Biomedical subjects

M Yanase

Publications and source records attributed to M Yanase.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Therapeutic effect of Ga-Al-As diode laser irradiation on experimentally induced inflammation in rats.

We produced experimental inflammation models in rats by carrageenin and studied the effect of Ga-Al-As diode laser irradiation (780 nm, continuous wave, 31.8 j/sec/cm2, spot size of 0.2 mm) on inflamed regions compared with those of indomethacin, a potent anti-inflammatory agent. We found that a low-power infrared laser has an anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenin inflammation. A low-power laser inhibits: (1) the increase of vascular permeability during the occurrence of an acute inflammation in the carrageenin-air-pouch model, (2) edema in the acute stage in the carrageenin-paw-edema model, and (3) the granuloma formation in the carrageenin-granuloma model after receiving laser irradiation once daily. In all cases, irradiation for less than 10 min was sufficient to inhibit the inflammation by 20-30%. The inhibitory effect of laser irradiation was not comparable to that of indomethacin (4 mg/kg, i.o.) in the air-pouch model and the paw-edema model, whereas laser irradiation was more potent than that of daily administration of indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.o.) in the granuloma model. In future studies of the mechanism of laser effect, it should be noted that irradiating a rat twice, before and after the provocation of inflammation, was essential in order to achieve an effective inhibition of paw-edema.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1992

SPECT demonstration of splenosis.

Splenosis is defined as the heterotopic autotransplantation of splenic tissue. The main cause of splenosis is splenic rupture following abdominal trauma, in which fragments of splenic tissue are seeded throughout the peritoneal cavity. Demonstration of splenosis by scintigraphy or CT imaging has been reported, but there is no previous report of simultaneous demonstration by SPECT and CT imaging. Autotransplantation of splenic tissue in the abdominal cavity forms a solid tumor-like image on CT and is difficult to differentiate from other abdominal masses. In such cases, SPECT demonstration of splenosis is very important for identification of its exact site. A case report of splenosis is presented, in which simultaneous demonstration by SPECT and CT was performed. This was confirmed at laparotomy for gastrectomy.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1992

Interleukin-6 in renal cell carcinoma.

We studied interleukin-6 production in 4 human renal cell carcinoma cell lines and measured the serum level in 71 patients with renal cell carcinoma, thus, clarifying a relationship between interleukin-6 secretion and an occurrence of the paraneoplastic syndrome in the carcinoma. Interleukin-6 was produced by 3 cell lines and detected in 25% of the patients. The level of interleukin-6 did not directly correlate with tumor volume and the differentiation grade of the carcinoma. However, the positive rate increased with progression of the stage. The serum level affected the 5-year survival of patients without distant metastasis. When serum interleukin-6 was elevated patients had a significantly higher frequency of unexplained fever and an elevation of acute phase proteins. These results suggest that some renal cell carcinomas can produce interleukin-6 and this cytokine is responsible for several paraneoplastic syndromes in the carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed1992

Preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance image evaluations of the spinal cord in cervical myelopathy.

To evaluate the morphologic changes of the spinal cord in patients with cervical myelopathy due to cervical spondylosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, the authors measured the thickness and signal intensity of the cervical cord with magnetic resonance imaging in healthy adults and patients with cervical myelopathy, and compared these findings. In patients with cervical myelopathy, the preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings were compared with the severity of myelopathy and postoperative results. In healthy adults, the anteroposterior diameter of the cervical cord was 7.8 mm at the C3 level and decreased at lower levels. In the patients with cervical myelopathy, the preoperative spinal anteroposterior diameter was significantly reduced at various levels corresponding to the stenosis site within the vertebral canal. In the group with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, the minimal anteroposterior diameter of the cervical cord tended to decrease with increasing severity of myelopathy. However no relationship was observed between the two parameters in the cervical spondylotic myelopathy group. In the group with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, surgical results were good when the postoperative anteroposterior diameter was increased, whereas in the cervical spondylotic myelopathy group there was no relationship between the two parameters. In the patients with myelopathy, a high intensity area was observed in about 40% of all patients before operation and about 30% after operation. However, the presence or absence of a high intensity area did not correlate with the severity of myelopathy or with surgical results in the group with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and the cervical spondylotic myelopathy groups.

Cervical Vertebrae↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical efficacy of levofloxacin (LVFX) single-dose therapy in female acute uncomplicated cystitis].

Treatment of infections by the use of antimicrobial agents should be made essentially in a dose close to the minimally required dose. Acute uncomplicated cystitis in female fits as the subject for a single-dose therapy since it is an infection reactive relatively easily to antimicrobial agents. Accordingly, an assessment has been made regarding the therapeutic results of the single-dose therapy in 76 female cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis by the use of LVFX 200 mg which is a new quinolone. The urinary concentration more than MIC90 to Escherichia coli is sustained for about 3 days by this single-dose therapy. As a result of judging the therapeutic results from the reactions of the three clinical findings of pain on micturition, pyuria and bacteriuria, excellent therapeutic results were obtained with effective rates being 100% (76/76) on the day 3, 93.9% (46/49) on the day 7 and 94.4% (34/36) on the day 14. The rate of cystitic symptoms which recurred posed no problem, being 12.5% (5/40) up to three months, as investigated by a questionnaire. As a result of performing close urological examinations such as cystoscopy on six cases with insufficient results or recurrence, we could detect mild underlying conditions which are considered to be intractable factors in the bladder in three cases. From the above results, the single-dose therapy of acute uncomplicated cystitis in the female by LVFX which is a new quinolone was considered to be an excellent therapeutic drug from its characteristics such as its therapeutic results being the same as the conventional therapy by daily administration, excellent drug compliance, low cost, hard selectiveness of resistant strains, less side effects and furthermore it gives the opportunity of detecting a latent and mild underlying condition.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1992

Tumor size of renal cell carcinoma: its clinical implication.

We studied the clinical implication of tumor size in renal cell carcinoma, by revealing its relation with the other histopathological and clinical features. The tumor size was well correlated with histopathological findings and metastatic status of the carcinoma. Smaller carcinomas (usually less than 60 mm) generally had a higher disease-specific survival than those of 60 mm or greater. The results indicated that the size reflected the biological character of the carcinoma. However, 10% of patients with the smaller carcinoma had lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, each of which contributed to a renal cell carcinoma-related death in the early follow-up period.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed1992

Effect of intrahypothalamic injection of neostigmine on the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine and on plasma glucose level.

We previously reported that the injection of neostigmine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, into the third cerebral ventricle of fasted rats produced hyperglycemia associated with the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. However, the central nervous system site of action of neostigmine by which the plasma catecholamine and glucose concentrations were increased is not known. In this study we injected neostigmine into the ventromedial hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular hypothalamus, median site of the lateral-preoptic area, lateral site of the lateral-preoptic area, anterior site of the anterior hypothalamic area, mammillary body (posterior mamillary nucleus), and cortex of anesthetized fasted rats and measured the plasma levels of glucose, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. It was found that the ventromedial hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular hypothalamus, and median site of the lateral-preoptic area were involved in increasing the plasma levels of glucose and epinephrine. From this evidence we conclude that neostigmine acts on selected regions known to be involved in glucoregulation in the hypothalamus to increase the plasma levels of epinephrine and glucose.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Decreased sodium dependent D-glucose transport across renal brush-border membranes in cis-diamminedichloride platinum induced acute renal failure.

Na-coupled D-glucose transport in rabbits with cis-diamminedichloride platinum (CDDP; cisplatin) induced acute renal failure (ARF) has been studied. ARF occurred at 3 days after injection of CDDP (3 mg/kg i.v.). Na-coupled D-glucose transport into brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from both outer cortex (OC) and outer medulla (OM) of ARF rabbits under zero-trans condition was decreased. Increased Km (i.e., decreased affinity of transport carrier for D-glucose) in OC and decreased Vmax (i.e., decreased number of glucose carrier) in OM were observed in CDDP-induced ARF rabbits. Decrease glucose transport was also observed under equilibrium exchange condition. Intravesicular volume of BBMV from OC and OM of ARF rabbits was decreased. In homogenate and BBMV from OC and OM of ARF rabbits, activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase (marker enzymes of brush-border membrane) were decreased. Activities of succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and Na-K ATPase (marker enzymes of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and basal lateral membrane, respectively) were not affected by CDDP administration. These results suggested that one of the main target sites of CDDP in kidney is brush-border membrane (BBM) along the proximal tubule, that is, not only Na-coupled D-glucose transport carrier protein but also other proteins in BBM.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1992

[Influential factors on recurrence of renal cell carcinoma].

In order to clarify factors affecting recurrence, we reviewed 115 renal cell carcinoma patients without distant metastasis at diagnosis (Mo) treated from January 1975 to March 1990 at Sapporo Medical College Hospital. Of these 115 patients, recurrence (metastasis) was found in 23 (20.0%). The non-recurrence rate was 70.6% after the 5-year and 56.5% after the 10-year follow up. In 22 out of 23 patients, recurrence appeared within 3 years following surgery. Multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazard model revealed that lymph node metastasis was the most significant factor for recurrence in the 115 patients followed by stage of the primary tumor and pre-operative acute phase reactant (fever, ESR and alpha 2-globulin) in this order. When the analysis was performed in the 88 patients who was in less advanced stage (pN0pV0-1a), pre-operative acute phase reactant (fever, ESR and alpha 2-globulin) was identified as the only significant factor affecting recurrence. This result suggests that pre-operative acute phase reactant is the most important risk factor for recurrence in this group of patients.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗

PubMed1992

[Diffusely increased uptake in the skull in normal bone scans].

Diffusely increased skull uptake (a hot skull) is often seen in patients with bone metastases and metabolic diseases. This finding is also, however, noticed in normal bone scans of aged women. To determine whether the hot skull could be considered a normal variant in elderly women and is associated to menopause, we studied 282 normal bone scans (166 women and 116 men without metabolic and hormonal disease; age range 11 to 84 yr). We divided the patients into eight age groups--ages 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-89 yrs. Measurements of skull uptake were obtained from anterior total body views using contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). CNR for the skull was calculated using the following equation: (counts skull - counts femur)/square root of counts skull+counts femur, where the denominator signifies a measure of the noise and the numerator represents the contrast between the skull and the midfemur. Counts skull and femur are the number of average counts per one pixel recorded over the skull and midfemur, respectively. The sex dependent difference in skull uptake began to develop in the age group 30-39 yrs (p less than 0.05). The skull showed greater activity in women than in men for age groups from 30-39 to 80-89 yrs. In the age groups 50-59 and 60-69, the difference was particularly large (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Salivary secretion and grooming behaviour during heat exposure in freely moving rats.

1. At neutral (24 degrees C) and at hot (40 degrees C) ambient temperatures (Ta) salivary secretion from the submandibular gland of freely moving rats was recorded, together with simultaneous observation of saliva-spreading behaviour (grooming). 2. At a Ta of 24 degrees C, basal salivary flow was less than 2 microliters/min. When rats were first placed in the experimental chamber, brief grooming bouts often occurred. Transient secretion at more than 10 microliters/min was associated with this grooming, and the rate of salivary flow was positively correlated with the duration of grooming activity. 3. At a Ta of 40 degrees C, grooming appeared frequently and salivary secretion at more than 20 microliters/min continued even between grooming bouts. Threshold rectal temperatures (Tre) for thermally induced grooming (38.2 +/- 0.2 degrees C) and for salivary secretion (38.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C) were similar, and for eleven of sixteen rats the two thresholds coincided. 4. At the threshold Tre both the rate of salivary secretion and the duration of grooming increased in a stepwise fashion. Above the threshold, there was no correlation between the duration of grooming and the rate of salivary flow. 5. Thermally induced salivary secretion and grooming behaviour appear to be controlled by independent mechanisms.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Lateral distribution of hypothalamic signals controlling thermoregulatory vasomotor activity and shivering in rats.

The present study explored the laterality of central nervous thermoregulatory control in anesthetized rats by measuring paw skin vasomotor activity and cold-induced shivering in hind leg muscles during unilateral preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus (POAH) warming and electrical stimulation or during unilateral thermal stimulation of abdominal skin. Unilateral POAH warming produced vasodilation on both sides of the body, but vasodilation on the ipsilateral side always either occurred at a lower threshold hypothalamic temperature or was stronger than on the contralateral side. In a cold environment (5 degrees C), shivering was suppressed simultaneously in both hind legs when one side of the POAH was warmed, and shivering reappeared simultaneously on both sides when POAH warming stopped. These results suggest that different thermoregulatory effectors are regulated in a different way by each side of the POAH. Unilateral thermal stimulation of the abdominal skin, on the other hand, affected vasomotor activity and shivering equally on both sides of the body, as previously reported for its influence on salivary secretion. Skin thermal signals from both sides of the body therefore seem to converge before they act on different thermoregulatory effector systems.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1991

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder or renal pelvis in children.

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder or renal pelvis is rare in children. We report 2 children with TCC of the bladder and 1 with TCC of the renal pelvis. One of the two children with bladder carcinoma experienced frequent intravesical recurrences, which is in contrast to the usual clinical course of bladder carcinoma in children. In the 3rd child, renal pelvic carcinoma was found incidentally in a renal pelvis specimen removed during pyeloplasty.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Studies on pulmonary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma--pulmonary embolism revealed by lung-perfusion imaging and metastasis].

Invasion of renal cell carcinoma to veins is known to have a close relation with pulmonary metastasis. We speculated that a tumor thrombus would lodge in the pulmonary artery before establishment of a clinically apparent pulmonary metastasis. This may be particularly true in patients with renal vein or vena cava involvement of renal cell carcinoma. In this instance, it is crucial to know the clinical consequence of tumor thrombi in the pulmonary artery. Thus, we investigated these issues with the aid of lung-perfusion imaging in 22 renal cell carcinoma patients with and without vein involvement. The lung-perfusion imaging revealed positive in 8 of the patients examined prior to treatment. The incidence of positive finding was well correlated with an extensive vein invasion. Patients with positive imaging prior to treatment were associated with pulmonary metastasis at a higher rate than those with negative findings. These findings have indicated that vein invasion should be related with tumor thrombus formation in the pulmonary artery, and such a status in the lung would, in part, result in pulmonary metastasis. Two different clinical courses were found by an analysis of patients with the positive imaging prior to treatment. One is the clinical course in which positive findings were correlated with a newly developed metastasis in the lung. Thus, care should be taken in development of the metastasis during the follow-up when patients show the positive lung-perfusion imaging prior to treatment. On the other hand, we found two patients in whom the positive findings disappeared during the follow-up.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical efficacy of modified M-VAC chemotherapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma and influence of squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen on efficacy of the chemotherapy].

The efficacy of modified M-VAC chemotherapy was evaluated in twenty-two patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (18 cases of transitional cell carcinoma, 3 of transitional cell associated with squamous cell carcinoma and 1 of squamous cell carcinoma). Among the 22 patients, 14 underwent two or more courses of modified M-VAC chemotherapy and had lesions suitable for the evaluation. Three of the 14 patients achieved complete response and 6 partial response, resulting in a 64.3% response rate. With regard to the direct effect according to the site of the lesion, the response rate was 75% for the urinary bladder, 100% for lung, 100% for subcutaneous tissues, and 75% for lymph nodes metastasis, whereas the chemotherapy was ineffective for metastasis in the bone and muscle. With this neoadjuvant chemotherapy the primary tumor of the urinary bladder was downstaged from T2 to T0 in one patient who showed complete response. In 4 of 5 patients achieving partial response, the primary tumors were downstaged from T2 to T1. Of 9 patients given this chemotherapy for metastatic lesions, 2 achieved complete response and are alive, whereas all 3 without response died of cancer within the 1 year following the chemotherapy. Since most of the cases associated with the squamous cells carcinoma component showed no response to the therapy, it seems that the level of serum squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen may be helpful for predicting the efficacy of modified M-VAC chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Modes of action of local hypothalamic and skin thermal stimulation on salivary secretion in rats.

1. In urethane or ketamine-anaesthetized rats, salivary secretion was observed when local brain sites or trunk skin were stimulated thermally or electrically. 2. Salivary secretion was facilitated by bilateral local brain warming. Sensitive sites were restricted to the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus, but in a region distinct from a previously reported sensitive site for producing saliva-spreading behaviour. 3. Unilateral warming of the preoptic area produced greater salivary secretion from the ipsilateral submandibular/sublingual salivary glands than from the contralateral glands. Electrical stimulation of the same sites elicited salivation only from the ipsilateral glands. 4. Trunk skin, not including the scrotum, was unilaterally cooled when spontaneous salivary secretion was observed in a hot environment. Salivary secretion from both sides was equally suppressed in response to the unilateral skin cooling. 5. We conclude that efferent signals from the anterior part of the hypothalamus project dominantly to the ipsilateral salivary gland for thermally induced salivary secretion. Thermal signals from the skin of either side of the trunk, on the other hand, appear to be integrated and to affect salivary secretion bilaterally.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Circadian variation of thermoregulatory responses during exercise in rats.

Rats exercised on a treadmill at daytime lows and nighttime highs of circadian change in body temperature at two different work intensities [40 and 60% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)] with the ambient temperature (Ta) at 24 degrees C. Immediately before exercise at 60% VO2max, rectal temperature (Tre) was 0.7 degrees C higher at night than during the day. During the exercise, Tre rose more during the day than at night, and Tre at the end of exercise was the same in the day as at night. Threshold Tre for tail vasodilation did not differ between day and night. Similar tendencies of Tre change and tail vasomotor response were observed at a work intensity of 40% VO2max, except that the rise in Tre was smaller than at the higher work intensity. On the other hand, threshold Tre for tail vasodilation spontaneously occurring in resting rats in a warm environment (Ta of 28 degrees C) was 0.7 degrees C higher at night than during the day. In conclusion, exercise in rats attenuates the differences in deep body temperature and threshold Tre for tail vasodilation seen between day and night.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Effects of pyrogen administration on temperature regulation in exercising rats.

To study the mechanism of rise in body temperature during exercise, endogenous pyrogen was administered to exercising rats. At rest and at a neutral ambient temperature (Ta) of 24 degrees C, intravenous injection of recombinant human interleukin 1 (IL-1, 40 micrograms/kg) produced a 0.5 degree C rise in rectal temperature (Tre) from 37.4 degrees C. At Ta of 34 degrees C, at which Tre was 38.6 degrees C, Tre rise in response to IL-1 was only 0.2 degree C greater than when saline was used. In the first series of exercise experiments, rats ran on a treadmill after IL-1 or saline injection at two different work intensities (estimated at 40 and 60% of maximal oxygen uptake) at 24 degrees C Ta. At either work intensity, the magnitude of Tre rise after IL-1 injection was approximately 0.5 degree C higher than after saline injection. Threshold Tre for tail vasodilation increased when IL-1 was injected. The difference in the threshold Tre between the IL-1 and saline conditions was 0.5 degree C at either work intensity. Evaporative heat loss was also suppressed and metabolic heat production facilitated when IL-1 was injected. In a second series of experiments, IL-1 was injected after Tre reached a steady state (38.5 degrees C) during exercise. After IL-1 injection Tre increased another 0.5 degrees C, but after saline injection Tre did not change. These results suggest that body temperature rise during exercise is not induced merely by an insufficient capability of dissipating heat and that the thermoregulatory set point is reset during exercise.

Animals↗