study the subjects were required to have used a drinking water with a fluoride concentration representative of the community for all their lives. The participants were 30-40 years old: 320 met the criteria in the optimal fluoride concentration community compared to 284 in the low fluoride community. Of these 18% did not turn up to the clinical examination. The results of the study show no differences in the number of still remaining teeth between optimal and low fluoride communities respectively. There were also no statistically significant differences as to the reasons for toothloss. The number of remaining teeth were neither influenced by local fluoride administration in the two groups. Removable dentures were only present in 0.9% with no differences between optimal and low fluoride communities.
Adult↗
[Hepatotoxicity of oriental hornet venom].
Reports of hepatic damage following multiple stings by hornets led to this study of the effects of venom sac extract (VSE) from the oriental hornet. We used in-vivo models (serum of cats following a single exposure, and of rats following repeated exposures), in-situ models (perfusion of intact livers) and in-vitro models (monolayers of fetal rat liver tissue culture). Enzyme activities were measured in serum, in perfusates, and in media of cultures, as well as in liver fractions obtained by ultracentrifugation. In cats, levels of albumin, total proteins, electrolytes, urea, cholesterol, bilirubin and blood gases were determined. Bile acids were determined in bile secreted from perfused rat livers. Histologic, histochemical and electron-microscopic studies were also performed. It is concluded that VSE is the first animal product known to possess hepatotoxic properties. The venom mainly damages hepatic cellular membranes, and mitochondria are the organelles most severely injured; cholestasis also results. The damage is partially reversible, and occurs in mammals, including man.
Animals↗
Diagnosing personality disorders in the community. A comparison of self-report and interview measures.
The rapidly expanding empirical study of personality disorders is the result of the publication of operational diagnostic criteria in DSM-III and the development of instruments to assess these criteria. Few researchers have examined the comparability of measures of personality disorders, and to our knowledge there are no studies of the factors associated with discordance between measures. In the present study, 697 relatives of psychiatric patients and healthy controls were interviewed with the Structured Interview for Personality Disorders (SIDP) and completed the Personality Disorders Questionnaire (PDQ). Significantly more individuals had a personality disorder according to the SIDP; however, multiple personality disorders were more frequently diagnosed on the PDQ. Schizotypal, compulsive, dependent, and borderline personality disorders were significantly more frequently diagnosed by the PDQ, whereas the SIDP more frequently diagnosed antisocial and passive-aggressive personality disorder. The corresponding dimensional scores of the two measures were all significantly correlated; however, the concordance for categorical diagnoses was poor. Discrepancies between the PDQ and the SIPD dimensional scores were significantly associated with current level of depressive symptoms and PDQ lie scale scores.
Adult↗
Is DSM-IV needed at all?
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Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
The effects of nicotine on aortic endothelial cell turnover and ultrastructure.
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Animals↗
Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase. 2. Inhibition by substituted cephalosporin esters and amides.
A variety of 7 alpha-methoxycephalosporin ester and amide sulfones were prepared and tested to determine the structure-activity relations for inhibition of human leukocyte elastase (HLE), a serine protease which has been implicated in several degenerative lung and tissue diseases. The most potent IC50 values were obtained with neutral, lipophilic derivatives, with the esters being more active than the amides. However, the best time-dependent inhibition in this series was observed with the p- and m-carboxybenzyl esters 7b and 7c. These results are discussed in terms of the proposed mechanism of inhibition as well as a molecular modeling study using the recently solved X-ray crystal structure of HLE.
Amides↗
DSM-III personality disorder dimensions.
Dimensional scores were computed for the 11 DSM-III personality disorders (PDs) in 797 relatives of psychiatric patients and never ill control subjects interviewed with the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders. The distribution of scores for all 11 PD dimensions was skewed to the right. A principal components analysis with varimax rotation produced three factors that closely corresponded to DSM-III's suggested clustering of the PDs into eccentric, dramatic, and anxious types. Men scored significantly higher on the paranoid, schizoid, compulsive, antisocial, and narcissistic dimensions, whereas women had significantly higher histrionic, dependent, and avoidant scores. Age was negatively correlated with most of the PD dimensions, and the correlations were strongest with the four PDs in cluster 2 (histrionic, antisocial, narcissistic, and borderline). Each of the eight axis I disorders examined was associated with increased axis II pathology.
Adult↗
Antinociceptive properties of pyridoxine. Neurophysiological and behavioral findings.
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Analgesia↗
Variability in the application of contemporary diagnostic criteria: endogenous depression as an example.
Specified diagnostic criteria have been credited, in part, with improving diagnostic reliability. The authors hypothesize that nonuniform application of these criteria across different research centers has been one factor responsible for the failure to replicate research findings. For example, researchers using a narrow interpretation of the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) have found a highly significant association between endogenous depression and a positive dexamethasone suppression test result, whereas researchers using a broad interpretation have failed to find the predicted relationship. The authors used two interpretations of the RDC and DSM-III endogenous/melancholia criteria to diagnose 60 depressed patients and found significant difference in rates of diagnoses and symptoms.
Adult↗
An estimation of dental treatment needs in two groups of refugees in Sweden.
The aim of this study was to estimate dental treatment need in groups of Chilean and Polish refugees in Sweden. Of the Nordic countries, Sweden accepts the greatest number of refugees. An average of 5000 refugees arrived annually in 1981-85, increasing to 15,000 during 1986-87. Refugees and their families now comprise 93% of non-Nordic immigration. In 1981-83 a sample of 193 Chilean and 92 Polish refugees in the county of Stockholm was selected for this study. Dental treatment needs were calculated in accordance with CPITN and the working study of Swedish dentistry, which formed the basis for the Swedish scale of dental fees for the National Dental Insurance Scheme. The estimated mean treatment time (+/- SD) in the Chilean sample was 6.9 +/- 2.3 h and in the Polish group 8.4 +/- 3.0; in comparison with estimated treatment needs in a Swedish material, both would be classified as extreme risk groups. There was no correlation between the number of months in Sweden and the estimated treatment needs. The results indicate a cumulative, unmet need for dental care in these groups. Barriers to ensuring adequate health care for immigrants persist; special outreach programmes, conducted by dental health personnel, may be an effective means of introducing immigrants to the Swedish dental care system.
Adult↗