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Biomedical subjects

M Zetin

Publications and source records attributed to M Zetin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cardiovascular phase relationships to the cortical event-related potential of schizophrenic, depressed, and normal subjects.

Cardiovascular phase, especially diastole, influences attention and the event-related potential (ERP) of the right hemisphere of the brain. Depression and schizophrenia are characterized by attentional deficits, unique lateralization of brain function, and deviant phase relationships of biological oscillators. In the present study, the ERP was recorded during stimulation triggered by diastole and systole in control (n = 16), depressed (n = 16), and schizophrenic (n = 9) subjects. Fifty tones were presented and subjects were instructed to count them silently. Previous findings were supported of delayed latencies and increased amplitude in depressed patients and decreased amplitudes and delayed latencies in schizophrenics. An exaggerated effect of diastole on the ERP in the right hemisphere was observed in depressed patients, however, no cardiovascular effect on the ERP was apparent in schizophrenic patients. Results suggested that heart/brain networks are tightly coupled in normal controls, perhaps "overdriven" in depressed patients, and uncoupled in schizophrenics.

Arousal↗
PubMed1992

Obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a well-defined clinical syndrome that has been difficult to treat with standard psychotherapies and medications. Data accumulated over the last decade have demonstrated that the disorder is relatively common and frequently coexists with phobia, depression, and alcohol abuse. The authors review current studies of the spectrum of obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders that respond to the new serotonergic antidepressants and behavioral therapy. Differential diagnosis, epidemiology and comorbidity, etiology, evaluation, and psychologic and pharmacologic treatments are discussed. Most patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder require long-term treatment with drugs, but behavioral therapy has also been used successfully. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors used in the treatment of depression have been found effective; clomipramine has produced the best results in large-scale tests. The fact that serotonin reuptake inhibitors are effective as both antidepressants and antiobsessional agents suggests common biological factors in disorders that respond to these drugs.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1989

Self-reported depressive symptomatology, mood ratings, and treatment outcome in sleep disorders patients.

Based on self-rating questionnaire evaluation of symptoms of major affective disorder, 67% of patients who presented to a major sleep disorders center reported an episode of depression within the previous 5 years, and 26% described themselves as depressed at presentation. Furthermore, patients with sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or sleep-related periodic leg movements all averaged high rates of self-reported depressive symptomatology, which suggests that sleep disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis of affective disorders, and vice versa. Change scores on the Profile of Mood States were obtained for four subgroups of patients who were undergoing conventional treatment. Significant improvement in scores was observed in obstructive sleep apneics treated surgically and in patients with sleep-related periodic leg movements placed on clonazepam, but not in narcoleptics placed on a stimulant or in insomniacs with chronic use of sedative-hypnotic drugs who were withdrawn from sleep medications. Differential improvement in POMS scores after treatment for different sleep disorders could mean that the relationship to mood disturbance differs for different sleep disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Prediction of lithium dose: a mathematical alternative to the test-dose method.

A method of estimating the optimal dose of lithium is presented. The charts of 548 patients were reviewed to obtain data regarding the factors thought to affect the lithium dose, and an equation to estimate the dose was derived by stepwise multiple linear regression. The equation was also applied to 390 patients to determine the difference between the estimated and the actual dose; the mean difference was only 19 mg/day and the standard deviation was 325 mg/day. Lithium level, presence of a cyclic antidepressant, age, sex, and weight were found to be important variables for estimation of lithium dose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Topographic EEG changes with benzodiazepine administration in generalized anxiety disorder.

The regional cerebral effects of an anxiolytic (clorazepate) in 20 patients with generalized anxiety disorder were assessed using 16-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectral estimate maps of the left hemisphere. Patients were studied with double-blind random assignment to placebo or drug and were assessed at baseline, day 7, and day 14 with EEG and Hamilton Anxiety Ratings. Ten age- and sex-matched normal controls were also tested. Hamilton Anxiety Ratings were decreased significantly more in the drug group than in the placebo group. Topographic maps of EEG activity revealed decreases in occipital alpha and parietal delta, together with increases in posterior frontal (central EEG leads) and parietal beta. Decreases in delta are consistent with a lack of sedation; the reciprocal beta increases in parietal cortex are similarly consistent. This pattern of regional EEG changes in the direction of alert attentiveness, together with individual differences, observed in frontal/parietal and occipital alpha activity, suggests the importance of at least these two cortical regions for anxiolytic action. Differences between patients with generalized anxiety disorder and normals were restricted to the occipital and temporal regions. These results suggest the importance of multilead recording in assessing EEG correlates of drug action.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bioavailability of oral and intramuscular molindone hydrochloride in schizophrenic patients.

This study was designed to assess the bioequivalence of intramuscular molindone hydrochloride and marketed oral molindone. Ten schizophrenic patients (mean age, 30.2 years) received oral molindone in single daily doses of 100 or 150 mg for four to eight days followed by intramuscular molindone in single daily doses of 50 or 75 mg for four days. On the last day each molindone formulation was given, plasma samples were collected at baseline and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after administration. The pharmacokinetic measures of area under the curve and maximum concentration show that intramuscular molindone is 1.49 to 1.67 times more bioavailable than oral molindone. This finding indicates that once a patient's acute psychotic episode has been stabilized with intramuscular molindone, therapy can continue without interruption by substituting 1.5 mg of oral molindone for every 1 mg of intramuscular molindone. The time to maximum concentration occurred significantly earlier (P = 0.05) with intramuscular molindone (0.6 hours) than with oral molindone (1.1 hours). Elimination half-life values were approximately two hours for both formulations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Sex differences in inpatients with major depression.

To assess sex-related differences, 53 inpatients with major depression were evaluated with the Zung, Dempsey , and Hamilton depression scales, and part of the Beck scale. Women had more fitful sleep, easy crying, social withdrawal, agitation, somatic anxiety, gastrointestinal symptoms, genital symptoms, crying spells, constipation, and fast heartbeat. Men had more self-dislike and lack of clear mind. Differences in manifestations of major depression may account for misdiagnosis of female depressives as suffering from anxiety or functional insomnia and lead to treatment with anxiolytics rather than antidepressants. Self-dislike and mental clouding may lead male depressives to serious suicide attempts and work failures.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1983

Tolerance to amoxapine antidepressant effects.

Several patients treated with amoxapine (in dosages ranging from 50 to 300 mg/day) had excellent initial responses followed by relapse unresponsive to dose adjustment, suggesting pharmacological tolerance to its antidepressant effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A simple mathematical model for predicting lithium dose requirement.

Available methods of predicting lithium dose have been based on kinetics of a single test dose. A statistically based mathematical model was developed in which lithium dose is derived by stepwise multiple linear regression based on desired level, form of lithium, concomitant tricyclic use, age, sex, and weight. Predictions of the model were correct to within 300 mg in 66% of the 100 initial cases and within 600 mg in 94% of cases. A validation study of 112 additional cases revealed similar percentage. The simple mathematical expression derived from record review allows the clinician to calculate the relationship of steady-state lithium dosage to serum level prior to initiating treatment.

Adult↗