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Biomedical subjects

M Young

Publications and source records attributed to M Young.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Attitudes of nursing students toward patients with AIDS.

Nursing students (N = 124) voluntarily completed a questionnaire designed to measure attitudes towards patients with AIDS. The questionnaire included one of two vignettes, a prejudicial evaluation scale, and the Index of Homophobia. Results indicate that nursing students expressed a significantly more negative attitude toward the homosexual patients with AIDS. Homophobia accounted for a substantial amount of variation in the difference in expressed attitude between heterosexual and homosexual AIDS patients. The researchers recommend that nursing students and other prospective health care workers be provided educational programs dealing with AIDS which include study of homophobia and homosexuality.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Perceived acceptance and social isolation among recovering homosexual alcoholics.

The purpose of the study was to identify variables which might be associated with perceived acceptance and social isolation among recovering homosexual alcoholics. Participants (N = 126) completed a questionnaire which included the Gay Perceived Acceptance and Social Isolation Scale (PASI). Data were analyzed utilizing stepwise multiple regression. This procedure resulted in the selection of four independent variables which, as a set, accounted for more than 50% of the variation in PASI scores. Three of the four terms related to sexuality. Results indicate that resolution of conflict concerning sexuality could lead to higher PASI scores and may increase the prospects of long-term recovery from alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Neuroretinitis in cat scratch disease.

We report a patient with neuroretinitis, whose associated lymphadenopathy, exposure to cats, and strongly positive cat scratch antigen skin tests suggested the diagnosis of cat scratch disease. Cat scratch disease should be added to the list of infectious agents believed to produce the clinical picture of neuroretinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Levels of minerals in serum and urine of guinea pigs following intraperitoneal administration of ascorbate.

The effect of ascorbic acid administration on the levels of urinary and serum mineral nutrients, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn in guinea pigs has been studied. Male guinea pigs received sodium ascorbate solution (equivalent to 1 g ascorbic acid/kg body weight/day) by intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks. During the ascorbic acid treatment period, serum and urinary ascorbic acid rose markedly. The large quantities of ascorbic acid intake did not influence serum levels of all eight minerals studied when experimental values were compared with controls using the two-tailed Student's t-test. However, when the one-tailed t-test was used, serum copper and zinc levels of the experimental guinea pigs were significantly lower than their respective control values. Excepting sodium, derived from injected sodium ascorbate, no differences in daily urinary excretion of the other seven minerals were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Hospital characteristics and mortality rates.

The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) publishes hospital mortality rates each year. We undertook a study to identify characteristics of hospitals associated with variations in these rates. To do so, we obtained data on 3100 hospitals from the 1986 HCFA mortality study and the American Hospital Association's 1986 annual survey of hospitals. The mortality rates were adjusted for each hospital's case mix and other characteristics of its patients. The mortality rate for all hospitalizations was 116 per 1000 patients. Adjusted mortality rates were significantly higher for for-profit hospitals (121 per 1000) and public hospitals (120 per 1000) than for private not-for-profit hospitals (114 per 1000; P less than 0.0001 for both comparisons). Osteopathic hospitals also had an adjusted mortality rate that was significantly higher than average (129 per 1000; P less than 0.0001). Private teaching hospitals had a significantly lower adjusted mortality rate (108 per 1000) than private nonteaching hospitals (116 per 1000; P less than 0.0001). Adjusted mortality rates were also compared for hospitals in the upper and lower fourths of the sample in terms of certain hospital characteristics. The mortality rates were 112 and 121 per 1000 for the hospitals in the upper and lower fourths, respectively, in terms of the percentage of physicians who were board-certified specialists (P less than 0.0001), 112 and 120 per 1000 for occupancy rate (P less than 0.0001), 113 and 120 per 1000 for payroll expenses per hospital bed (P less than 0.0001), and 113 and 119 per 1000 for the percentage of nurses who were registered (P less than 0.0001).

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1989

An immunodeficiency characterized by defective signal transduction in T lymphocytes.

We studied a nine-year-old boy with severe, recurrent infections. The patient was exposed in utero to azathioprine and prednisone. He had autoimmune hemolytic anemia, bronchiectasis, and Hodgkin's disease. The patient's circulating lymphocytes were normal in number and phenotype, but stimulation of the T-cell receptor by antigens, mitogens, and monoclonal antibodies failed to induce interleukin-2-receptor expression, interleukin-2 synthesis, or lymphocyte proliferation. The early biochemical events necessary to initiate lymphocyte activation--accumulation of the second messenger diacylglycerol, activation of the enzyme protein kinase C, and elevation of the free intracellular calcium concentration--failed to occur in this patient's lymphocytes. The defect in the lymphocyte could be corrected in vitro by two agents that bypass the receptor-mediated signal mechanism (the diacylglycerol analogue phorbol and the calcium ionophore ionomycin). Further studies localized the defect in signal transduction to the interaction between cell-surface receptors and the guanine nucleotide-binding protein. We conclude that this patient's immunodeficiency was caused by a defective coupling of surface receptors to signal-transducing proteins in his T lymphocytes, resulting in failure of lymphocyte activation.

Calcium↗
PubMed1989

The essential nature of teichoic acids in Bacillus subtilis as revealed by insertional mutagenesis.

A 30 kb DNA segment from the region of the Bacillus subtilis strain 168 chromosome which contains most, if not all, loci specifically involved in teichoic acid biosynthesis, has been cloned. A restriction map was established to which genetic markers were assigned. Four loci, tagA, tagB, gtaA and gtaD, are located on a DNA segment of about 7 kb, whereas the gtaB locus lies some 10 kb distant. The tagA and tagB loci are apparently transcribed independently. Insertional mutagenesis, using integrational plasmids carrying relevant fragments from the tag region, provides strong evidence that biosynthesis of polyglycerol phosphate [poly(groP)], so far largely considered as a dispensable polymer, is in fact essential for growth.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1989

Intraoperative monitoring of brainstem auditory evoked potentials following emergency evacuation of a cerebellar vascular malformation.

This case report highlights the use and value of monitoring the auditory brainstem response during emergency neurosurgery. The prompt on-line changes in the auditory brainstem response after evacuation of a cerebellar arteriovenous malformation provided objective evidence of improved brainstem function, which aided in the management of this patient's disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of exogenous ascorbic acid intake on biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in mice.

The effect of exogenous ascorbic acid intake on biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in mice has been studied. After the mice were on diets containing added ascorbic acid for two months, the activities of ascorbic acid synthesizing enzymes in the mouse liver homogenates were measured using L-gulono-gamma-lactone as a substrate. Exogenous ascorbic acid intake (0.5, 1 or 5% in the diet) was able to increase the concentration of ascorbic acid in the blood and to decrease the activities of ascorbic acid synthesizing enzymes in mouse liver. The results suggest that ascorbic acid synthesis was controlled by local regulatory mechanism or by the concentration of ascorbic acid in the hepatic portal blood. Ingestion of dietary erythorbic acid, a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid, had no effect on the activities of ascorbic acid synthesizing enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Transfer of Tn1545 and Tn916 to Clostridium acetobutylicum.

Tn1545, a conjugative transposon originally discovered in Streptococcus pneumoniae, has been transferred from Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis to Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIB 8052. Transfer between different strains of C. acetobutylicum has also been observed. Insertion of Tn1545 into the C. acetobutylicum chromosome occurred at multiple sites, as shown by Southern hybridization. Although ermAM (erythromycin-resistance) was the most satisfactory marker for primary selection of transconjugants, all three Tn1545-encoded antibiotic resistance genes (aphA-3, ermAM, and tetM) were apparently expressed in C. acetobutylicum. Our results indicate that Tn1545 is potentially useful for undertaking mutagenesis and mutational cloning in this industrially important organism. Transfer of another conjugative transposon, Tn916, from E. faecalis to C. acetobutylicum NCIB 8052 was also apparently detected. Circumstantial evidence suggests that there may be a hot spot for Tn916 insertion in the C. acetobutylicum NCIB 8052 chromosome.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative analysis of the exercise tolerance test for determining the severity of coronary artery disease.

Results were compiled from the literature on the use of the exercise tolerance test to identify patients with severe coronary artery disease. Pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity were derived for the ability of the exercise tolerance test to identify three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease. There was great variability among the studies examined in the estimated sensitivity and specificity of a given criterion for severe coronary artery disease. This variability could not be explained by reported variations in study design. The findings suggest that the accuracy of the exercise tolerance test and other tests cannot be properly interpreted without much greater detail presented in the literature on patient selection and test administration.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1989

Research collaboration.

The complexity and cost of cardiovascular medical care dictate research to deliver high quality and cost-conscious cardiovascular care. This goal is aided by modeling medical decision making. To be useful, the modeling must be based on real data so that the results can serve as a guide to actual practice. It is suggested that a registry of randomized clinical trials and larger data bases in cardiovascular disease and health care delivery be established. The registry would be a resource for those desiring to model decision making. The registry would contain key words allowing retrieval by modelers accessing the registry and would contain contact information for consideration of possible collaborative work. The initiation of such a registry should contain plans for its evaluation to determine whether the registry itself is a cost-effective tool to encourage the needed research.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1989

Comparison between continuous and intermittent infusion regimens of cimetidine in ulcer patients.

The relative effectiveness of intermittent infusions and primed continuous infusions of cimetidine in the maintenance of intragastric pH greater than or equal to 4.0 was evaluated in a double-blind crossover trial in 26 patients who had active or healed gastroduodenal ulcers. During the intermittent phase, each patient received 300 mg cimetidine intravenously every 6 hours. During the continuous infusion phase, each patient was given a continuous infusion of 37.5 mg cimetidine per hour, preceded by a priming dose of 300 mg cimetidine that was given for 15 minutes. Intragastric pH was monitored continuously. During the last 12 hours of the study, the continuous infusion regimen provided 20% more time in which the pH was more [corrected] than 4.0 with 25% less medication than did the intermittent infusion regimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Metastatic epidermotropic squamous carcinoma histologically simulating primary carcinoma.

We present a case of a patient with penile squamous carcinoma and unilateral inguinal nodal involvement. Histological sections of the inguinal tumor demonstrated a basaloid (small-cell) squamous carcinoma of the type that arises from modified skin or mucosa. Multiple cutaneous lesions subsequently developed in the ipsilateral lower extremity. Biopsies revealed tumor that had the same histologic appearance as the nodal metastasis but that also showed a smooth and continuous connection with the overlying epidermis. We discuss the significance of this finding and review the pertinent literature.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1989

Pseudo-allelic relationship between non-homologous genes concerned with biosynthesis of polyglycerol phosphate and polyribitol phosphate teichoic acids in Bacillus subtilis strains 168 and W23.

A 60 kbp region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome encompassing the genes concerned with teichoic acid biosynthesis has been subjected to physical analysis. No homology was detected by Southern hybridization between DNA segments encoding the tag genes of strain 168, concerned with polyglycerol phosphate (poly(groP)) biosynthesis, and the tar genes of strain W23, concerned with polyribitol phosphate (poly-(rboP)) biosynthesis. Analysis of 168/W23 interstrain hybrids that incorporate poly(rboP) instead of poly-(groP) into their cell walls revealed that, in every case, integral substitution of the W23 tar genes for the 168 tag genes had occurred. Interstrain hybrids of the 'W23-like' type have inherited larger segments of W23 DNA than interstrain hybrids of the 'mixed' type. The tag and tar genes are located at equivalent positions on the chromosomes of strains 168 and W23, behaving, in genetic crosses, like an allelic pair. They provide the first example of a pseudo-allelic relationship between non-homologous genes in B. subtilis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Recent advances in the genetics of the clostridia.

Several laboratories around the world have started work on genetic analysis of clostridia. Interest in this diverse group of anaerobic organisms has grown with increasing awareness of the benefits that may accrue from their biotechnological exploitation. Research to date has focussed on construction of shuttle vectors containing replicons from clostridial and streptococcal plasmids, development of methods for transferring genes, and molecular cloning of genes--especially those involved in toxigenicity, fermentative metabolism and polysaccharide utilization. In selected species gene transfer by protoplast transformation, electroporation and conjugation has been accomplished and transposable elements have been introduced. It can be anticipated that our understanding of the molecular biology of these interesting organisms will grow rapidly in the future, bringing with it improved prospects for rational biotechnological exploitation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Area specific self-esteem scales and substance use among elementary and middle school children.

The relationship between self-esteem and the use and expected use of legal and illegal drugs was examined. Students in grades four-nine (n = 2,032) representing 16 schools from Arkansas completed an anonymous questionnaire concerning self-esteem and drug use. Results indicated statistically significant differences both for home self-esteem and school self-esteem on 18 or 19 measures of use and expected use. Results for peer self-esteem showed no differences for any of 19 measures. Results suggest including area specific self-esteem enhancement as a potentially important part of comprehensive drug education programs. Findings also highlight the role parents and teachers may play by promoting self-esteem at home and school.

Adolescent↗