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Biomedical subjects

M Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to M Yoshida.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Ultrasonographic assessment of Salmonella enterocolitis in children.

BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterocolitis (SE) is one of the important causes of acute infectious diarrhoea. Imaging studies are rarely performed on these patients. Consequently, ultrasound (US) features of SE are controversial. OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical significance of US in the evaluation of SE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Abdominal US was performed in 15 patients with SE and 9 patients with Rotavirus enterocolitis (RE). RESULTS: Ascites was present in 60 % and mural thickening of the colon in 40 % of patients with SE on abdominal US, whereas we could not identify these features in patients with RE. In patients with SE, colonic wall thickening; and ascites, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher as compared to patients with SE and no colonic wall thickening or ascites. Also, the stool occult blood test was positive more often in patients with colonic wall thickening and ascites on US than in patients without these findings. The colonic wall thickness significantly correlated with CRP and stool occult blood level. CONCLUSIONS: US is able to identify pathological changes in bowel and intra-abdominal spaces. The US findings of ascites and colonic wall thickening may be useful for determining the severity of SE.

Ascites↗
PubMed1999

A phase II study of irinotecan and infusional cisplatin with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: We administered chemotherapy consisting of a combination of 5-day continuous infusion of cisplatin (20 mg/m2 per day) plus irinotecan (160 mg/m2 per day, as a bolus, on day 1) with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) support to previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and evaluated the effectiveness and safety of this therapy. PATIENTS: Enrolled in the study were 41 NSCLC patients. RESULTS: Of the 41 patients, 24 achieved a partial response. The response rate was 58.5% (95% confidence interval, 42.2% to 74.8%), with a median response duration of 32.1 weeks. The median survival time was 44.8 weeks and the 1-year survival rate was 44%. A total of 100 courses of therapy were given. The major toxic effects were grade 3 or 4 diarrhea (23%), granulocytopenia (20%), thrombocytopenia (15%) and anemia (15%). There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Combination chemotherapy with irinotecan plus infusional cisplatin with rG-CSF support was well tolerated and effective in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Extrahepatic biliary atresia associated with trisomy 18.

A case of extrahepatic biliary atresia (EBA) associated with trisomy 18 is presented. A 1-month-old boy was suspected to have Alagille syndrome with obstructive jaundice, a systolic heart murmur, growth retardation, and a small, pointed chin. However, surgery and chromosomal analysis revealed EBA associated with trisomy 18. Chromosomal examination must be performed in patients with jaundice and congenital anomalies. It is possible that EBA in trisomy 18 syndrome is due to a chromosomal disorder.

Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic↗
PubMed1999

Age-related morphologic changes of the central canal of the human spinal cord.

To elucidate the role of the human central canal on the physiology and pathogenesis of acquired syringomyelia, we analyzed the age-related morphologic changes in the normal human central canal of the spinal cord. The subjects included 158 autopsy cases ranging in age from 1 week postnatally to 116 years of age. Each segment of the whole spinal cords was investigated from the C3 to S3 levels. The microscopic pictures of the central canal were classified as patent or occluded at each level for each age decade. The patency rate under 1 year of age was 100% in almost all the segments, which markedly decreased in the second decade, and the canals were occluded in all the segments with advancing age. According to the longitudinal pattern of the central canal occlusion, 19 of 20 cases where the canals were patent in all segment levels were less than 10 years of age. Cases in which the canals were occluded in all segment levels appeared in the second decade, and their number increased gradually with advancing age. The occlusion of the central canal started at the T6 and L5 to S2 levels. We suggest that the central canal does not function after infancy because of its occlusion, and that it is not involved in the development of syringomyelia in adult patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Highly sensitive chelating agents for histochemical staining of rare earth metals.

In tissues, bromopyridylazo-diethylaminophenol has been found to be capable of staining very small amounts of rare earth metals, particularly praseodymium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, ytterbium, and lutetium. Differentiation of a target metal from interfering metals was achieved using masking agents, polyphosphates and aminopolycarboxylic acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Adenoma arising from the cystic duct and extending to the confluence of the extrahepatic biliary tract.

We describe a rare case of adenoma with a few foci of severe atypia arising from the cystic duct in a 68-year-old woman, initially diagnosed by the presence of intracholecystic tumefactive sludge on abdominal ultrasonography. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) disclosed a tuberous filling defect at the orifice of the cystic duct. Pathology examination of the biopsied specimen obtained from ERC disclosed not a cancerous but an adenomatous lesion. Macroscopically, the resected specimen showed a superficially spreading and shallowly elevated lesion extending from the cystic duct to the common bile duct. Although a few sporadic foci of severe atypia were observed, microscopy did not reveal any cancer findings, but confirmed the tumorous lesion as benign adenoma, showing mild-to-moderate atypia. Postoperative immunohistochemistry revealed no expression of p53 protein. We briefly refer to the rarity of adenoma in the biliary tract and discuss the difficulty of differential diagnosis of neoplastic lesions in the extrahepatic biliary tract.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The vast majority of gastric T cells are polarized to produce T helper 1 type cytokines upon antigenic stimulation despite the absence of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic infiltration by various cell types, including T cells, whose cytokine production may regulate the inflammatory reaction as well as local immune response to the bacterium. We prospectively analyzed the constituents of the cellular infiltrates and the cytokines produced by T cells in antral biopsies obtained from 73 subjects with and without H. pylori infection, before and after eradication therapy, and compared them with a histological grade of gastritis. We found that T cells predominated in cell number, followed by granulocytes/monocytes and plasma cells in both H. pylori-infected and H. pylori-uninfected subjects. Despite the absence of H. pylori infection, more than 70% of gastric CD4-positive T cells obtained from uninfected tissue produced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the cytosol. Upon receptor cross-linking of a CD3 and a CD28 molecule, T cells in both infected and uninfected tissue continuously secreted a far greater amount of IFN-gamma than those in peripheral blood mononuclear cell controls for a period of cell culture, whereas the increase in interleukin-4 (IL-4) was very small, and no increase in IL-2 secretion was seen. In H. pylori-infected patients, IFN-gamma secretion was correlated with the grade of mononuclear cell infiltration and decreased to an uninfected control level after eradication therapy. We did not see the effect of eradication on IL-4 secretion. Anti-H. pylori antibody of the IgG2 subclass was remarkably increased in H. pylori-infected subjects. These results together suggest that gastric T cells are already differentiated to produce a large amount of IFN-gamma by a mechanism unrelated to H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection appeared to activate T cells to secrete even more IFN-gamma, which may contribute to maintaining a perpetual inflammation in H. pylori-infected stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Differences in cellular properties and responses to growth factors between human ACL and MCL cells.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has poor healing responses compared with those of the medial collateral ligament (MCL). It has been implied that this is partially due to the poor reparative capacity of ACL cells for ligament injury. The present study was designed to elucidate the reparative capacities of human ACL and MCL cells by investigating their cellular properties and their responses to growth factors. Human ACL and MCL were obtained from seven fresh human cadavers. The cells were isolated from each tissue, and primary cultures were used for the examination. The growth rates of all the human ACL cells were lower than those of the human MCL cells; consistent with this, the doubling time of the ACL cells was 30 +/- 7.4% longer than that of the MCL cells. The chemotactic migration of human ACL cells was 33 +/- 8.1% slower and the synthesis of DNA and collagen in human ACL cells was 29 +/- 6.3% and 31 +/- 9.7% lower, respectively, in comparison with those of MCL cells. Cellular responses, in terms of DNA synthesis, in human ACL cells to either basic-fibroblast growth factor (1.0 and 10.0 ng/ml) or transforming growth factor-beta (1.0 ng/ml) were lower than those of human MCL cells. However, no differences in the cellular responses in terms of collagen synthesis were found. Composite data show that human ACL cells have poorer cellular properties and lower responses to growth factors compared with those of human MCL cells, which suggests that the reparative capacity of human ACL cells may be poorer than that of human MCL cells.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗
PubMed1999

Ligamentum flavum hematoma in the lumbar spine.

A patient who presented with symptoms suggestive of nerve root compression secondary to an extradural mass was found to have a hematoma in the ligamentum flavum. Pathological examination of surgical specimens revealed an old hemorrhage, and hemosiderin deposits around organized granulation tissue within the ligamentum flavum. Vessels within the ligamentum flavum had, presumably, ruptured during minor trauma when the patient stood up.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Functional conformation changes in the TF(1)-ATPase beta subunit probed by 12 tyrosine residues.

The effect of nucleotide binding on the structure of the F(1)-ATPase beta subunit from thermophilic bacillus PS-3 (TF(1)beta) was investigated by monitoring the NMR signals of the 12 tyrosine residues. The 3,5-proton resonances of 12 tyrosine residues could be observed for the specifically deuterated beta subunit. The assignment of 3,5-proton resonances of all of the tyrosine residues was accomplished using 14 mutant proteins, in each of which one or two tyrosine residues were replaced by phenylalanine. Binding of Mg. ATP induced an upfield shift of Tyr(341) resonance, suggesting that their aromatic rings are stacked to each other. Besides Tyr(341), the signal shift observed on Mg.ATP binding was restricted to the resonances of Tyr(148), Tyr(199), Tyr(238), and Tyr(307), suggesting that Mg.ATP induces a conformational change in the hinge region. This can be correlated to the change from the open to closed conformations as implicated in the crystal structure. Mg.ADP induced a similar but distinctly different conformational change. Therefore, the intrinsic conformational change in the beta subunit induced by the nucleotide binding is proposed to be one of the essential driving forces for the F(1) rotation. Reconstitution experiments showed that Tyr(277), one of the four conserved tyrosines, is essential to the formation of the alpha(3)beta(3)gamma complex.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1999

Successful coil embolization in an infant with congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts.

The authors report the case of a 7-month-old Japanese infant with congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. He had hypergalactosaemia and hyperammonemia at age 1 month. The diagnosis was made by ultrasonography and angiography. Coil embolization was performed successfully, and then hyperammonemia and hypergalactosaemia improved soon after surgery.

Embolization, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1999

Natural killer (NK) cell activity and NK cell subsets in workers with a tendency of burnout.

The involvement of cellular immunity in the burnout syndrome remains to be elucidated. We assessed three components of burnout of the Maslach Burnout Inventory: emotional exhaustion; depersonalization (DP); and personal accomplishment, as well as natural killer cell activity (NKCA) and NK cell subsets in 42 male workers. Workers with a higher DP score showed a lower NKCA and a lower proportionality of CD57+CD16+ to total lymphocytes. There were no differences in any of the health behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol, or obesity) between workers showing higher burnout and those showing lower burnout. A stepwise multiple regressions analysis demonstrated that NKCA was closely correlated with DP, independent of other variables, including a stress index. These results suggest that the relationship between reduced cellular immunity and DP is not due to traditional work stress or health behavioral problems. Further studies on DP as a psychosomatic disorder as well as an occupational health problem should be performed in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Pulmonary toxicity caused by acute exposure to mercury vapor is enhanced in metallothionein-null mice.

This study examined the protective role of metallothionein (MT) against pulmonary damage caused by acute exposure to metallic mercury (Hg0) vapor using MT-null and wild-type mice. Both strains of mice were exposed to Hg0 at 6.6 to 7.5 mg/m3 for 4 hr each day for 3 consecutive days. This dosing protocol was lethal to over 60% of MT-null mice but did not kill any wild-type mice. More severe pulmonary damage was found by histopathological observation in MT-null mice than in wild-type mice. MT levels in the lung were elevated in wild-type mice after Hg0 vapor exposure, and gel filtration of the lung cytosol revealed that most of the mercury was associated with MT. In MT-null mice, MT levels were below the limit of detection (0.2 microg/g tissue) for the MT assay even after exposure. After exposure to Hg0 vapor for 3 consecutive days, the pulmonary mercury levels in wild-type mice were significantly higher than in MT-null mice. These findings suggest that MT plays a protective role against the acute pulmonary toxicity of Hg0 vapor.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1999

An analytical method for R5 repeated structure in varicella-zoster virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction.

The tandem direct reiteration, R5, in varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genome consists of 88-bp and 24-bp elements. The R5 structure was examined by the polymerase chain reaction to differentiate between various strains. A sense primer was designed at the 88-bp element and an antisense primer at the site separated from R5, in which we expected to detect multiple bands corresponding to repeating numbers of 88-bp elements. Thirty-four wild strains and a vaccine strain were analyzed using this method. The 34 wild strains showed two to four bands corresponding to numbers of 88-bp elements, in which the strain showing three bands was found to be predominant. The vaccine strain also revealed three bands.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1999

Recurrent clear cell carcinoma of the ovary changing into producing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) with hypercalcemia.

We experienced the case of a clear cell carcinoma of the ovary arising from an endometrial cyst, which started to produce parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) in a recurrent tumor, thus inducing hypercalcemia. Using immunohistochemical analysis, we demonstrated that the primary carcinoma was immunonegative for PTH-rP, but that the recurrent carcinoma was strongly immunopositive for PTH-rP.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗