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Biomedical subjects

M Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to M Yoshida.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Clinical efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium for respiratory infections in patients with lung cancer].

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) was administered to 102 patients with respiratory tract infections and lung cancer. Patients with other serious diseases were excluded and a total of 73 patients were enrolled. They were divided into 12 patients who underwent surgery (operated group) and 61 who did not (non-operated group); the latter group included 28 patients treated with anticancer agents or radiation therapy (treated group) and 33 untreated patients (untreated group). IPM/CS was effective in 75% of the patients, both with and without surgery. The drug was effective in 81% of the treated group, although many of the patients had Stage III or more advanced cancer, as well as bronchial occlusion. IPM/CS was also effective in 69% of the untreated group, although many of the patients have serious infections and a PS (Performance Status) of 3 or greater. Thus, IPM/CS treatment achieved good results. Bacteriological studies showed that 3 out of 4 strains in the operated group and 16 out of 18 in the non-operated group were eliminated. Safety was evaluated in all patients. Two patients (2%) experienced side effects and two others (2%) showed abnormal clinical findings, but the symptoms were mild and resolved after discontinuation or completion of therapy. In conclusion, IPM/CS was very effective for treating respiratory infections in patients with lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Low dose inhalation of nitric oxide in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases].

We studied the effect of inhalation of various concentrations of nitric oxide (NO)(2 ppm, 5 ppm, and 10 ppm) on the pulmonary circulation and on arterial oxygenation in 11 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inhalation of 2 ppm of NO resulted in values of mean pulmonary arterial pressure significantly lower than those measured while breathing room air only (24.1 +/- 1.7 vs 20.7 +/- 1.7 mmHg, p < 0.00001). The decrease in pulmonary artery pressure associated with inhalation of 2 ppm NO was only slightly less than the decrease associated with 10 ppm; the difference between the two was not considered to be clinically relevant. The pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly lower during inhalation of 2 ppm NO than during inhalation of room air only (495 +/- 40 vs 382 +/- 34 dyne.sec/cm5, p < 0.00001); the effects of inhaling 2 ppm and 10 ppm did not differ significantly. the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood was significantly lower after inhalation of 2 ppm NO than of baseline (61.1 +/- 2.3 vs 57.6 +/- 2.2 mmHg, p < 0.01). These results show that inhalation of NO worsens arterial oxygenation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

[The alteration of PyNPase activity in breast cancers due to preoperative oral administration of 5'-DFUR].

To estimate the alteration of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PyNPase) activity by 5'-DFUR, we determined its activity in the breast tissue of two patient groups. Group A (21 patients) were given 5'-DFUR (mean 9,000 mg) preoperatively, and group B (21 patients) were given no anticancer agents. There were no significant differences between the groups in background factors such as age, clinical stage and pathological features. Comparison of PyNPase activity in both groups among specimens of carcinoma, normal breast glands and lymph nodes revealed that the activity in carcinomas and lymph nodes was significantly higher than in normal breast glands. Comparison of group A with group B showed that group A had lower activity in carcinomas and lymph nodes than in group B, although the difference was not significant. An inter-group comparison of carcinomas was made in detail by subgrouping according to age and pathological features. In group B, PyNPase activity in older patients (> or = 50 y.o) was significantly higher than in younger patients (< 50 y.o), and papillotubular carcinomas had significantly lower activity than solid tubular and scirrhous carcinomas. However, in group A these data could not be determined. These results suggest that PyNPase activity in group A was possibly decreased by 5'-DFUR.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Laparoscopic diagnosis of appendicovesical fistula in a pediatric patient.

Appendicovesical fistula is a rare complication of acute appendicitis in children that is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. A 21-month-old boy with signs and symptoms of recurrent urinary tract infections underwent abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), barium enema examination, and cystography, none of which was sufficient to establish a diagnosis; an appendicovesical fistula was demonstrated by laparoscopy. The patient underwent open appendectomy, with resection of the fistula through a small incision, and has recovered without complications.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1997

HTLV-1 Tax protein interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16Ink4a and counteracts its inhibitory activity to CDK4.

Tax, a regulatory protein of HTLV-1, is an oncoprotein which immortalizes human T-cells and induces tumors in transgenic mice. Here, we found that Tax binds to a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p16Ink4a. p16Ink4a binds to cyclin-dependent kinases, CDK4 and CDK6, and inhibits their activity, resulting in suppression of G1 phase progression. The binding of Tax to p16Ink4a induced a reduction of p16Ink4a/CDK4 complex, with subsequent activation of CDK4 kinase. Tax also suppressed p16Ink4a-mediated inhibition of cell growth. The p16Ink4a gene was frequently deleted in many T-cell lines, but not in HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. Taking these findings together, the functional inactivation of p16Ink4a by Tax through protein-protein interaction is suggested to contribute to cellular immortalization and transformation by HTLV-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Assessment of radiotherapy effects on brain tumors by dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging].

Dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging(DSC MRI) was performed on eleven patients with brain tumors before and after radiotherapy. Their confirmed diagnoses were as follows: hemangioendothelioma(n = 1), meningioma(n = 1), low grade astrocytoma(n = 1), glioblastoma(n = 2), and brain metastasis(n = 6). The purpose of this study is to determine whether this technique is clinically useful for monitoring radiotherapeutic effect on brain tumors. Region of interest(ROI) analyses were performed on both the brain tumor and the contralateral normal area to evaluate the therapeutic effect semiquantitatively. The calculated subtraction images, rCBV maps, were also produced for the visual evaluation of the change of tumor vascular beds. The results showed that DSC MRI was clinically useful because of the capability to offer additional functional information.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Lipopolysaccharide and cytokines enhance bradykinin-stimulated production of PGI2 by cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

We have examined the bradykinin (BK)-stimulated production of prostacyclin (PGI2) by cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) pretreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) or interferon gamma (IFN gamma). BK from 0.01 to 1 microM induced a dose-dependent increase in PGI2 production by HPASMC. A striking increase in PGI2 production in response to BK was observed in HPASMC which had been incubated with 1 microgram/ml LPS, 20 U/ml IL-1 beta, 50 U/ml TNF alpha or 100 U/ml IFN gamma. After incubation with various concentrations of LPS or cytokines, the production of PGI2 by BK-stimulated HPASMC showed significant, dose-dependent increases beginning at 0.1 microgram/ml of LPS, 2 U/ml of IL-1 beta and 5 U/ml of TNF alpha, while higher concentrations of IFN gamma failed to cause any further increase in PGI2 production. Our results indicate that BK is a potent agonist to stimulate HPASMC to produce PGI2. LPS, IL-1 beta and TNF alpha effectively enhanced BK-stimulated production of PGI2 by HPASMC, while IFN gamma had only a weak effect on BK-stimulated PGI2 production. Bradykinin-induced enhancement of PGI2 production by LPS, IL-1 beta and TNF alpha might be involved in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tension and prevent a paradoxical thrombogenic effect in endotoxin- or cytokine-mediated inflammation and acute lung injury. These experimental results suggest that vascular smooth muscle cells might actively control the vascular tension and blood supply by producing PGI2 in response to an agonist such as BK.

Bradykinin↗
PubMed1997

[Treatment of prostate cancer by radiotherapy].

Fifty-seven patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated by radical prostatectomy or external radiation therapy following pelvic lymphadenectomy. Comparing the outcome of radiotherapy with that of prostatectomy in 42 T2 patients without lymph node metastasis, the 5-year cause-specific survival did not differ between the radical prostatectomy group (n = 31) and radiotherapy group (n = 11). The 5-year disease-free survival of the prostatectomy group, however, was superior to that of radiotherapy group (p = 0.01). To cure patients with T2 prostate cancer, therefore, it is supposed that radical prostatectomy should be performed. To improve the treatment outcome after radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery for prostate cancer has been attempted in our institution. Phantom experiments using a linear accelerator demonstrated a round dose distribution, and high reproducibility of prostate positioning was confirmed by CT when a thermoplastic immobilization device was used to fix the pelvis. In one patient with localized prostate cancer treated by radiosurgery, acute complication has not been recognized during the 5 week follow-up. Radiosurgery may be available to treat clinically localized prostate cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

[Surgical treatment of aortic dissection (Stanford type A) using hypothermic retrograde cerebral perfusion in patients older than 70 years of age].

Since 1991, 27 consecutive patients with aortic dissection (Stanford A) have been operated on using deep hypothermic retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP). There were no differences in ECC time (247 +/- 15 vs 307 +/- 22 min), and RCP time (47 +/- 2 vs 47 +/- 3 min) between the aged (> or = 70 y.o., n = 11) and non-aged (< 70 y.o., n = 16) group. Although the aged group showed the higher incidences of postoperative neurological complications of prolonged emergence (2 cases) and delirium (3 cases), respiratory disorder (3 cases), and renal dysfunction (3 cases), there was no significant difference in hospital mortality (18% in the aged vs 13% in the non-aged). We concluded that RCP is well acceptable procedure for surgical treatment of the aged patients with aortic dissection.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

The effects of combined treatments with low hyperthermia and bleomycin on survivals of murine L cells.

Modification effects of low hyperthermia (40 degrees C) on cellular chemosensitivity to bleomycin (BLM), and of BLM on thermosensitivity (40 degrees C) were investigated in cultured murine L cells with simultaneous or sequential treatments of these two agents. The heating of L cells at 40 degrees C up to 6 hours resulted in no remarkable lethal damage. Treatment with low hyperthermia followed by BLM for 4 hours showed no more than additive effect. However, a significant chemical (BLM) enhancement effect on the cellular thermosensitivity was observed by the treatment with BLM for 4 hours prior to the low hyperthermia at 40 degrees C. No appreciable thermal enhancement effect on the cellular chemosensitivity to BLM was shown by preheating at 40 degrees C for 3 hours, while post-heating at 40 degrees C showed a significant thermal enhancement effect as well as in the simultaneous treatments. The cell phase response to BLM was levelled in the clinical range of the doses. It is possible that the repair of sublethal damage (SLDR) from treatment with BLM was inhibited by 40 degrees C post-heating and this SLDR was completed at 3 hours of the interval at 37 degrees C between BLM and 40 degrees C heating.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan measurement by the kinetic turbidimetric Limulus test, for the clinical diagnosis of mycotic infections.

The present multicentre clinical study was conducted to assess the clinical utility of a new diagnostic method for deep mycosis in which (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, a fungal cell wall component existing in plasma, was quantitatively measured by the kinetic turbidimetric Limulus test (WB003). Plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan concentrations were 0.57 +/- 0.10 microgram/l in 92 healthy subjects and 0.62 +/- 0.32 microgram/l in 26 patients with non-mycotic diseases (disease control group). In comparison with these healthy subjects and patients with non-mycotic diseases, patients with mycosis had significantly higher plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan concentrations: 19.63 +/- 73.28 micrograms/l in 12 patients with candidaemia, 11.28 +/- 21.42 micrograms/l in 7 patients with urinary Candida infection, 4.84 +/- 12.71 micrograms/l in 5 patients with pulmonary candidiasis, and 12.21 +/- 31.31 micrograms/l in 4 patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. On the statistical analysis of these data, a cut-off value was set at 1.0 microgram/l. Using this cut-off value, 3 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and 4 patients (4/6) with pulmonary aspergilloma were all negative with low plasma (1-->3-beta-D-glucan levels. The test WB003 provided equivalent or higher efficiency of diagnosis of candidiasis and aspergillosis, in comparison with commercially available antigen detection kits, demonstrating its utility as a diagnostic reagent. It may also be useful in assessing therapeutic effectiveness when used periodically after treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Rupture of a dissecting aneurysm into the superior vena cava in Marfan's syndrome.

Aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta with subsequent dissection or rupture occurs frequently in patients with Marfan's syndrome. These complications are among the major causes of death. We report the case of a 51-year-old man with annulo-aortic ectasia in Marfan's syndrome. Acute aortic dissection and rupture into the superior vena cava occurred 8 years after aortic valve replacement. The preoperative diagnosis was made by right heart catheterization and computed tomography. A markedly increased left-to-right shunt occurred with rapid enlargement of the fistula due to the fragility of the aortic wall characteristic of Marfan's syndrome. Postmortem examination demonstrated severe medial necrosis with rupture of the aortic wall into the superior vena cava which was adherent to the suture line of the aortotomy from the previous surgery. Type A aortic dissection with severe congestive heart failure strongly suggested rupture into the pulmonary circulation.

Aortic Dissection↗