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Biomedical subjects

M Zelnik

Publications and source records attributed to M Zelnik.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive patterns and premarital pregnancy among women aged 15--19 in 1976.

About 780,000 teenagers experience a premarital pregnancy each year. If they weren't using contraception, an additional 680,000 would become pregnant--a total of 1,460,000. However, if all who did not want a baby were practicing contraception consistently, we could reduce the number of pregnancies by at least 313,000. Only 467,000 would become pregnant, and half of these pregnancies would be wanted.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First intercourse among young Americans.

In 1979, 50 percent of women aged 15-19 and 70 percent of men aged 17-21 living in metropolitan areas of the United States reported that they had ever had sexual intercourse. The average age at which young women had their first sexual experience was 16.2, compared with 15.7 among the men; women tended to have their first intercourse with a partner nearly three years older than themselves, whereas men had their first intercourse with a partner less than one year older. Blacks generally experienced first coitus at a younger age than did whites. Young women's first coitus generally occurred with someone toward whom the respondent felt a commitment; more than six in 10 young women said they had been going steady with or engaged to their first sexual partner. In contrast, fewer than four in 10 young men said that they had been engaged to or going steady with their first partner, and more than one in three said that they and their first partner had been friends. Young men were more than twice as likely as young women to have had first intercourse with someone they had only recently met. Seventeen percent of the young women and 25 percent of the young men surveyed said that they had planned their first intercourse; women who had been going steady with their first partner were most likely to have planned intercourse, while the young men who had met their first partner shortly before intercourse took place were the most likely to have planned the act.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sources of prescription contraceptives and subsequent pregnancy among young women.

For more than four in 10 teenage women who first obtained a prescription contraceptive from a private doctor or family planning clinic prior to pregnancy, marriage or interview in 1979, that method was the first they had ever used. Whites were over two times more likely to have previously used a nonprescription method than were blacks. Blacks, on the other hand, were two times more likely than whites to have been virgins before first using a prescription method. Slightly more than half of all young women who used a prescription method first obtained it from a family planning clinic, and the remainder got it from a private physician. Blacks were much more likely to have gone to a clinic than were whites. Nine in 10 of those who obtained a prescription method chose the pill. Among blacks, there was no appreciable difference between those who got the method from a clinic and those whose source was a private doctor. Whites who obtained their method from a private doctor, however, were somewhat more likely to choose the pill than were those who got it from a clinic. Of all who had been sexually active before ever using a prescription method, about eight out of 10 whites, but only about five in 10 blacks, had previously used a nonprescription method. Overall, there was an interval of about one year between first intercourse and the time the young women first got a prescription method. Among whites, there was no difference in parental education or family stability between clinic and private physician patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The risk of premarital first pregnancy among metropolitan-area teenagers: 1976 and 1979.

Among sexually active teenage women living in metropolitan areas of the United States, the risk of premarital pregnancy within two years of first sexual intercourse rose from 32 percent in 1976 to 36 percent in 1979. As of 1979, 33 percent of unmarried white teenagers, and 43 percent of unmarried black teenagers, had conceived within 24 months of becoming sexually active. The increase in pregnancy risk between 1976 and 1979 was relatively greater for whites than for blacks at three, six and 12 months after first intercourse. The reverse was true at later intervals. The risk of pregnancy is disproportionately concentrated in the early months of sexual activity. Forty-five percent of all premarital pregnancies among those interviewed in 1979 had been conceived within the first six months of sexual activity, and 36 percent had been conceived within three months. In 1976, 27 percent of teenagers who had become sexually active before the age of 15 were premaritally pregnant within two years. By 1979, this proportion had risen to 41 percent--a 52 percent increase in the risk that accounts for almost all of the total three-year increase in premarital pregnancies among sexually active teenagers. The most pronounced increase in risk of pregnancy was registered among whites who became sexually active when they were younger than 15. Their 24-month probability of conception rose from 20 percent in 1976 to 39 percent by 1979. Levels of risk for unwed teenagers who initiated intercourse at ages 15-19 increased relatively little.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Repeat pregnancies among metropolitan-area teenagers: 1971-1979.

A declining proportion of young women who become premaritally pregnant marry during their first pregnancy: Thirty-three percent of metropolitan-area women aged 15-19 interviewed in 1971 did so, compared to 16 percent of those interviewed in 1979. At the same time, those who do marry have a high probability of conceiving again within 24 months of the outcome of the first pregnancy: Of those surveyed in 1979, almost 50 percent did so, up from 15 percent in 1976. While a number of factors may account for the high rate of second pregnancies among married teenagers, it apparently results from less use, or less efficient use, of contraceptives. Among teenagers who experienced a premarital pregnancy and remained single, most age, race and pregnancy subgroups showed either no change in the cumulative risk of a second pregnancy within 24 months or a decline in that risk between 1976 and 1979. The most notable decline was among young women whose first pregnancy ended in abortion; an increasing proportion of premaritally pregnant women, especially those who do not marry, are included in this group. White teenagers show a small increase in the risk of a premarital second pregnancy--an exception to the decline generally noted in second pregnancies among young women who do not marry. The increase parallels rises in the proportions of those who do not use contraceptives and of those who use less effective methods following the premarital first pregnancy. The apparent increase between 1976 and 1979 in the risk of a second pregnancy both among whites who married during the first pregnancy and among those who did not is in contrast to a decrease in risk for those two groups between 1971 and 1976. Although 1979 data are not available for nonmetropolitan-area women, a comparison of second pregnancies in 1971 and 1976 indicates that the decline in risk of a second pregnancy was greater for nonmetropolitan women than for metropolitan women.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual and contraceptive experience of young unmarried women in the United States, 1976 and 1971.

The prevalence of sexual activity among never-married U.S. teenage women increased by 30 percent between 1971 and 1976; so that by age 19, 55 percent have had sexual intercourse. The increase, which has occurred at all ages and among all races, has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the use of contraception, the use of the most effective methods, and the more regular use of all methods. Nevertheless, few teenagers begin use of contraception at the same time that they initiate intercourse--and many wait until after they have experienced pregnancy.

Adolescent↗