Biomedical subjects

M Yano

Publications and source records attributed to M Yano.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Delimitation of the chromosomal region for a quantitative trait locus, qUVR- 10, conferring resistance to ultraviolet-B radiation in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Wide variation in ultraviolet-B (UVB) resistance is observed among rice varieties. In a previous study, three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling UVB resistance were detected by QTL analysis, using backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from a cross between a japonica cultivar, 'Nipponbare', and an indica cultivar, 'Kasalath'. Among them, qUVR- 10, a QTL for UVB resistance on chromosome 10, showed the largest effect. Plants homozygous for the Nipponbare allele at qUVR- 10 were resistant to UVB, unlike those homozygous for the Kasalath allele. To determine more precisely the chromosomal location of qUVR- 10, we performed a linkage mapping of qUVR- 10 as a single Mendelian factor using advanced backcross progeny. Advanced progeny testing of F(4) families enabled us to determine the genotype classes of the qUVR- 10 locus with high reliability. As a result, qUVR- 10 was mapped between RFLP markers C60755S and C1757S, and co-segregated with C913A. In addition, a sequence showing high similarity to the Arabidopsis cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase gene, which has been found to be involved in sensitivity to UV radiation in Arabidopsis and rice, was mapped in the candidate genomic region of qUVR- 10. This result suggests that the CPD photolyase gene is a positional candidate for qUVR- 10.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMed2003

QTLs for Na+ and K+ uptake of the shoots and roots controlling rice salt tolerance.

An F2 and an equivalent F3 population derived from a cross between a high salt-tolerance indica variety, Nona Bokra, and a susceptible elite japonica variety, Koshihikari, were produced. We performed QTL mapping for physiological traits related to rice salt-tolerance. Three QTLs for survival days of seedlings (SDSs) under salt stress were detected on chromosomes 1, 6 and 7, respectively, and explained 13.9% to 18.0% of the total phenotypic variance. Based on the correlations between SDSs and other physiological traits, it was considered that damage of leaves was attributed to accumulation of Na+ in the shoot by transport of Na+ from the root to the shoot in external high concentration. We found eight QTLs including three for three traits of the shoots, and five for four traits of the roots at five chromosomal regions, controlled complex physiological traits related to rice salt-tolerance under salt stress. Of these QTLs, the two major QTLs with the very large effect, qSNC-7 for shoot Na+ concentration and qSKC-1 for shoot K+ concentration, explained 48.5% and 40.1% of the total phenotypic variance, respectively. The QTLs detected between the shoots and the roots almost did not share the same map locations, suggesting that the genes controlling the transport of Na+ and K+ between the shoots and the roots may be different.

DNA, Plant↗

PubMed2003

Mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with ultraviolet-B resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

The detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with UV-B resistance in rice should allow their practical application in breeding for such a complex trait, and may lead to the identification of gene characteristics and functions. Considerable variation in UV-B resistance exists within cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), but its detailed genetic control mechanism has not been well elucidated. We detected putative QTLs associated with the resistance to enhanced UV-B radiation in rice, using 98 BC(1)F(5) (backcross inbred lines; BILs) derived from a cross between Nipponbare (a resistant japonica rice variety) and Kasalath (a sensitive indica rice variety). We used 245 RFLP markers to construct a framework linkage map. BILs and both parents were grown under visible light with or without supplemental UV-B radiation in a growth chamber. In order to evaluate UV-B resistance, we used the relative fresh weight of aerial parts (RFW) and the relative chlorophyll content of leaf blades (RCC). The BIL population exhibited a wide range of variation in RFW and RCC. Using composite interval mapping with a LOD threshold of 2.9, three putative QTLs associated with both RFW and RCC were detected on chromosomes 1, 3 and 10. Nipponbare alleles at the QTLs on chromosome 1 and 10 increased the RFW and RCC, while the Kasalath allele at the QTL on chromosome 3 increased both traits. Furthermore, the existence of both QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 10 for UV-B resistance was confirmed using chromosome segment substitution lines. Plants with Kasalath alleles at the QTL on chromosome 10 were more sensitive to UV-B radiation than plants with them on chromosome 1. These results also provide the information not only for the improvement of UV-B resistance in rice though marker-associated selection, but also for the identification of UV-B resistance mechanisms by using near-isogenic lines.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMed2003

Fine linkage mapping enables dissection of closely linked quantitative trait loci for seed dormancy and heading in rice.

Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed dormancy (tentatively designated Sdr1) and heading date ( Hd8) have been mapped to approximately the same region on chromosome 3 by interval mapping of backcross inbred lines derived from crosses between the rice cultivars Nipponbare (japonica) and Kasalath (indica). To clarify whether Sdr1 and Hd8 could be dissected genetically, we carried out fine-scale mapping with an advanced backcross progeny. We selected a BC(4)F(1) plant, in which a small chromosomal region including Sdr1 and Hd8, on the short arm of chromosome 3, remained heterozygous, whereas all the other chromosomal regions were homozygous for Nipponbare. Days-to-heading and seed germination rate in the BC(4)F(2) plants showed continuous variation. Ten BC(4)F(2) plants with recombination in the vicinity of Sdr1 and Hd8 were selected on the basis of the genotypes of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers flanking both QTLs. Genotypes of those plants for Sdr1 and Hd8 were determined by advanced progeny testing of BC(4)F(4) families. Sdr1 was mapped between the RFLP markers R10942 and C2045, and co-segregated with C1488. Hd8 was also mapped between C12534S and R10942. Six recombination events were detected between Sdr1 and Hd8. These results clearly demonstrate that Sdr1 and Hd8 were tightly linked. Nearly isogenic lines for Sdr1 and Hd8 were selected by marker-assisted selection.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMed2003

Laparoscopic intragastric surgery for gastric tube cancer following esophagectomy.

As a result of the recent improvement of the prognosis of esophageal cancer, the reporting frequency of gastric tube cancer following esophageal cancer has increased. Gastric tube total resection following median sternotomy, a highly invasive surgical procedure, is applied to the cases of advanced gastric tube cancer, whereas endoscopic mucosal resection is selected for the cases of early gastric tube cancer. If endoscopic mucosal resection is not applicable for some reason, partial or total resection of the gastric tube following median sternotomy has been selected. We applied laparoscopic intragastric surgery to such a case: The patient, a 59-year-old man with esophageal cancer, had undergone subtotal esophagectomy followed by gastric tube reconstruction through the retrosternal route 6 years before. Since endoscopy revealed early gastric cancer in the body of the stomach, we tried to perform mucosal resection but failed because of anastomotic stenosis. However, we successfully performed intragastric surgery, in which a camera and forceps were inserted directly into the gastric tube. Thus, laparoscopic intragastric surgery is a useful technique in cases to which endoscopic mucosal resection is not applicable.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed2003

SAGE mRNA expression in advanced-stage lung cancers.

AIMS: SAGE and HAGE are recently isolated genes, which were thought to be expressed tumour-specifically, and are potentially coding for tumour-specific antigens recognized by T lymphocytes. The expression of these genes may serve as a useful diagnostic marker in detecting malignant disease. We report the correlation of SAGE and HAGE expression with clinicopathological features in patients with lung cancer who had undergone surgery. METHODS: Expression of SAGE and HAGE messenger RNA was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 102 lung carcinomas and adjacent histological normal lung samples using LightCycler. RESULTS: SAGE/GAPDH mRNA expression was not significantly different between the tumour of lung cancer tissue (3.777+/-10.802) and normal lung tissue (3.028+/-3.356, p=0.7283). There was no relationship between SAGE gene expression and age, gender or N-status. SAGE/GAPDH expression was significantly higher in stage III-IV lung cancer (6.180+/-16.475) than in stage I lung cancer (1.534+/-2.591, p=0.0393). SAGE/GAPDH expression was also significantly higher in T4 lung cancer (9.183+/-23.117) than in T2 lung cancer (2.676+/-5.943, p=0.0362) and T1 lung cancer (2.373+/-3.433, p=0.0371). CONCLUSIONS: Detection for SAGE mRNA expression is possible in lung cancer samples. There was no relationship between HAGE gene expression and clinicopathological factor, such that the usefulness of detection for HAGE mRNA expression is limited for lung cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed2003

FHIT mRNA expression in thymoma.

AIMS: The FHIT gene is located at 3p14.2 a region frequently lost in multiple tumour types. Loss of FHIT expression has been found to occur frequently in multiple tumour types. We wished to investigate that FHIT mRNA levels in a series of thymomas. METHODS: Expression of FHIT messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a LightCycler in 49 thymomas and 11 adjacent histologically normal thymus samples from patients. RESULTS: FHIT transcripts in tumour samples (28.6+/-35.8) at levels significantly lower than those in normal thymus samples (573.9+/-1028.0, p=0.001). No relationship was seen between FHIT gene expression and age, gender, or pathological thymoma subtypes. FHIT mRNA expression in invasive thymomas (stage II-IV, 34.5+/-39.2) was significantly higher than that in stage I thymomas (20.7+/-29.7, p=0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that p21 protein positive thymoma had a tendency towards higher FHIT gene expression than in p21 negative thymoma. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased FHIT expression might be seen in early stage thymoma, suggesting that loss of FHIT expression may associate with tumorigenesis of thymoma.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗

PubMed2003

Clinical significance of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase and matrix metalloproteinase mRNA expression in thymoma.

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes which degrade extracellular matrix and basement membrane. There is much evidence that their increased expression is correlated with tumor aggressiveness in various carcinomas. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are the specific inhibitors of MMPs. MMPs and TIMPs are considered to play an important role in carcinoma invasion and metastasis. We hypothesized that MMPs and TIMPs also play an important role in thymoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 34 thymoma cases. The mRNA levels of MMP-1, -7, and -9, TIMP-1 and -2, and GAPDH were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction using LightCycler. We also performed immunohistochemistry for TIMP-1. RESULTS: The TIMP-1/GAPDH mRNA expression level was significantly higher in invasive (stage II-IV) thymomas (means +/- SE, 81.4 +/- 28.1) than in noninvasive (stage I) thymomas (30.9 +/- 8.3, P = 0.026). The MMP-1/GAPDH mRNA expression level was also higher in invasive thymomas (19.7 +/- 7.5) than in non invasive thymomas (2.26 +/- 1.72, P = 0.020). Immunopositivity of TIMP-1 was localized in stromal cells adjacent to the advancing margin of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that TIMPs and MMPs play an important role in the invasion of thymoma.

Gene Expression↗

PubMed2003

Angioarrestin mRNA expression in early-stage lung cancers.

AIMS: Angioarrestin is a recently isolated gene, which has a novel function as an angiogenesis inhibitor. Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumorigenesis. It has been reported that the angioarrestin expression was decreased in lung cancer. We attempted to determine the influence of angioarrestin expression on clinicopathological features in patients with lung cancer who had undergone surgery. METHODS: Expression of angioarrestin messenger RNA was evaluated by a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 93 lung carcinomas and adjacent histological normal lung samples using LightCycler. RESULTS: Angioarrestin/GAPDH mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the tumor of lung cancer tissue (86.676+/-123.505) than in the normal lung tissue (1154.218+/-2003.508, p<0.0001), although only four lung cancer tissues had more than one tumor/normal ratio of angioarrestin/GAPDH mRNA expression. There was no relationship between angioarrestin gene expression and age, gender or T-status. However, decreased angioarrestin/GAPDH expression was especially seen at stage I lung cancer (54.156+/-62.783) when compared to stage II-IV lung cancer (110.315+/-151.359, p=0.0316). Decreased angioarrestin/GAPDH expression was especially seen at N0 lung cancer (56.396+/-69.941) when compared to N2 lung cancer (137.522+/-180.489, p=0.0362). CONCLUSIONS: The decreased expression of angioarrestin mRNA was the early phase phenomena for tumor progression from lung cancer. Alternatively, loss of antianiogenesis might play a role in oncogenesis for lung cancer.

Angiopoietin-Like Protein 1↗

PubMed2003

Endostatin gene therapy on murine lung metastases model utilizing cationic vector-mediated intravenous gene delivery.

Tumors require ongoing angiogenesis to support their growth. Inhibition of angiogenesis by production of antiangiogenic factors should be a viable approach for cancer gene therapy. In this study, we investigated whether intravenous administration of endostatin gene complexed with a cationic vector (GL67/DOPE or PEI22K) could inhibit the development of lung tumors in mice injected i.v. with NFSa Y83 fibrosarcoma cells (5 x 10(5)) which frequently form lung metastasis. mRNA and protein of the transfected gene were produced in the lung and other organs of the transfected mice as assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Single intravenous injection of the endostatin gene (60 microg) complexed with either GL67/DOPE or PEI22K on day 3 or day 7 after fibrosarcoma cell inoculation significantly inhibited tumor formation in the lung as evidenced by the reduced number of lung tumors and lung weight, and prolonged survival of the endostatin gene-transfected mice compared with control mice. These findings suggested that the endostatin gene therapy, using cationic vector-mediated intravenous gene transfer, might be a feasible strategy for organ-targeted prevention and regulation of possible disseminated cancers.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Cryptic insertion and translocation or nondividing leukemic cells disclosed by FISH analysis in infant acute leukemia with discrepant molecular and cytogenetic findings.

Of 51 infants with acute leukemia, 13 (25%) had contradictory findings on 11q23/MLL rearrangements that were analyzed by cytogenetic and Southern blot methods: seven had rearranged MLL and normal karyotype, four had rearranged MLL and abnormal karyotype with no 11q23 translocation, and two had germline MLL and 11q23 translocations. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using an MLL probe that was performed to elucidate the discrepancy disclosed the presence of normal dividing cells and nondividing leukemic cells in the same bone marrow in five patients, and cryptic insertion or translocation in another five. Subsequent FISH and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis identified the MLL-AF10, MLL-AF4, or MLL-AF1q fusions that were produced by the cryptic rearrangements in four of the five patients. In the remaining three patients, the breakpoint of 11q23 translocation was located distal to the MLL locus in one, and the discrepancy was unresolved in two. Thus, FISH should complement cytogenetic analysis when cytogenetic and molecular genetic findings are contradictory in infant leukemia, and when infant leukemia does not show 11q23 translocations or other specific translocations including t(7;12), t(1;22), etc that are recurrently found in infant leukemia.

Blotting, Southern↗

PubMed2003

[Ruptured aortic arch aneurysm with hemorrhagic cardiac tamponade; report of a case].

The ruptured aortic arch aneurysm with cardiac tamponade is rare and has severely high mortality. We report a case of ruptured aortic arch aneurysm with cardiac tamponade. A 66-year-old man who had syncope attack was transferred to city hospital. Brain computed tomography (CT) showed no significant lesion and he admitted to our hospital for suspecting of aortic dissection. Chest CT showed ruptured aortic arch aneurysm and pericardial effusion. Emergent operation was done on the same day. It was found that the hematoma beneath the tunica adventitia existed at the distal arch and extended to the ascending aorta. Cardiac tamponade was caused by rupture of subadventitial hematoma in pericardial space. Aortic arch replacement was performed using selective cerebral perfusion under deep hypothermia. Postoperatively, he had no cerebral complication and was discharged uneventfully.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

QTL and epistatic interaction underlying leaf chlorophyll and H2O2 content variation in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

It is meaningful to study the genetics of the traits associated with photosynthesis such as leaf chlorophyll and H2O2 contents for high yield breeding in rice. A mapping population of 98 BC1F9 lines (backcross Inbred Lines, BIL), derived from a backcross of Nipponbare (japonica)/Kasalath(indica)//Nipponbare by the single-seed-descent methods, was employed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying such rice traits as leaf chlorophyll and H2O2 contents. Five and two QTLs were detected for leaf Chlorophyll and H2O2 content variation, respectively. Among the QTLs detected, q-Chl1 on chromosome 1 accounted for 22% variation for leaf chlorophyll content variation. The alleles from Nipponbare increased stature at the locus; On the other hand, q-H2O2(1) which associated with H2O2 content was also located on the same region as q-Chl1. The alleles from Nipponbare decreased stature at this locus. The 2 traits have the 2 QTL sharing the same chromosome locations, which was located between C86 and C813 on chromosome 1. Epistasis analysis showed QTL with interaction distributed on chromosome 2, 6, 11 and 12. However, no QTL interacted with q-Chl1 or q-H2O2(1) was detected. It can be deduced that alleles from Nipponbare at the region between C86 and C813 on chromosome 1 increases leaf chlorophyll content and decreases H2O2 content at the mean time with significant additive effect but little epistasis.

Chlorophyll↗

PubMed2003

[Clinical study on the surgical cases of the ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm].

The prognosis of the ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm is poor. Even if the surgical treatment was performed, the clinical outcome does not sufficiently satisfy us. Between January 1978 to July 1999, 171 cases of thoracic aortic surgery were operated in our department, in which 12 patients were with the ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm without acute dissection. The aneurysm was located in ascending aorta (2), aortic arch (6), descending aorta (3), and thoracoabdominal aorta (1). The aneurysm was ruptured into thorax (4), pericardium (2), mediastinum (3), lung (2), and esophagus (1). The operative procedure was artificial vascular graft replacement (9), patch closure (2), and aneurysmal interposition (1) [bypass with ascending aorta to abdominal aorta)]. The operations were performed during hypothermic circulatory arrest with antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (6), under total (1) or partial complete extracorporeal circulation (5). The hospital death was 33% (4/12). The causes of death were cerebral complication (2), sepsis (1), and multiple organ failure (1). The 12 patients were divided into 2 groups: group A; 8 cases with alive; group D; 4 cases with hospital death. We compared and analyzed the perioperative factors of these 2 groups. On intraoperative factors, operation time (minute) demonstrated a significant difference (498 +/- 129 in group A v.s. 851 +/- 227 in group D, p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups on extracorporeal circulation time, aortic clumping time, selective cerebral perfusion time, systemic circulatory arrest time, intraoperative blood loss, and blood transfusion. The postoperative major complication was revealed in 6 cases (50%, 6/12), cerebral infarction (3), sepsis (2), and hoarsness (1). In conclusions, to make an effort to shorten an operative time as possible, and to prevent the postoperative neurological dysfunction under selective cerebral perfusion, those efforts should contribute to a good postoperative outcome for the ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

[Castleman's disease of left interloblar lymph node; report of a case].

A 21-year-old man developed an abnormal shadow of left hilum of the lung, discovered in an annual X-ray examination. The tumor grew 3 times in size as large as it had been 1 year before. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a homogenous mass lesion at the left interloblar portion of the left lung. CT revealed that the left pulmonary artery was markedly compressed by the tumor of left hilum. Surgical operation was performed under usual thoracotomy. The ligation of the branches of the left bronchial artery before tumor resection was very helpful to control bleeding from the tumor. We showed that a tumor of Castleman's disease may be resected without lobectomy of the lung or further procedures.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

A novel bioactive 31-amino acid ET-1 peptide stimulates eosinophil recruitment and increases the levels of eotaxin and IL-5.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Investigation of the role of a novel inflammatory mediator 31-amino acid endothelin-1 [ET-1 (1-31)], a major ET derivative in granulocytes, in eosinophil recruitment after its subcutaneous administration to mice. METHODS: Various ET-1 derivatives (100 pmol), with or without ET receptor antagonists (200 pmol), were administered subcutaneously to mice, and then the eosinophil migration into and chemokine levels in the injected loci were analyzed. RESULTS: ET-1 (1-31) and a 21-amino acid endothelin-1 (ET-1), but not big ET-1, induced eosinophil migration into the injected loci with a peak after administration for 12 h, and increased the levels of eotaxin and interleukin-5 with peaks at 6 and 24 h, respectively. These effects of ET-1(1-31) and ET-1 were significantly inhibited by an ETA receptor antagonist, BQ-123, but not by an ETB receptor antagonist, BQ-788. CONCLUSION: Novel bioactive ET-1 (1-31) induces local eosinophil migration, and increases in eotaxin and interleukin-5 through an ETA or ETA-like receptor.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Mapping of a gene responsible for the difference in amylopectin structure between japonica-type and indica-type rice varieties.

The present investigation revealed that the alk and gel(t) genes, which cause the differences between a japonica rice variety Nipponbare and an indica rice variety Kasalath in terms of the disintegration of endosperm starch granules in alkali solution and their gelatinisation in a 4 M urea solution, respectively, cosegregated in backcross inbred lines derived from a cross between the two varieties. The segregation pattern of the profile for amylopectin chain-length, which was distinguished by enrichment in short chains of DP<==11 and depletion in intermediate-size chains of 12<==DP<==24 in japonica as compared with indica, was exactly the same as those of the above physico-chemical properties of starch granules, and the gene was designated as acl(t). Gene-mapping analysis showed that the starch synthase IIa ( SSIIa) gene is located at the alk locus on chromosome 6 in the rice genome. These results lead us to the possibility that different alleles of the SSIIa gene are responsible for differences in amylopectin structure between the two varieties, in that SSIIa plays a distinct role in the elongation of short chains within clusters (A+B(1) chains) of amylopectin. It is proposed that the activity of SSIIa in japonica rice is reduced in amount or functional capacity relative to the activity of this enzyme in indica rice. This, in turn, would explain why starch from japonica rice has a lower gelatinisation temperature than starch from indica rice and is more susceptible to disintegration in alkali or urea. The evidence for this hypothesis is that the alk(t), gel(t), acl(t) and SSIIa genes all map to the same locus.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Prediction of the response to chemoradiation and prognosis in oesophageal squamous cancer.

BACKGROUND: The sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiation therapy depends on various biological properties. This study investigated the expression of p53, CDC25B and metallothionein (MT), and evaluated their clinical significance in chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of p53, CDC25B and MT was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using biopsy specimens taken before CRT for 77 patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and correlated with the pathological effects of CRT and survival. RESULTS: p53-positive tumours and MT-positive tumours had a poor response to CRT, whereas tumours with strong CDC25B expression were associated with a good response. When each patient was scored for the presence of the three biological factors, there was a strong correlation between the sensitivity score and the pathological effect of CRT (P < 0.001), and a (non-significant) difference in the 5-year survival rate between patients with a high score and those with a low score (67 versus 34 per cent respectively; P = 0.12). CONCLUSION: The combined evaluation of p53, CDC25B and MT may help to identify patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma who will benefit from preoperative CRT.

Adult↗