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Biomedical subjects

M Z Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to M Z Cohen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cultivating expertise in oncology nursing: methods, mentors, and memories.

PURPOSE: To explore the development of clinical expertise and the role of mentoring experiences in this process for oncology nurses involved in direct patient care. DESIGN: Multi-institutional, descriptive, qualitative. SETTING: Six sites in different regions of the United States; rural and urban cancer and noncancer centers. SAMPLE: 38 oncology nurses (mean age = 35 years; average time in nursing = 10 years and in oncology = 7 years; 47% bachelor of science in nursing, 29% diploma, 13% associate degree in nursing, and 11% master's prepared). METHODS: Phenomenological; content analysis of interviews. FINDINGS: Development of clinical expertise and professional commitment requires a combination of protégée- and mentor-initiated behaviors. Protégée learning included reading, watching, attending, doing, asking questions, seeking peer support, seeking new opportunities, and associating with others. Mentor contributions included modeling standards and beliefs, coping effectively, explaining knowledge, and believing in, challenging, and supporting the protégée personally and professionally. The absence of mentoring also was of concern to nurses. True mentoring required on interpersonal connection and commitment between the protégée and mentor. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Mentoring enhances the development of expert nurses who combine competent clinical practice with strong interpersonal commitment to their patients and the oncology nursing profession. The benefits of mentoring outcomes for individual oncology nurses, their patients, the institutional setting, and the profession need further exploration, especially given the focus on advanced practice and healthcare reform.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The meaning of oncology nursing: a phenomenological investigation.

PURPOSE: To describe the method used in a multisite study of the meaning of oncology nursing from the oncology nurses' perspectives. DESIGN: Multi-institutional, descriptive, qualitative. SETTING: Six sites in different regions of the United States; rural and urban cancer and noncancer centers. SAMPLE: 38 oncology nurses (mean age = 35 years; average time in nursing = 10 years and in oncology = 7 years; 47% bachelor's degree in nursing, 29% diploma, 13% associate degree in nursing, and 11% master's prepared). METHODS: Phenomenological; content analysis of interviews. FINDINGS: Nurses' experiences in caring for people with cancer have many similarities despite the differences among these nurses or their work settings. These similarities are described in this supplement. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Many nurses said they had not described their experiences to interested listeners before. Providing these descriptions helped the nurses to see their work in new ways and led some of them to make changes in their personal and professional lives.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Rewards and difficulties of oncology nursing.

PURPOSE: To describe oncology nurses' perceptions of the rewards and difficulties of their work. DESIGN: Multi-institutional, descriptive, qualitative. SETTING: Six sites in different regions of the United States; rural and urban cancer and noncancer centers. SAMPLE: 38 oncology nurses (mean age = 35 years; average time in nursing = 10 years and in oncology = 7 years; 47% bachelor's degree in nursing, 29% diploma, 13% associate degree in nursing, and 11% master's prepared). METHODS: Phenomenological; content analysis of interviews. FINDINGS: Nurses described sources and origins of both job stress and satisfaction. The three most important sources of rewards were patients, co-workers, and new skills. These sources of rewards also were described as sources of difficulties. Additional sources of difficulties include lack of competent administrators, lack of time, and life stresses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses' experiences with work are shaped by both common and very individual and personal realities. Aspects that are rewarding also are difficult, and individual experiences and perceptions change the meaning of work and the needs that nurses have. Considering the findings in the context of nurses' lives may yield more fruitful approaches to providing support and resources that nurses need to be able to provide effective care for patients and their families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Experiences in children of critically ill parents: a time of emotional disruption and need for support.

The purpose of this phenomenologic study was to describe effects of a parental critical care hospitalization on the family as viewed by children. Interviews were conducted with eleven male phenomenologic techniques and showed these four major themes: (1) emotional turmoil, (2) family disruption, (3) need for support, and (4) minor illnesses. These disruptions are strong and need to be treated through nursing interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Grant writing for qualitative research.

In order to broaden understanding of the quality of qualitative grant proposals, analysis of 19 summary statements from qualitative grant proposals was conducted. This analysis showed that reviewers determined quality of proposals in terms of four themes: scientific contribution of the research; conceptual framework guiding the work; methods; and knowledge, skills, and resources available to the proposal writers. Writers' responses to the evaluations were reflected in the theme: surviving the review. This analysis suggested that reviewers of qualitative proposals recognized salient issues and were able to respond in ways that writers perceived as helpful. Qualitative research proposals that are clearly written, internally consistent, meaningful and have potential impact for the discipline of nursing are well-received.

Competitive Bidding↗
PubMed1991

Cancer clinical trials. Companion studies.

Nursing companion studies may accompany research in a variety of disciplines but most often are associated with medical research. Companion studies include "collaborative-companion" studies and "parallel-companion" studies and rely on a variety of methods. The majority of nursing companion studies have focused on the areas of treatment effects or symptoms, cancer control, and rehabilitation, however, there are many other areas that provide opportunity for independent nursing research.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Impact of adult critical care hospitalization: perceptions of patients, spouses, children, and nurses.

This phenomenologic study describes the effects of adult hospitalization in a critical care setting on the family as perceived by patients, spouses, children in the family, and nurses. Tape-recorded interviews were completed with 12 spouses, 9 patients (2 mothers and 7 fathers), 11 children, and 12 nurses. Responses were analyzed by using systematic thematic content analysis. Themes that emerged with regard to how this event affected the family unit and individuals in the family included (1) lack of communication among family members; (2) protecting children from anxiety-provoking information; (3) overriding threat, exemplified by feelings of vulnerability, uncertainty, intense emotions, and physical illness in children; (4) disruption of normal home routines; (5) changes in relationships; and (6) role conflict. Nurses' perceptions of the impact of this event on parents, spouses, and children demonstrated some incongruences with perceptions of patients and family members. Practice implications from this study include the following nursing actions: (1) eliciting more comprehensive information about relationships among family members and the impact on the family; (2) developing mechanisms to promote communication among family members; (3) making referrals to community resources such as school nurses, counselors, and chaplains; and (4) teaching nurses and parents ways to help children cope with this event.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge and presence: accountability as described by nurses and surgical patients.

Accountability was an integral part of phenomenological descriptions of 24 patients' experience of having surgery and 24 nurses' understanding of their experiences. Patients and nurses discussed two major elements, knowledge and presence, although the emphasis on categories within these elements differed. Within the element of knowledge, nurses emphasized lacking knowledge, using professional knowledge, teaching, and leadership. Patients talked most about receiving teaching and individualized knowledge. Nurses also emphasized structure and process, and patients emphasized outcomes. Within the element of presence, nurses talked most about environmental barriers and interaction, and patients emphasized attentive attitude. This view of accountability may help restructure work environments to allow nurses to meet the needs that patients perceive themselves as having.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classification of nursing interventions for care of the integument.

The Classification of Nursing Interventions research team at The University of Iowa, College of Nursing is building a taxonomy of nursing interventions that will include all of the direct care treatment activities that nurses perform on behalf of patients. This report describes the study in which 12 nursing interventions and their associated activities for care of the integument were extracted from a large database and validated through a two-round Delphi survey. Using an adaptation of Fehring's model for determining diagnostic content validity of nursing diagnoses, a definition, critical activities, and supporting activities were developed for each of the following interventions: Bathing, Bedrest Care, Hair Care, Nail Care, Oral Health Maintenance, Oral Health Promotion, Oral Health Restoration, Positioning, Pressure Management, Skin Care--Topical Treatments, Skin Surveillance, and Wound Care. Further research is needed to validate supporting activities and to continue classifying interventions and activities that nurses use in treating impaired skin integrity (potential and actual) and altered oral mucous membrane integrity (potential and actual).

Delphi Technique↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Love and work: oncology nurses' view of the meaning of their work.

Phenomenological interviews with 23 nurses and more than 200 hours of participant observation on units of one cancer hospital were conducted to obtain a better understanding of how nurses caring for patients with cancer view their work. When asked to discuss a "critical incident" that captures the essence of oncology nursing for them, most nurses described acute physiologic emergencies. A few nurses described psychosocial needs and explained how they had helped or were unable to help patients and families deal with these needs. A major theme in these incidents was how they related to the nurses' own lives. These findings suggest the need to provide nurses with support and an opportunity to discuss their work. Oncology nurses appear to be motivated by a deep concern for patients and families that creates tremendous stress when conditions such as poor staffing, excessive use of registry nurses, and unexpected crises occur. The task orientation of these nurses also seems to be based on their fundamental concern for patient welfare.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain as a metaphor for illness. Part I: Impact of cancer pain on family caregivers.

While previous research has focused on patients' or professional caregivers' perspective of pain, this study describes cancer pain from the family caregivers' perspective. Chronic pain, which is associated with malignant disease, produces an intense burden on the patient as well as on the entire family. This qualitative study included 85 family caregivers of patients with cancer pain. Data were collected using an interview guide, and verbatim responses were analyzed for themes. The results identified four themes surrounding family descriptions of pain (anatomic descriptions, hidden pain, family fear and suffering, and overwhelming/unendurable pain) and three themes surrounding family experience of pain (helplessness, coping by denying feelings, and a wish for death). This study documents the important role that family members play in cancer treatment. If the number of patients receiving care in the home from family members continues to grow, this role will become even more important. Part I of this two-part paper focuses on the impact that cancer pain has on family caregivers and concludes that pain does have a tremendous impact on the family because it is perceived as a metaphor of progressive illness and death.

Adaptation, Psychological↗