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Biomedical subjects

M Young

Publications and source records attributed to M Young.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of aromatase cytochrome P450 in rat H540 Leydig tumor cells.

The rat H540 Leydig cell tumor has been shown to express cholesterol side-chain cleavage and 17alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P450s, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase, and steroid 5alpha-reductase, making it a useful model in which to study steroidogenesis. In the current studies, we report that cultured H540 cells express high levels of aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom), which converts androgens to estrogens. Levels of aromatase activity varied from 9.4 to 51.7 pmol/h/mg protein and inhibition of 5alpha-reductase with finasteride did not significantly effect aromatase measurements, indicating that 5alpha-reductase is not competing for the substrate used in the aromatase assays. Aromatase activity was decreased 95% by preincubating the cells with 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, an aromatase inhibitor. Characterization of the aromatase mRNA expressed in the H540 cell line demonstrates that, like R2C cells and rat ovarian tissue, three distinct P450arom mRNA species are detected by Northern analysis, and that these transcripts are derived from the same site of transcription initiation. Despite these similarities, the regulation of aromatase activity by 8-bromo-cAMP in H540 cells differs from both R2C cells and rat ovarian tissue. As the H540 and R2C cell lines appear to have distinct origins, H540 is the second rat Leydig tumor cell line characterized that constitutively expresses high levels of aromatase.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does pediatric orthopedic subspecialization affect hospital utilization and charges?

In the current climate of health care reform, there is a perception that overspecialization is responsible for increased medical costs. Few studies support the premise that high-quality surgical subspecialization improves the cost effectiveness of care. The purpose of this study was to compare hospital utilization and charges between a pediatric hospital staffed by pediatric orthopedic subspecialists and a community hospital system for the care of closed femur fractures and slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in a pediatric population. We reviewed hospital charges and length-of-stay (LOS) data for all children treated for closed femoral shaft fractures and SCFE between 1992 and 1994 within the Intermountain Health Care System (IHC). Within the IHC, there are 23 community hospitals and one children's hospital (PCMC). Patients were matched for age and injury severity. Four of six orthopedic surgeons at PCMC are pediatric orthopedists, but none of the community orthopedists has subspecialty training in pediatric orthopedics. For closed femoral shaft fractures (n = 334), the average hospital charges were less (PCMC, $4,943/Other IHC, $9,031), and length of stay was shorter (PCMC, 2.81 days/Other IHC, 8.91 days) when the child was treated at the children's hospital by pediatric orthopedic subspecialists. For SCFE (n = 63), the average hospital charges were less (PCMC, $2,824/Other IHC, $3,544) and the length of stay was shorter (PCMC, 1.13 days/Other IHC, 1.64 days) at the children's hospital. These data suggest that hospital utilization and charges were significantly decreased if the care was provided by pediatric orthopedic subspecialists in a children's hospital.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A measure of mortality risk for elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The objective of this study was to derive and validate a simple scoring system that predicts risk of short-term mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to compare this derived score with the MedisGroups admission severity score. A myocardial infarction severity score (MISS) was derived from a database of clinical information abstracted using MedisGroups and follow-up information on 30-day mortality status. The MISS was validated and compared with the MedisGroups Admission Severity Groups (ASGs) in a separate database. The derivation set included 2,037 Medicare patients 65 years old or older with confirmed AMI who were randomly selected from patients discharged from hospitals in seven states during 1985. The validation set consisted of 6,323 patients from the 1988 MedisGroups comparative database who were at least 65 years of age and had confirmed AMI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found a set of nine abnormal patient characteristics that independently predict 30-day mortality. There was good agreement between mortality rates predicted by the logistic model and observed mortality rates in the validation population. This regression model was then simplified to an additive score where eight of the characteristics were weighted as one point and one characteristic was weighted as two points. The MISS is the sum of the points for each patient. In the validation dataset, the 1,373 patients with the lowest MISS scores had a mortality rate of 4.6% and the 400 patients with the highest MISS scores had a mortality rate of 64%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of dipyridamole on peritoneal clearances.

To see if oral dipyridamole increases peritoneal clearances in humans undergoing peritoneal dialysis, two types of double-blind clinical studies were undertaken. In a single-dose study, 7 patients were randomized to take dipyridamole or placebo early in a peritoneal dialysis with 2 L, hourly cycles; later in the same dialysis a crossover administration was studied. In a multidose study, 17 patients were randomized to take dipyridamole or placebo three times daily and clearance studies were performed on days 1, 4, and 8 during 2 L, hourly peritoneal dialysis cycles. Neither the single dose of dipyridamole or placebo significantly altered drainage volumes, clearances, or dialysate protein from control periods. In the multidose study, mean values on dipyridamole or placebo were not significantly changed from respective baseline predrug values. Mean values with dipyridamole and placebo usually were not significantly different. Dipyridamole did not appear to improve peritoneal clearances even with repeated ingestion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bladder endoscopy (cystoscopy): indications and most frequent findings at the Metropolitan Hospital Complex of the Social Security Fund of Panama, 1997].

We reviewed retrospectively 172 cystoscopies performed in May, 1997, at the Complejo Hospitalario de la Caja del Seguro Social. All the studies were ambulatory and under local anesthesia. The most frequent indications for the endoscopic procedures were the Prostatic Syndromes 27% (47/172), uretheral strictures 13% (22/172) and lithiasis 10%(17/172).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Related function of mouse SOX3, SOX9, and SRY HMG domains assayed by male sex determination.

Sox genes encode proteins related to each other, and to the sex determining gene Sry, by the presence of a DNA binding motif known as the HMG domain. Although HMG domains can bind to related DNA sequences, Sox gene products may achieve target gene specificity by binding to preferred target sequences or by interacting with specific partner proteins. To assess their functional similarities, we replaced the HMG box of Sry with the HMG box of Sox3 or Sox9 and tested whether these constructs caused sex reversal in XX mice. Our results indicate that such chimeric transgenes can functionally replace Sry and elicit development of testis cords, male patterns of gene expression, and elaboration of male secondary sexual characteristics. This implies that chimeric SRY proteins with SOX HMG domains can bind to and regulate SRY target genes and that potential SRY partner factor interactions are not disrupted by HMG domain substitutions. genesis 28:111-124, 2000.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Senator Hogwash.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Economics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety of budesonide inhalation suspension (Pulmicort Respules) after up to 52 weeks of treatment in infants and young children with persistent asthma.

Three open-label extension trials evaluated the safety of budesonide inhalation suspension (BIS; Pulmicort Respules) in 670 children (8 months-9 years of age) with mild-to-severe persistent asthma. Patients were randomized to receive either BIS or conventional asthma therapy (CAT) for 52 weeks. The percentage of patients who discontinued because of clinical adverse events was low and similar among the CAT (0.4%) and BIS (0.7%) groups. After adjusting for length of time in the studies, there were no clinically relevant differences between the BIS and CAT groups in the type, incidence, or intensity of adverse events; vital signs or physical examination outcomes; or changes in clinical laboratory evaluations or oral fungal cultures.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current clinical practice of induction and maintenance immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Current systemic treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma revolves around the use of interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha, often in combination with 5-fluorouracil. This article looks at the currently reported response rates for these modalities. It also looks at current practice as regards maintenance treatment, i.e. the continued therapeutic regimen following the initial response to the induction immunotherapy cycles.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How to use PSA to screen for prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer screening of asymptomatic men is not recommended by the National Screening Council at present and is not encouraged in the NHS. A number of randomised controlled trials are under way to establish the place of routine screening of asymptomatic men. We report the possible practice of prostate cancer screening with reference to the appropriate age range for screening, how to screen for prostate cancer and how often, and what constitutes an abnormal result that would merit referral to a urologist for a prostate biopsy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enzymatic formation of ascorbic acid in liver homogenate of mice fed dietary ascorbic acid.

The effect of exogenous ascorbic acid intake on enzymatic formation of ascorbic acid in mice has been studied. After the mice were on diets containing ascorbic acid for two months, the rates of ascorbic acid formation in mouse liver homogenates were measured in vitro using glucuronolactone and gulonolactone as substrate in their respective reaction systems. Exogenous ascorbic acid intake (1, 5 or 8% in the diet) was able to reduce activities of ascorbic acid synthesizing enzymes in mouse liver in either the glucuronolactone or gulonolactone system. The control mechanism for reaction of glucuronolactone to produce ascorbic acid is not stereospecific because large amounts of dietary erythorbic acid, a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid, could also reduce the rate of ascorbic acid formation when glucuronolactone was used as substrate. However, the regulation of ascorbic acid synthesis using gulonolactone as a precursor was apparently stereospecific. Dietary glucose or xylitol had no effect on activities of ascorbic acid synthesizing enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Once-daily bedtime dosing regimen of cimetidine in the treatment of gastric ulcer.

In a double-blind study of 163 patients with benign chronic gastric ulcer, 83 were randomly assigned to receive 800 mg of cimetidine once daily at bedtime for six weeks and 80 received placebo. After six weeks of treatment, the ulcers were healed in 76% of the cimetidine-treated patients and in 55% of the placebo group (P less than 0.003). Within two weeks of starting cimetidine treatment, over 60% of the patients were without daytime or nighttime pain. At six weeks. 77% of the cimetidine-treated patients and 67% of the placebo group were without daytime pain and 89% and 74% (P less than 0.05), respectively, were without nighttime pain. The proportion of pain-free nights and days increased each week in the cimetidine-treated patients. Transient and self-limited adverse experiences were reported by 13% of the cimetidine-treated patients and by 15% of the placebo group. The results achieved in the present study with a once-daily, bedtime dose of cimetidine are similar to those seen in patients given cimetidine twice and four times daily.

Adolescent↗