Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Yoshimoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Yoshimoto.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Case of 46,XX/47,XY, +21 chimerism in a newborn infant with ambiguous genitalia.

We describe whole-body chimerism in a newborn infant with small phallus, pseudo-vaginal perineal hypospadias, and a bifid scrotum containing gonads. The human testis determining factor gene (SRY) was detected by PCR amplification. GTG-banding chromosome analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts derived from right cubital skin showed a 46,XX/47,XY, +21 karyotype. Their ratios in each cell line were 294:5 and 178:7, respectively. QFQ-banding chromosome analysis documented 3 heteromorphic satellites on trisomic chromosomes 21 in the 47,XY, +21 cell line and a homozygous satellite pattern in the 46,XX cell line. Heteromorphic patterns of chromosomes 4, 13, 14, and 22 were also different between the two cell lines. To our knowledge, such disomy/trisomy chimeras have not been described previously.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1994

[Our experience with breast conservation].

In the Cancer Institute Hospital, two kinds of breast conservation have been adopted. Q + Ax is applied for cancers at the upper--outer quadrant and LUART is applied for those at other quadrants. The method, clinical matters, pathological findings and results are discussed together with the LUART of the national BCT group study funded by the Japanese Ministry of Welfare.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding an unrecognized component of amyloid in Alzheimer disease.

A neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) is a widespread amyloid deposition. We analyzed the entire amino acid sequences in an amyloid preparation and found, in addition to the major beta/A4-protein (A beta) fragment, two unknown peptides. We raised antibodies against synthetic peptides using subsequences of these peptides. These antibodies immunostained amyloid in neuritic and diffuse plaques as well as vascular amyloid. Electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that the immunostaining was localized on amyloid fibrils. We have isolated an apparently full-length cDNA encoding a 140-amino-acid protein within which two previously unreported amyloid sequences are encoded in tandem in the most hydrophobic domain. We tentatively named this 35-amino acid peptide NAC (non-A beta component of AD amyloid) and its precursor NACP. NAC is the second component, after A beta, identified chemically in the purified AD amyloid preparation. Secondary structure predictions indicate that the NAC peptide sequence has a strong tendency to form beta-structures consistent with its association with amyloid. NACP is detected as a M(r) 19,000 protein in the cytosolic fraction of brain homogenates and comigrates on immunoblots with NACP synthesized in Escherichia coli from NACP cDNA. NACP mRNA is expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver, suggesting its ubiquitous and brain-specific functions. The availability of the cDNA encoding full-length NACP should help to elucidate the mechanisms of amyloidosis in AD.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1993

Time dependency of the influence of prognostic factors on relapse in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: A number of factors concerning the prognosis of cancer patients have been reported, but the evaluation of individual factors is not always consistent. The author considered that the discrepancies may lie in part in that factors may have a changing influence on relapse with time. The present study was intended to reveal the phenomenon and its clinical significance in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: Eleven pathological prognostic factors in 462 patients with primary breast cancer were analysed with special reference to the influence on relapse and its changes with time. The Cox regression analysis was performed for whole and three stratified non-overlapping observation period (within 2, 2-5 and 5 years more), using factors including extent of nodal involvement (N), nuclear grade (NG), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), tumor size, fat infiltration (F) and others. RESULTS: Cox regression analysis for whole observation period showed N followed by NG, TIL, F and others as the most important factors on relapse. But the analysis performed for 3 stratified intervals revealed that the influence on relapse decreased with time for N and NG, but tended to increase with time for F. The suppressive effect of TIL on relapse was not evident up to 2 years but was significantly emphasized after 2 years postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, a distinct time-dependency with varied patterns was found in the influence of some prognostic factors on relapse, which implies the assessment of prognostic factors may vary according to the length of the observation period.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Cytoarchitecture, fiber connections, and ultrastructure of the nucleus pretectalis superficialis pars magnocellularis (PSm) in carp.

The cytoarchitecture, fiber connections, and ultrastructure of the nucleus pretectalis superficialis pars magnocellularis (PSm) were studied in cypriniform teleosts (Cyprinus carpio). The PSm is an oval nucleus in the pretectum. Medium-sized cells and synaptic glomeruli are the main components of the nucleus. A lesser number of small cells are also present. Most of the medium-sized cells form one or two cell layers on the periphery of the nucleus, and some cells are scattered among synaptic glomeruli in the nucleus. Cell bodies in the peripheral cell layer are pyriform and sprout a thick dendrite directed inward. The dendrite gives off fine dendritic branches, which are postsynaptic elements in synaptic glomeruli. The PSm projects to the ipsilateral corpus mamillare (CM) and sends collaterals to the ipsilateral nucleus lateralis valvulae (NLV). Axons of the PSm neurons have terminals with many varicosities in the CM, and collaterals in the NLV have cup-shaped terminals around the cell bodies of the NLV neurons. Following horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections into the PSm, HRP-labeled cells are found ipsilaterally in the optic tectum, the nucleus tractus rotundus of Schnitzlein, and the nucleus ruber of Goldstein. The tecto-PSm projections are topographically organized. The rostral optic tectum projects mainly to the rostral portion of the PSm, and the caudal tectum projects to the caudal portion of the PSm. The ventral tectum sends fibers mainly to the ventral part of the PSm. The dorsomedial tectum projects to the medial part of the PSm, and the dorsolateral tectum projects to the lateral part of the PSm. Tectal projection neurons to the PSm are of only one type. The tectal cell body is pyriform and is situated in the superficial part of the ipsilateral stratum periventriculare (SPV). The tectal neurons have a long perpendicular dendrite, which branches out in the stratum opticum (SO). An axon emerges from the branching site in the SO. Judging from the dendritic branching pattern of the tectal projection neurons, we concluded that the PSm receives visual information from the optic tectum.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Expression of MMP-7(PUMP-1) mRNA in human colorectal cancers.

The expression of MMP-7 (pump-1) gene was examined in 10 cases of colorectal cancer by utilizing RT-PCR. In 9 out of 10 cases, MMP-7 mRNA was detected in cancerous tissue, whereas none was detected in adjacent normal colon tissue. However, this message was detected in only 1 out of 6 colon-cancer cell lines. In colonic mucosa from 3 patients with ulcerative colitis it was not detected. The expression of MMP-2 (72-kDa type-IV collagenase) mRNA was also investigated in the same tissue samples, and was detected in all samples, including cancerous and non-cancerous tissue. Our data suggest that MMP-7 is expressed in a tumor-associated manner in colorectal cancers and may play a role in tumor progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Membrane transport of tetraphenylphosphonium and its homologues through the planar phospholipid bilayer: concentration dependence and mutually competitive inhibition in membrane passive transport.

The concentration dependence and mutually competitive inhibition in the membrane transport of the lipophilic cations tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) and its homologues were studied by use of a planar phospholipid bilayer. The current-voltage characteristics were analyzed by use of a model developed by Ketterer et al. (J. Membr. Biol. 1971, 5, 225-245). The conductance at 0 mV [G(0)], which represents the transport ability, increased with an increase in concentration, and the G(0) values revealed saturation at higher concentrations. The relationship between G(0) and concentration was well fitted to a Michealis-Menten-type equation with a saturable component (maximum conductance [G(0)max] and concentration yielding one-half of G(0)max[Km]). The G(0)max and Km values were calculated to be 4.1 x 10(-8)-242 x 10(-8) S/cm2 and 13-489 microM, respectively, depending on the lipophilic cations used. The G(0) values normalized by the corresponding G(0)max values were plotted against the concentrations normalized by the corresponding Km values. Normalized curves for TPP+ homologues were all superimposed on a single curve. The mechanism for the saturation of G(0) values may involve the adsorption of TPP+ homologues to a planar phospholipid bilayer, because the Km values calculated in the present study were comparable to those for adsorption to phosphatidylcholine liposomes. We further determined the mutual inhibition of membrane transport by these homologues. Tetraphenylmethylphosphonium at 1 mM, a concentration threefold higher than the Km value for this compound, reduced the G(0) for other TPP+ homologues by 38-55%, whereas reduction by 10 mM tetraethylammonium was minimal. The type of inhibition was classified as mutually competitive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diffusion↗
PubMed1993

Clinical course and outcome of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in Japanese children.

We retrospectively studied 12 Japanese children (8 boys, 4 girls) with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), aged 2.9-15.8 (mean 7.7) years at onset. All patients were identified through either screening or a routine urinalysis; proteinuria was present in all, haematuria, which was macroscopic in 4, in 11. Three had nephrotic syndrome (NS) at or soon after onset. Stages on electron microscopy, performed in 10 patients, were I in 3, II in 5 and III in 2. Steroids alone or with cyclophosphamide were administered to 5 patients, including the 3 patients showing NS. Complete remission of proteinuria occurred in 8 patients 0.3-1.6 (mean 0.6) years after onset, and proteinuria did not recur. After a follow-up of 1.6-11.6 (mean 5.9) years, these 8 patients were in complete remission and the remaining 4 had only mild proteinuria; none had hypertension or impaired renal function. Thus, we infer that IMN in Japanese children may have a better course and outcome than IMN in non-Japanese children. Based on a comparative study of Japanese (previously reported cases added to ours) and non-Japanese (mostly Caucasian) children with IMN, this was confirmed; it is possible that steroid therapy in Japanese patients is more effective in inducing remission of NS and preserving renal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Multicenter study with recombinant human erythropoietin.

A multicenter study with recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) was carried out. Of 172 hemodialysis patients with anemia selected for the study from 20 hospitals and clinics, 77 were males and 95 females (mean age 53.9 years). A starting dose of 1,500 U of rh-EPO (Epoetin beta) was administered intravenously at the end of every dialysis session. If the efficacy was not acceptable, the dose was increased to 3,000 U. When the target hematocrit was achieved (30%), the total dose was decreased. The results of the study were excellent relative to those of other multicenter studies with regard to efficacy, safety, and changes in laboratory data. The incidence of hypertension was lower in our study compared with other reports because we used a low initial dose. The efficacy of rh-EPO therapy was determined earlier and more reliably by reticulocytes than by hematocrit or hemoglobin. Prompt iron supplement therapy is recommended with careful observation of serum iron and ferritin.

Anemia↗
PubMed1993

Sequence of a variant thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in a family with partial TBG deficiency in Japanese (TBG-PDJ).

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is the major transport protein of thyroid hormones in human serum. In this communication, we present a sequence abnormality of the TBG-gene in a Japanese family manifesting partial TBG deficiency (TBG-PDJ). The propositus was a male with a reduced concentration of TBG (3.2 micrograms/ml). Thyroid function tests suggested that the inheritance of this TBG abnormality was X-linked. The TBG exhibited increased heat-lability compared with the common type TBG (TBG-C). The isoelectric focusing pattern of this TBG molecule was indistinguishable from TBG-C. Genomic DNAs from white blood cells of four members of a TBG-PDJ family were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the products were sequenced. The sequencing of the entire coding exons and exon/intron junctions of TBG allele of the propositus revealed a single nucleotide substitution: CCT (proline) to CTT (leucine) at amino acid 363 of the TBG-C. The heterozygosity as revealed by the direct sequencing of the PCR product correlated with the TBG concentration in serum. The proline to leucine substitution may cause a change in the TBG tertiary structure and result in decreased heat stability, resulting in decreased TBG levels in the affected subjects.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

EPO test in hemodialysis patients.

It is well known that red blood cell (RBC) and reticulocyte counts increase when anemic hemodialysis patients receive repeated administrations of recombinant human erythropoietin(rh-EPO). However, the early response of reticulocyte has not been reported precisely. In this study, reticulocyte counts and its fractions were observed in 8 maintenance hemodialysis patients after a single intravenous administration of 60 u/Kg of rh-EPO. The peripheral blood cells taken from the patients were stained with auramine 0, which bound to RNA and caused fluorescence. R-1000 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) analyzed the reticulocytes and classified the stained cells into three groups by the intensity of fluorescence. The number of highly fluorescent reticulocyte, which was young and large, increased and reached its highest level on day 4 after a single administration of rh-EPO. The reticulocyte counts paralleled these changes, but RBC counts did not change after administrations of rh-EPO. These data suggest that the observation of reticulocytes and its fractions in hemodialysis patients after a single administration of rh-EPO could tell us whether reticulocytes are responsive to rh-EPO or not, and this could be called as EPO test.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Time-dependent interrelationships between pathological prognostic factors and relapse rate in breast cancer patients].

Eleven pathological factors among 462 patients with primary breast carcinoma (1960-1968) were analysed paying a special attention to changes of the influence on relapse. Factors were included; tumor size (T), extent of nodal involvement (N), nuclear grade (NG), fat infiltration (F), tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL), tumor necrosis (NEC), lymphatic & vessel permeation (LY) and others. Cox regression analysis on 3 non-overlapping intervals (within 2 years, 2-5 years and after 5 years) using the seven factors selected by Cox analysis in the whole periods under the condition of p < 0.10 showed that significant factors were N, NG and T within 2 years, N, TIL, NG and NEC in 2-5 years, F, N, TIL and T after 5 years, respectively (p < 0.05), in the following order. TIL means the relapse suppressing factor and others mean relapse factors. As for the changes of beta value, it decreased with time for N and NG, but contrarily increased with time for F. This means that N and NG participate mainly in an early relapse and F mainly in a delayed relapse. TIL showed a significant relapse suppressing factor only after 2 years. These results revealed that prognostic factors have its altered influence on relapse with time, namely a distinct time-dependency.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Visual and infrared input to the same dendrite in the tectum opticum of the python, Python regius: electron-microscopic evidence.

In snakes with infrared receptors, the optic tectum receives input from both the visual and the infrared senses. We investigated the infrared and optic fiber terminations in the tectum with a combination of horseradish peroxidase and degeneration labeling. In addition to synapses by visual and infrared fibers onto individual neurons, we were able to observe for the first time visual and infrared synapses on one and the same dendrite.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Molecular evolution of human paramyxoviruses. Nucleotide sequence analyses of the human parainfluenza type 1 virus NP and M protein genes and construction of phylogenetic trees for all the human paramyxoviruses.

The nucleotide sequences of the NP and M genes of human parainfluenza type 1 virus (HPIV-1) were determined. The NP gene was 1677 nucleotides long excluding polyadenylic acid. The NP gene contained a single large open reading frame (ORF), which encoded a polypeptide of 524 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 57,736. The M gene 1173 nucleotides long excluding the poly(A) tract and the sequence also contained a single large ORF which encoded a polypeptide of 348 amino acid with a molecular weight of 38,445, which was inconsistent with 28 kDa previously determined by SDS-PAGE. We aligned the deduced HPIV-1 NP and M protein sequences with 12 and 13 other paramyxoviruses, respectively, suggesting that a common tertiary structure was found in the NPs or Ms of HPIV-1, Sendai virus (SV), HPIV-3 and BPIV-3 and that other common structure was also maintained in these proteins of HPIV-2, SV 41 and 5, MuV, HPIV-4. Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the NP and M proteins of all the paramyxoviruses of which nucleotide sequences had been previously reported. Paramyxoviruses could be subdivided into two groups, i.e., PIV-1 group and PIV-2 group; the former group is composed of HPIV-1, SV, HPIV-3 and BPIV-3, and the latter group consists of HPIV-2, SV 41, SV 5, MuV, HPIV-4 A and HPIV-4 B.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Growth retardation due to idiopathic growth hormone deficiencies: MR findings in 24 patients.

In this study we evaluated the pituitary-hypothalamic abnormalities of "idiopathic growth hormone (GH) deficiency" as demonstrated by MR imaging. Twenty-four patients were examined with a 1.5-T unit using spin echo T-1 weighted images. The patients were divided into two groups according to MR findings: those with ectopic posterior pituitary glands (12 patients), and those with normal posterior pituitary glands (12 patients). Ten patients in the former group and four in the latter group had small anterior pituitary glands. All patients in the former group but only four in the latter group had severe GH deficiencies. Multiple hormone deficiencies were found in eight patients in the former group, but in only two in the latter group. Among the 12 patients with posterior pituitary ectopia, 11 were males, 10 had been born by breech delivery, and four had a history of asphyxia. It is speculated that perinatal abnormalities can cause posterior pituitary ectopia and that there is a close correlation between breech delivery and the male disadvantage of posterior pituitary ectopia. Half of our patients with "idiopathic GH deficiency" had ectopic posterior pituitaries. GH deficiency with posterior pituitary ectopia should no longer be considered idiopathic because organic lesions can now be identified during life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Changes in retinal projections and ganglion cell morphology after unilateral enucleation in the common carp.

Changes in retinal projections and ganglion cell morphology were studied in one-eyed individuals of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, which were enucleated at a juvenile stage (within 6 months after hatching) and kept for 18 months after the operation. Gross examination of the brains showed a marked atrophy of the contralateral optic tectum and a fine attenuated optic tract ipsilateral to the remaining eye. All retinal recipient areas were bilateral, but numerous projections were heavier contralaterally. Terminal branches in the recipient areas showed more complex patterns with tortuous courses and larger numbers of terminal swellings than in normal animals. Total numbers and distribution patterns of ganglion cells in Nissl-stained retinal whole mounts of one-eyed carp were compared with those in normal carp. The total number of ganglion cells was estimated to be 14 x 10(4)-18 x 10(4) in both one-eyed and normal carp. No difference was observed in isodensity maps and soma area histograms between one-eyed and normal carp. Following injections of horseradish peroxidase and nuclear yellow into the optic tectum of each side, three different types of tectal projecting ganglion cells were observed in the remaining retina: contralaterally projecting (CP) cells, ipsilaterally projecting (IP) cells, and bilaterally projecting (BP) cells. The distribution pattern of CP and BP cells in the retina suggested normal retinotopy. However, BP cells were found in a more restricted zone within the CP cell distribution area. The IP cells had a tendency to be scattered sparsely in a wide central area and a dorsal quadrant of the retina. No IP or BP cells were found in the peripheral retina. The time course and morphological changes in axons of these cells are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The selachian terminal nerve].

In order to clarify morphology and function(s) of the terminal nerve, gross examinations of the nerve were carried out in 9 species of selachians. The terminal ganglion was observed light- and electron-microscopically. FMRF-amide immunoreactivity of the terminal nerve was also examined in some species. The results were as follows: 1) The terminal nerve was divided into peripheral and central branches by interposed ganglion(s). Macroscopically, the peripheral branch appeared from an area between the nasal sac and the olfactory bulb. The central branch entered the telencephalon from either the rostral, dorsal, or ventral surface. The position seemed to differ from species to species. 2) The terminal nerve showed great species differences and individual variations in the macroscopic morphology, such as number and course of the peripheral branch, position, size and number of ganglia, and telencephalic areas where the central branch entered. Even in the same individual, there was a difference in left and right sides. 3) According to general histology, the ganglion was encapsulated and had no direct connection with the telencephalon through the capsule, even when the ganglion was situated on the telencephalon. The Bodian preparations showed that most ganglion cells were unipolar, and a few were bipolar or pseudounipolar. 4) All ganglion cells and the processes were FMRF-amide immunoreactive. Immunoreactive fibers of the central branch terminated in the septal and preoptic areas. FMRF-amide immunoreactive cells were also found in the olfactory nerves or the septal area of the telencephalon in some species. These neurons were thought to be ectopic ganglion cells. 5) Neuronal somata and the axons in the ganglion contained large dense cored vesicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗