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Biomedical subjects

M Yano

Publications and source records attributed to M Yano.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Infant leukemia suggestive of natural killer cell precursor origin followed an unusual clinical course.

We report a patient with infant leukemia showing the rare phenotypes of CD2+, CD4+, CD7+, CD56+, CD3-, CD5- who followed an unusual clinical course. The patient was a 3-month-old girl who was admitted because of unusual purpura looking like a black ring. On admission WBC count was 85.8 x 10(9)/l and bone marrow aspiration revealed a nucleated cell count of 112.0 x 10(9)/l with 70.8% atypical lymphocytes. On the 3rd hospital day, the WBC count decreased by about 1/5 without chemotherapy and partial remission was obtained. But about 3 weeks later, the WBC count increased again and she died. Based on surface marker analysis, genotypic analysis and autopsy, we diagnosed infant leukemia suggestive of natural killer (NK) cell precursor origin.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2000

In vivo activation of rat aortic platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptors by angiotensin II and hypertension.

It is unclear whether the previous in vitro evidence of a link between angiotensin II (Ang II) and growth factor receptors can apply to the in vivo situation. In this study, we examined vascular platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor activation in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and the role of Ang II. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of the growth factor receptors was determined by Western blot analysis coupled with immunoprecipitation. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of the aortic PDGF beta-receptor, but not the EGF receptor, was chronically increased in SHRSP with hypertension, compared with normotensive rats, being accompanied by increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Treatment of SHRSP with ACE inhibitors (perindopril or enalapril) significantly reduced aortic PDGF beta-receptor tyrosyl phosphorylation and ERK activity, whereas treatment with hydralazine failed to reduce these activities. Therefore, these aortic changes in SHRSP were mediated by Ang II in response to vascular ACE. Ang II was infused into rats to examine the effects on aortic growth factor receptors. Chronic Ang II infusion, via the angiotensin type 1 receptor, significantly increased activation of the aortic PDGF beta-receptor but not the EGF receptor. Thus, the aortic PDGF beta-receptor, activated by ACE-mediated Ang II, seems to be responsible for vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2000

Long-term follow-up of primary stenting with coil stent in acute myocardial infarction.

The authors evaluated clinical and angiographic outcomes for 1 year after primary stenting using coil stent for acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-eight patients underwent primary stenting with coil stent. Follow-up coronary arteriography at 3 months and 1 year was planned in all patients. Procedural success was achieved in 96%. There was no acute or subacute thrombosis. Minimal lumen diameter (MLD) was increased from 0.08 +/- 0.19 to 2.73 +/- 0.49 mm after stenting. MLD had decreased significantly for 3 months (MLD at 3 months: 2.03 +/- 0.86 mm, p = 0.001). On the other hand, MLD did not differ between 3-month; and 1-year follow-up (MLD at 1 year: 2.26 +/- 0.73 mm, p = NS). Only one patient manifested reocclusion at 3-month follow-up. The cumulative restenosis rate and target lesion revascularization rate at 1-year follow-up were 25.9% (7/27) and 11.1% (3/27). Primary stenting using coil stent is safe and feasible in patients with acute myocardial infarction and may improve clinical outcome and decrease restenosis and target lesion revascularization rate.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging compounds from soybean miso and antiproliferative activity of isoflavones from soybean miso toward the cancer cell lines.

Guided by their DPPH radical-scavenging activity, nine compounds were isolated from soybean miso. Of these, 8-hydroxydaidzein, 8-hydroxygenistein and syringic acid had as high DPPH radical-scavenging activity as that of alpha-tocopherol. The antiproliferative activity of four of the isolated isoflavones toward three cancer cell lines was examined. 8-Hydroxygenistein showed the highest activity (IC50=5.2 microM) toward human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60).

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Correlation between loss of E-cadherin expression and overexpression of autocrine motility factor receptor in association with progression of human gastric cancers.

Loss of intercellular adhesion and increased cell motility synergistically facilitate tumor cell invasion. We studied these factors in 90 patients with gastric cancers by using an immunohistochemical technique to detect strong or weak expression of E-cadherin (ECD) and autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR). Normal gastric mucosa (control) reacted strongly for ECD and weakly for AMFR. In study cases, ECD was weak in 47 cases, and AMFR was strong in 39 cases. Weak ECD and strong AMFR expression were associated with tumor dedifferentiation. AMFR expression correlated positively with depth of invasion but not with lymph node metastasis. ECD expression correlated negatively with lymph node metastasis but not with depth of invasion. A strong inverse correlation was found between ECD and AMFR expression. Tumors with weak ECD and strong AMFR expression displayed a more aggressive phenotype than tumors with strong ECD and weak AMFR expression. The postoperative survival of patients with tumors with weak ECD and strong AMFR expression was significantly shorter than that of other groups. Since they are involved in the pathway to development of tumors with a more aggressive phenotype, ECD and AMFR should be examined to evaluate the biologic potential of gastric cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Re-analysis of clinical features of 89 patients with autoimmune hepatitis using the revised scoring system proposed by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group.

OBJECTIVE: The diagnostic criteria of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) were recently modified by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. This study was performed to assess the impact of the revised scoring system on the diagnosis of AIH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We re-analyzed the clinical features of 89 patients diagnosed as AIH in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, using the revised scoring system, and compared the scores and final diagnosis with our previously published results using the original system. RESULTS: Of the 89 patients with AIH, 40 (45%) were classified using the new system as "definite" AIH, 41 (46%) as "probable" AIH, and 8 (9%) patients were categorized as "others". Of these, 37 (42%), 35 (39%), and 4 (4%) patients who were classified as "definite", "probable", and "others" by the original system remained in the same category by the revised system, respectively. However, 3, 4, and 6 patients were re-categorized as "definite" from "probable", "others" from "probable", and "probable" from "definite", respectively. The difference in aggregate scores between the above two systems ranged from -5 to +2. The main contributing factors to the changes in aggregate AIH score were "other autoimmune disease(s)" and "interface hepatitis without lobular involvement and bridging necrosis on liver histology". However, the main contributing factors to the demotions from "definite" to "probable" and form "probable" to "others" were those related to the characteristics of biliary diseases, i.e., antimitochondrial antibody positive, biliary changes in liver histology, and alkaline phosphatase: aspartate aminotransferase ratio between 1.5 and 3.0. Moreover, two patients who had no histological evidence of AIH were both re-categorized as "others" from "probable" AIH. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the diagnosis, whether based on the revised or original system, was the same in the majority of AIH patients, but the revised scoring system excluded cases who had features suggestive of biliary diseases from "definite" AIH, and also confirmed that a diagnosis of "definite" AIH should not be made without liver histology.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Efficacy of preventive treatment for complications in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in elderly].

From September 1995 through May 1999, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was performed in 47 elderly patients, aged 65 to 93 (average 78.9). Several treatments were additionally performed to prevent serious complications in these cases, and their usefulness and problems were investigated. Gastropexy was performed to prevent peritonitis in cases of self-removal of tubes in the acute stage. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was used prevent perforation of the intestines. However, re-insertion of the endoscopic, which was necessary with the push method, was omitted to reduce the burden on the patients. In patients with tube troubles in the chronic stage such as the buried bumper syndrome or self-removal, the existing fistula was preserved and the gastrostomy was reconstructed using a narrow polyvinyl chloride tube and a flexible guide wire to prevent peritonitis by erroneous insertion of the tube. In terms of results, gastropexy was useful to prevent peritonitis in one patient with early self-removal of the tube. Data to evaluate the usefulness of fluoroscopy in preventing perforation of the intestine were insufficient, so more patients need to be studied in the future. Even when confirmation of the location of the internal bumper by endoscopy was omitted, there was no case of poor traction of the bumper, so this procedure seems unnecessary. Review of tube troubles, in the chronic stage revealed no case of peritonitis caused by erroneous insertion of tubes or erroneous injection of nutrients with our reconstruction methods, and complete reconstruction of the gastrostomy with preservation of the existing fistula appeared to be possible. However, those additional treatments require extension of the operation time and rise in cost with increased use of medical instruments, so the indications should be carefully considered.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Cyclin D1 overexpression in esophageal dysplasia: a possible biomarker for carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

There is controversy as to whether esophageal squamous dysplasia is a pre-cancerous lesion or a non-cancerous lesion. In this study, we conducted an immunohistochemical investigation of cyclin D1, retinoblastoma (Rb), p16INK4 and p27KIP1 expression in 36 squamous dysplasias and 34 early squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. The frequency of cyclin D1 overexpression was similar in dysplasias and early cancers (30% vs. 35%). Loss of p16INK4 and p27KIP1 expression was less frequent in dysplasias than in early cancers (p=0.005 and 0.001, respectively). Loss of Rb protein expression was not detected in dysplasia and rarely observed in early cancer (7%). The proliferation cell nuclear antigen index increased from moderate dysplasia to mucosal invasive carcinoma and was correlated significantly with the expression of cyclin D1, p16INK4 and p27KIP1 (p=0.0001, 0.003, and 0.007, respectively). Thus, this study found that cyclin D1 overexpression starts early in dysplasia and could be a useful marker for its malignant potentiality while reduction of p16INK4 and p27KIP1 occurs during the transformation from dysplasia to cancer. These findings suggest that esophageal dysplasia should be treated as a precancerous lesion.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2000

Establishment of a visible peritoneal micrometastatic model from a gastric adenocarcinoma cell line by green fluorescent protein.

To establish a visible peritoneal micrometastatic model, an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expressing plasmid vector was transfected into the gastric cancer cell line, MKN-45. Highly expressing EGFP cells were injected into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice. Then, the peritoneum and abdominal organs were harvested and observed on days 1, 4 and 7. Fluorescence stereomicroscopy identified peritoneal micrometastases that had been undetected by stereomicroscopy. Micrometastases as small as a single cell are detectable in this model. This peritoneal micrometastatic model should be a useful tool for research on metastasis of gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

A citrus flavonoid, nobiletin, suppresses production and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9/gelatinase B in rabbit synovial fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVE: Flavonoids including nobiletin are known to exert many biological actions in vitro. We investigated the chondroprotective effect of citrus flavonoids, especially nobiletin, using cultured rabbit synovial fibroblasts and articular chondrocytes. METHODS: We examined the effects of citrus flavonoids on the production and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)production in rabbit synovial fibroblasts. RESULTS: Six flavonoids isolated from Citrus depressa Rutaceae including tangeretin, 6-demethoxytangeretin, nobiletin, 5-demethylnobiletin, 6-demethoxynobiletin, and sinensetin suppressed the interleukin 1 (IL-1) induced production of proMMP-9/progelatinase B in rabbit synovial cells in a dose dependent manner (<64 microM); nobiletin most effectively suppressed proMMP-9 production along with the decrease in its mRNA. Nobiletin also reduced IL-1 induced production of PGE2 in the synovial cells, but did not modify the synthesis of total protein. These suppressive effects of nobiletin were also observed in rabbit articular chondrocytes. Nobiletin inhibited proliferation of rabbit synovial fibroblasts in the growth phase. CONCLUSION: These results suggest nobiletin is a novel antiinflammatory candidate that has the potential to inhibit PGE2 production, matrix degradation of the articular cartilage, and pannus formation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 in squamous carcinogenesis of the esophagus.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in various types of human malignancies including squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the esophagus, but little is known about COX-2 expression in premalignant esophageal squamous dysplasia. To elucidate the role of COX-2 in esophageal carcinogenesis, we examined the expression of this enzyme in normal squamous epithelium (n = 42), squamous dysplasia [high-grade dysplasia (HGD, n = 41; low-grade dysplasia (LGD, n = 33)]; carcinoma in situ (n = 16), mucosal invasive carcinoma (n = 18), and advanced SCC (n = 45). Immunohistochemistry showed a significantly high COX-2 expression in HGD compared with other lesions. The COX-2 score, an index determined by intensity and positivity of COX-2 staining (maximum 3.0), was 0.29 +/- 0.04 in normal esophagus, 1.75 +/- 0.11 in LGD, 2.89 +/- 0.05 in HGD, 2.17 +/-0.18 in CIS, 1.95 +/- 0.22 in mucosal invasive carcinoma, and 1.81 +/- 0.08 in advanced SCC. Results of reverse transcription-PCR assays confirmed those obtained by immunohistochemistry. COX-2 expression correlated with proliferation activity assessed by the proliferating cell nuclear antigen index in dysplastic lesions (P = 0.001) but not in SCCs. COX-2 expression in SCC did not correlate with various clinicopathological parameters including prognosis. Our results indicate that COX-2 is a sensitive marker for HGD and suggest that COX-2 may be involved in early stages of squamous carcinogenesis of the esophagus.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2000

[A case report of unresectable colon cancer that disappeared following pharmacokinetic modulation chemotherapy (PMC)].

We encountered a case of unresectable colon cancer that disappeared following pharmacokinetic modulating chemotherapy (PMC). A 41-year-old male underwent ileotransverse anastomosis following a diagnosis of ileus due to unresectable colon cancer with peritoneal dissemination and multiple liver metastases. He was treated weekly with an intravenous infusion of 5-FU, 1,000 mg/body/24 hours and an oral administration of UFT 400 mg/day (PMC). After 6 months of weekly treatment of PMC, colon tumor disappeared and metastatic liver tumors decreased in size. PMC can be administered to outpatients without serious side effects; thus, this therapy improves the prognosis and the patient's quality of life.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

CDC25B and p53 are independently implicated in radiation sensitivity for human esophageal cancers.

Ionized radiation leads to G1 arrest and apoptosis by a p53-dependent pathway and G2-M arrest through a p53-independent pathway. In this study, we evaluated the role of cell cycle-regulating molecules in the sensitivity of cancer cells for radiation therapy. Forty-seven patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus had undergone radiation therapy, followed by surgical resection. They were classified as sensitive to radiation (SR, 14 cases) with no residual tumor in the surgical specimen or as resistant to radiation (RR, 33 cases) with viable residual tumors. Their preradiation biopsy samples were immunohistochemically investigated for the expressions of cell cycle-related molecules, including p53, CDC25A, CDC25B, cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and Ki-67. p53 expression was negative in 71% (10 of 14) of SR and positive in 91% (30 of 33) of RR. The association was strong between high radiation sensitivity and negative p53 expression (P < 0.0001). CDC25B, which is not expressed in normal epithelium but is in the cytoplasm of esophageal cancers, was strongly expressed (2+) in 46% (6 of 14) of SR and in 6% (2 of 23) of RR. Thus, the sensitivity for radiation therapy was significantly correlated with CDC25B overexpression. With respect to CDC25A, cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and Ki-67, no statistically significant differences were found in their expressions between SR and RR tumors. p53 and CDC25B expressions showed no significant associations, and multivariate analysis revealed that both p53 and CDC25B are significant independent markers for predicting radiation sensitivity. CDC25B was revealed to be a novel predictor of radiation sensitivity in esophageal cancers. Because CDC25B is an oncogene, which affects G2-M progression, these results suggest the importance of a p53-independent G2-M checkpoint in radiation therapy.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed2000

[Diagnostic efficacy of 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose-positron emission tomography in multiple solitary pulmonary nodules].

A 73-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of abnormal lung shadows in the left lung. Chest computed tomography revealed a cavitary lesion with irregular edges in the right S10 and a nodular lesion with well-defined margins in the left S6. Histological examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma in the right S10 but no significant findings in the left S6. Thirdly, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) demonstrated that the nodular shadow in the left S6 was a low-uptake structure and that the cavitary lesion in the right S10 was a high-uptake lesion. We therefore considered that the nodular shadow in the left S6 was not one of neoplastic disease. Partial lung resection of the left S6 was carried out by videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery. The pathological diagnosis of the left S6 was epithelial granuloma with caseation. A culture of the same resected specimen was positive for Mycobacterium avium. The eventual clinical staging for the squamous cell carcinoma in the right S10 was cT2N0M0 (IB). Radical surgical treatment and right lower lobectomy were performed for the S10 lesion. We considered that 18F-FDG-PET was an effective noninvasive procedure for diagnosis of solitary or multiple solitary nodular shadows in the lung.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Present state and development of the network communication system].

Information technology is a dynamic technology that has sparked the development of many new products and new services and the medical field is not an exception. We would like to introduce our new service which started in December 1999, and is called "SNCS". Connecting Laboratory and Sysmex by a dedicated network, SNCS provides services such as 'On-line QC' and 'On-line Support' to support Laboratory technicians.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1999

Intrinsic nucleoside diphosphate kinase-like activity is a novel function of the 20 S proteasome.

The eukaryotic 20 S proteasome is the prototype of a new family of the N-terminal nucleophil hydrolases and is composed of numerous low molecular mass subunits arranged in a stack of four rings, each containing seven different alpha- or beta-subunits. Among the beta-type subunits in the yeast proteasome, three proteolytically active ones were identified, although the functions of the other beta- and alpha-type subunits remain to be clarified. We report here that the purified 20 S proteasome exhibits intrinsic nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase-like activity. The proteasome exhibited a preference for ATP and dATP as phosphate donors, and a broad specificity for NDPs, other than GDP, as phosphate acceptors, unlike conventional NDP kinase, which catalyzes the transfer of gamma-phosphate between NDPs and nucleoside triphosphates. During the transfer of gamma-phosphate, the proteasome formed acid-labile phosphohistidine as autophosphorylated intermediates, and NDP-dependent dephosphorylation of the latter then occurred. These enzymatic properties are similar to those of the molecular chaperone, Hsp70, which also exhibits intrinsic NDP kinase-like activity, instead of ATPase activity. C5 among the beta-type subunits and C8 among the alpha-type subunits were autophosphorylated during the gamma-phosphate transfer reaction and were photoaffinity labeled with 8-azido-[alpha-(32)P]ATP, suggesting that the C5 and C8 subunits of the proteasome are responsible for the NDP kinase-like activity.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1999

Long-term efficacy of immunization against hepatitis B virus in infants at high-risk analyzed by polymerase chain reaction.

Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common cause of chronic infection. In the present study, we evaluated the long-term efficacy of immunization against HBV in infants at high-risk, by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two hundred and fifty-one infants received hepatitis B immunoglobulin at birth and a course of hepatitis B vaccine within 6 months of age between 1981 and 1993. Of 251 infants, 203 (81%) and 97 (39%) were followed until 1 and 4-6 years of age, respectively. HBV-DNA was detected by PCR in 74 (36%) of 203 children at 1 year of age, while the prevalence rate of children positive for HBV-DNA decreased to 14 (14%) of 97 children at 4-6 years of age, including 2 children who had the breakthrough variants of HBV. Our results indicate that most of HBV infections occur early, during the first year, and that immunization against HBV effectively protects infants at high-risk against viral transmission, at least up to 4-6 years of age.

Adult↗