[Leptomycin: a specific inhibitor of protein nuclear export].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Yoshida
Publications and source records attributed to M Yoshida.
[Primary lung cancer (adenocarcinoma) associated with cardiac sarcoidosis].
A 56-year-old woman who had been given oral prednisolone for iridocyclitis by an ophthalmologist received a diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis on the basis of transbronchial lung biopsy findings, and began receiving therapy at our hospital on an outpatient basis. Chest X-ray films disclosed hilar lymphadenopathy in both lungs. In addition, Holter electrocardiograms detected ventricular premature beat (Lown 4B) and echocardiograms detected reduced left ventricular wall motion with dilatation of the left ventricular chamber. Cardiac sarcoidosis developed in the patient. She was admitted to our hospital because of shortness of breath on exertion. Chest X-ray films on admission disclosed a large nodular heterogeneous mass in the right upper lobe. Histologically, transbronchial lung biopsy specimens of the mass disclosed an adenocarcinoma. Although lung cancer and sarcoidosis are common, their coexistence in the same patient is not. Furthermore, the coexistence of lung cancer with cardiac sarcoidosis, as in this case, is very rare.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Comparison of leukopenia between cytarabine and behenoyl cytarabine in JALSG AML-89 consolidation therapy. The Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group.
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Adult↗
Measuring respiration of cultured cell with oxygen electrode as a metabolic indicator for drug screening.
New trend in methods for assessing pharmacological action to bacteria and cell is to measure their metabolic activities induced, while the conventional methods used population growth. We focused on respiration volume as an indicator of cell metabolism, and developed inexpensive disposable oxygen electrode sensor and multi-channel dissolved oxygen meters (DOX-10 and DOX-96KB). Using these instruments, cytotoxicity was measured for 48 hrs and the method showed superior features to conventional methods in its handiness of one step assay, and excellent adaptability to automated systems. Total usability of this oxygen electrode method is being evaluated in bacterial drug susceptibility test, anticancer drug susceptibility test, and alternatives to animal experiment.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
[Adverse effects of anti-thymocyte globulin/anti-lymphocyte globulin therapy].
This single-centre study evaluated the adverse effects of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) as used for the treatment of aplastic anemia and/or for conditioning regimens prior to stem cell transplantation. ATG/ALG was given to 29 patients a total of 37 times. The incidence of adverse effects was 62.1% (23/37), and fever was the most frequent adverse effect. Therapy was discontinued in only 4 patients (10.8%) due to severe adverse effects. Adverse effects occurred more frequently with ATG (rabbit-derived) than with ALG (horse-derived). Seven patients underwent 2 or 3 cycles of ATG/ALG therapy, for a combined total of 8 times; 6 of those patients (75% (6/8)) experienced adverse effects. Shorter intervals between repeated cycles of therapy appeared to heighten the risk of adverse reactions.
Adolescent↗
[Lung volume reduction surgery for pulmonary emphysema].
Surgical treatment for pulmonary emphysema has received renewed attention, because many studies have demonstrated improvements in dyspnea and pulmonary function. After lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for carefully selected advanced pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary functional impairments, such as expiratory flow limitation, increase in lung volume, decrease in lung elastic recoil, impaired gas exchange are improved. Improvements of dynamic hyperinflation, respiratory muscle function and exercise tolerance were also demonstrated after LVRS for pulmonary emphysema. Finally these functional effects may improve symptom and prognosis of pulmonary emphysema with better quality of life. Although the basic mechanism responsible for the improvements are not well known yet, physiological mechanisms which brought improvement after surgical treatment for pulmonary emphysema should be further investigated.
Exercise Tolerance↗
[Pathophysiology and management of pulmonary emphysema].
The predominant physiological abnormalities of pulmonary emphysema are chronic airway obstruction, hyperinflation of the lung, decrease of lung elastic recoil, and impaired gas exchange. Patient who still smokes must be advised and supported in an effort to stop smoking before medical treatment. The treatment goals are to induced bronchodilation, decreased the inflammatory change and promote expectoration to prevent the progressive deterioration in lung function and improves quality of life. Inhaled beta 2-agonists, anticholinergics, and oral theophylines, as bronchodilators improved exertional dyspnea and exercise tolerance. Inhaled and oral corticosteroids have an anti inflammatory effect for chronic airway inflammation. Comprehensive respiratory treatments including home oxygen therapy and rehabilitation are also successfully applied for these patients.
Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
Paramalleolar bypass concomitantly with extended endarterectomy for limb-threatening ischemia: A case report.
A 74-year-old male was admitted to our university hospital with a refractory ulcer of the left third toe. The ankle pressure index was 0.43. On his angiogram, the popliteal artery was totally occluded in the distal site, while the peroneal artery was solely patent and inflowed into the distal posterior tibial artery. At surgery, endarterectomy of 7 cm in length was performed on the tibioperoneal trunk of the occluded popliteal artery following patch repair using a saphenous vein to restore the genicular arterial network and infrapopliteal arteries. Thereafter, the bypass surgery was performed using the in situ saphenous vein from the patent proximal popliteal artery to the distal posterior tibial artery. The postoperative angiogram showed patency of the graft as well as restoration of the genicular arterial network and infrapopliteal arteries. The ankle pressure index improved to 1.04, and the refractory ulcer was completely cured one month after revascularization.
Aged↗
Surgical assessment of tricuspid valve replacement for severe tricuspid regurgitation without stenosis.
Eight patients undergoing tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) without stenosis were subjected to the study. Four patients had primary TR due to trauma, infective endocarditis, or Ebstein's anomaly, and the other 4 had secondary TR associated with mitral valve lesions. The right heart pressure as well as clinical manifestations due to right heart failure showed deteriorated values in both the primary and secondary TR groups, though pulmonary arterial pressure was higher in the latter group. In 2 patients, initial annuloplasty procedures could not reduce TR sufficiently and were instantly abandoned for TVR. These 2 patients, one with congenital and one with secondary TR, died of intractable right heart failure early postoperatively, while the remaining 6 patients are alive to date, in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I, during the follow-up period of 6-192 (mean, 104) months. The 2 patients who died had shown a longer morbid duration and a lower preoperative right ventricular systolic function indicated by stroke work to pulmonary artery resistance. This paper might suggest that an earlier surgical intervention in severe TR is recommended before the right ventricular function deteriorates.
Adolescent↗
[Oculomotor nerve and trigeminal nerve involvement demonstrated by Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report].
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered a useful procedure for evaluating the intracranial diseases. Leukemic infiltration in either the oculomotor or trigeminal nerve is rarely seen by MRI. We herein describe the diagnostic assessment and outcome of an adult patient suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L2, FAB). An 18-year-old female was suspected to have ALL. She complained of nausea, vomiting, and double vision for a month, and further examination was required. Fiber gastroscope examination revealed no abnormal lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, a plain brain CT indicated no abnormalities in the brain. However, examination of a Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI and the liquor revealed that she had leptomeningeal leukemia with oculomotor and trigeminal nerve infiltration. Systemic administration of methotrexate (MTX) and cytarabine, and intrathecal injection of MTX were partially effective. Repeated Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI showed the shrinkage and reduced enhancement of oculomotor and trigeminal nerve, parallel to the improvement in the liquor. This case demonstrates the importance of MRI not only in the evaluation of therapy, but also in the early diagnosis of central nervous system leukemia.
Adolescent↗
[Cancer metastasis and extracellular matrix].
We investigated the roles of the extracellular matrix, especially of hyaluronan, in cancer metastasis. A positive relationship was shown between hyaluronan synthetic activity and the metastatic ability of cancer cells by manipulating regulation of gene expression of hyaluronan synthases. These techniques may provide future therapeutic methods for cancer metastasis.
Animals↗
[Risk of death by health habit index from a cohort study among the residents of a rural area in Aichi, Japan].
To clarify the validity of the health habit index, we evaluated risk of death by health habit index in residents in Aichi Prefecture. Subjects were 7,662 residents aged 40-79 years living in a rural area of Aichi Prefecture who responded to a questionnaire in 1988, that included 12 health habit items on diet, physical activity, rest, mental health, smoking, drinking and regular health check. Data on death and migration in this cohort group was collected from 1990 to 1997. The risk ratios (RRs) of death for all causes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases were estimated by Cox's proportional hazard model. The number of all causes of death, cancer and cardiovascular diseases was 650, 240 and 197, respectively. Proper health habits of adequate but not over eating, regular physical activity, properly managing stress, non-smoking or smoking cessation for one year or more and regular health examinations in men and regular physical activity and non-smoking in women related to lower age-adjusted RR of death for all causes, while smoking cessation of less than one year in men with increased RR. Lower RR of cancer was observed for non-smoking men, and for women who occasionally have enough sleep. Proper health habits on adequate but not overeating, enjoying mealtime, regular physical activity, properly managing stress, moderate drinking (< 2 "go"/day) or occasional heavy drinking and regular health examinations related to lower RR of cardiovascular diseases in men, while regular physical activity related to lower RR in women. Multivariate analysis for the RR of death for all causes showed similar results, except higher RR in the men who avoided excess salt consumption, and decreased RR in the women who occasionally have enough sleep. In conclusion, the present study suggested that regular physical activity is associated with decreased risk from death for all causes, especially for cardiovascular diseases. Health habit index in the present study included various items with or without association to risk for death. It is important to apply this index to health promotion on the basis of its specific characteristic.
Adult↗
[A case of acute theophylline intoxication with repeated status convulsivus].
We report a 6-month-old female infant with status convulsivus which appeared during intravenous drip infusion of aminophylline. She had an extremely high serum theophylline concentration (79 micrograms/ml), which was effectively reduced by plasmapheresis and dialysis. Three days later, she developed status convulsivus again, though her serum theophylline was undetectable at that time. A CT on 14th day of illness revealed mild widening of frontal sulci and Sylvian fissure. The patient apparently recovered her healthy condition, but psychomotor developmental delay, especially in speech and social behavior, was noted at the age of 2 years 6 months (DQ = 55). A delay of myelination was observed on brain MRI at 4 year 1 months, suggesting an irreversible brain injury caused by theophylline intoxication.
Brain↗
[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis with fibrobullous change in upper lung lobes and dyspnea due to limitation of thoracic cage].
A 48-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of shortness of breath and abnormal shadows on chest roentgenograms. Although he had been given a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) at the onset of his symptoms, a diagnosis of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) was made by our orthopedics department on the basis of bone X-ray findings. Spirograms demonstrated a restrictive pattern and residual volume was increased. Total lung capacity and respiratory muscle function were normal, suggesting that the abnormal spirogram findings were due to decreased thoracic cage compliance. Chest roentgenograms and computed tomographic scans showed apical fibrobullous changes in both lungs, similar to those observed in AS. To our knowledge, this is the first case of DISH with pulmonary involvement to be reported to date. The pulmonary manifestations were similar to those of AS, and it was speculated that they were due to limitation of the thoracic cage.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
[Clinicopathological characteristics of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with a PrP V180I mutation and M129V polymorphism on different alleles].
We report an 80-year-old Japanese man with histologically-diagnosed Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The patient was admitted to our neurological unit because of sudden onset motor aphasia-like symptoms and right hemiparesis. His medical and family histories were unremarkable, and he had taken no medications. Urine, blood counts and blood chemistry were all within normal limits. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal except for elevation of neuron specific enolase (29.9 ng/ml). High-signal intensity was demonstrated in the cortex of the left temporal lobe on T2-weighted MRI images, and the lesion swelled during the initial stage of the disease. There was no enhancement with Gd-DTPA. Serial MRI showed that the high-signal lesion had spread into the bilateral cerebral cortex. The patient developed myoclonus followed by akinetic mutism within 6 months of onset. Consecutive EEGs revealed no periodic synchronous discharge (PSD). He died of pneumonia 21 months after of admission. Autopsy revealed spongiform changes in the cerebral cortex with Kuru plaques, confirming the diagnosis of CJD. The Cerebellar cortex was well preserved. The high-signal lesions corresponded to the spongiform changes in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical analysis showed weak synaptic prion staining. Prion protein (PrP) gene analysis of genomic DNA isolated from the autopsied brain by polymerase chain reaction, the restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and direct sequencing revealed a point mutation (Val-->Ile) at codon 180 and a polymorphism (Met/Val) at codon 129 on different alleles. A few CJD patients with point mutations in codon 180 of the PrP gene have been reported. Combination of the codon 180 point mutation and codon 129 polymorphism may yield an atypical clinicopathological form of CJD that includes late onset, negative PSD, and atypical MRI findings, with preservation of the cerebellar cortex.
Aged↗
[Control of gene expression in response to stress by a transcription factor Pap1].
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Animals↗
Biomimetic myoelectric hand with voluntary control of finger angle and compliance.
The purpose of this study was to develop a new type of myoelectrically controlled biomimetic prosthetic hand which has almost the same dynamics as that of the neuromuscular control system of the finger muscles, and in mechanical properties of the muscles and of the stretch reflex. One of the characteristic features of the neuromuscular control system in man is the increase in the compliance around the joint with decreasing activity of the muscle. Our prosthetic hand consisted of two surface EMG signal processing units, a digital servo system for a DC motor and 1 d.o.f. mechanical hand with three fingers. The dynamics of the neuromuscular control system including variation of the compliance around the joint was realized by using a position control system of the finger movement, force feedback and a variable gain which was modulated by the amplitude of IEMGs (rectified and smoothed EMG signals). EMG signals recorded from a pair of antagonistic muscles used to flex or to extend the wrist were used as control signals. It was shown that the finger angle and the compliance of the prosthetic hand could be controlled voluntarily with EMG signals, and that an amputee could grasp a soft object easily with the prosthetic hand. Utility of the biomimetic prosthetic hand was shown by executing myoelectric control experiments in one healthy subject and one amputee.
Artificial Limbs↗
MST-16, a novel bis-dioxopiperazine anticancer agent, ameliorates doxorubicin-induced acute toxicity while maintaining antitumor efficacy.
MST-16 [4,4-1,2-(ethanediyl)bis(1-isobutoxycarbonyl-oxy-methyl-2,6-pipera zinedione)], recently approved as an oral anticancer drug for clinical use in Japan, was evaluated as a chemotherapeutic agent in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and murine Colon 26 and human KATO III adenocarcinoma cells were used. The combination index derived from these cytotoxic values indicated a synergistic interaction between DOX and MST-16 or its active metabolite, ICRF-154 (1,1'-ethylenedi-3,5-dioxopiperazine). A maximal tolerated dose of DOX administered to female BALB/c mice bearing a solid Colon 26 tumor resulted in severe body weight loss and diarrhea, but a limited tumor growth delay (1.8 days). However, when combined with an oral dose of MST-16, DOX-induced body weight loss and diarrhea were significantly ameliorated, and an additive tumor growth delay (8.7 days) was obtained. The LD50 of DOX administered i.p. to control female BALB/c mice increased more than 1.5-fold when combined with MST-16. Thus, MST-16 ameliorates DOX-induced acute toxicity while maintaining antitumor efficacy. These results indicate that MST-16 may be effective chemotherapy for cancer patients when combined with DOX.
Animals↗