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Biomedical subjects

M Yamazaki

Publications and source records attributed to M Yamazaki.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Molecular phylogeny based on RFLP and its relation with alkaloid patterns in Lupinus plants.

The restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in genomic DNA were detected among six species of Lupinus plants using rice DNA coding for ribosomal RNA (rDNA) as a probe. Additionally, the fragment patterns were compared between alkaloid-rich 'bitter' forms and alkaloid-poor 'sweet' forms of L. albus and L. luteus. The hybridizing patterns for several enzymes were distinguished among these species and between bitter form and sweet form of L. albus. The phylogenic tree constructed from RFLP profiles was related with the pattern of alkaloid production, indicating the usefulness of RFLP for DNA characterization of medicinal plants.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1993

Ascaridole as a pharmacologically active principle of "Paico," a medicinal Peruvian plant.

"Paico," Chenopodium ambrosioides L., is a traditional Peruvian medicine which is considered to be nervine, antirheumatic, anthelmintic, etc. An attempt was made to isolate the component having sedative and/or analgesic properties from "Paico" and "Aritasou" (the Japanese name for C. ambrosioides). Ascaridole was identified as the active principle in both materials.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1993

Identification of immunosuppressive components of a mushroom, Lactarius flavidulus.

Three metabolites having a suppressive effect on proliferation of mouse lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens such as concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were isolated from a mushroom, Lactarius flavidulus, and identified as geranylphenols, flavidulols A, B and C, respectively, which had previously been isolated from the same mushroom. The IC50 values of flavidulols A, B and C were found to be 8.9, 4.9 and 36.3 micrograms/ml against Con A-induced proliferation of mouse lymphocytes, and 6.7, 3.9 and 28.3 micrograms/ml against LPS-induced proliferation, respectively.

Agaricales↗
PubMed1993

Analgesic component of Notopterygium incisum Ting.

Notopterol was identified as the analgesic component of Notopterygium incisum TING by using the acetic acid-induced writhing method. Notopterol also indicated an anti-inflammatory activity by its inhibitory effect in the vascular permeability test. The intensive prolongation of pentobarbital-induced hypnosis was possibly caused by its inhibitory effect on the drug metabolism in liver. Pharmacological differences between the analgesic components of N. incisum, Aralia cordata and Angelica pubescens were also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Antitumor activity of Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 preparation against murine syngeneic tumors].

The antitumor activity of a preparation of heat-killed cells of Enterococcus faecalis, FK-23. Intraperitoneal injection of the preparation prolonged the lifespan of C3H/He N mice which were intraperitoneally inoculated with MM46 mammary carcinoma. Not only intraperitoneal but also oral administration of the FK-23 preparation inhibited the growth of these carcinomas inoculated intradermally. The tumor-bearing mice produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in their sera 2 h after intravenous injection of OK432. This TNF level increased after the mice were fed with food supplemented with the FK-23 preparation. Additionally, the FK-23 preparation inhibited the growth of Meth A fibrosarcoma in cyclophosphamide-treated BALB/c mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The relative assessment of atherosclerosis in vessels of major organs and its factors for progression].

In order to study the relative assessment of atherosclerosis among arteries of various organ (coronary, aortic, peripheral and cerebral artery), 94 patients aged 43-69 underwent examination by coronary angiography (CAG), pulse wave velocity (PWV), ankle pressure index (API) and funduscopy simultaneously. The severity of coronary sclerosis was determined by the coronary atherosclerotic index (CAI) which was based on the size and number of stenotic lesions, which that of funduscopic findings was evaluated using Scheies' score (S+H). The relationship between risk factors of atherosclerosis and each value for the examinations (CAI, PWV, API, S+H) were studied. Furthermore, subjects were divided into two groups of normal or early change groups and a progressive group based on the degree of atherosclerosis. Then, the difference of atherosclerosis in each vessel of major organs was compared. A positive correlation between PWV and age, and a negative correlation between API and age were noted (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). A higher prevalence of hypertension in groups of progressive PWV or API were observed (p < 0.05). Total cholesterol in the CAI progressive group was significantly higher than in the normal group (p < 0.005), and it became higher in relation to the progression of PWV or API (p < 0.001). HDL-C in the progressive groups of CAI, PWV API and S+H were significantly lower (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.02, p < 0.01). On the other hand, glucose intolerance influenced the progression of CAI, PWV, API and S+H, statistically. In subjects whose age was limited to between 55-64, statistically significant correlations were noted between any pair of examinations among CAI, PWV, API and S+H. The percentage of API and S+H progressive groups were lower in CAI normal of PWV early change groups, suggesting earlier sclerotic change of the coronary artery or aorta than that of peripheral or cerebral artery. These results demonstrate that the atherosclerosis in major vessels could be assessed relatively using a non pathological process, which supports the usefulness of these examinations in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Spinal cord infarction associated with primary antiphospholipid syndrome in a young child. Case report.

Antiphospholipid antibodies have been reported to occur in ischemic stroke patients, but there have been no previous reports linking these antibodies to spinal cord infarction. A case of spinal cord infarction associated with primary antiphospholipid syndrome in a 6-year-old boy is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly demonstrated marked swelling of the thoracolumbar spinal cord with gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid enhancement at an acute stage, followed later by cord atrophy. Serological study disclosed positive lupus anticoagulant and immunoglobulin G anticardiolipin antibody. It is suggested that the role of antiphospholipid antibodies as an etiological factor for spinal cord ischemia should be recognized among causes that might have been categorized as either spontaneous spinal cord infarction or myelitis.

Antibodies, Anticardiolipin↗
PubMed1993

Alterations of haemostatic markers in various subtypes and phases of stroke.

The purpose of this study was to clarify differences in coagulation and fibrinolytic activation between the various subtypes and phases of ischaemic stroke. Haemostatic activation markers were measured in 52 patients with cardioembolic stroke, 32 with atherothrombotic stroke and 54 with lacunar stroke and compared with 23 age-matched controls. Data were obtained in the acute (< or = 7 days after onset), subacute (8-28 days) and chronic (> or = 29 days) phases of stroke. In patients with cardioembolic stroke, D-dimer and alpha 2-antiplasmin-plasmin complex levels were higher during the acute and subacute phases, while thrombin-antithrombin III complex levels were higher during the acute phase than in patients with lacunar stroke and controls. In cardioembolic stroke, fibrinopeptide A was increased during the acute and subacute phases, thrombin-antithrombin III complexes were higher during the subacute phase and D-dimer levels were higher during the chronic phase. Protein C activity was lower during the acute phase than in atherothrombotic stroke, lacunar stroke and controls. Protein C antigen was lower during the acute phase than in lacunar stroke and controls and during the chronic phase than in lacunar stroke. In contrast, only D-dimer levels were higher in atherothrombotic stroke patients than controls during the acute and chronic phases and no significant alterations in these markers were observed in the patients with lacunar stroke. These findings suggest that measurement of molecular markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis may be useful for detecting intracardiac thrombin and plasmin generation in patients with cardioembolic stroke.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Meningoencephalitis associated with polyradiculoneuropathy with increased HSV IgG antibody--report of three cases].

We report three patients presented with meningoencephalitis associated with polyradiculoneuropathy with increased HSV IgG antibody titer. The first patient was a 27-year-old woman with meningoencephalitis who developed status epilepticus. The CSF showed pleocytosis and increase in HSV IgG antibody titer. Herpes encephalitis was suspected, and she was treated with acyclovir. The symptoms of meningoencephalitis improved, but she developed flaccid tetraplegia. The NCV study was compatible with polyradiculoneuropathy. About two months later from the onset, muscle atrophy appeared in her all limbs. The second patient was a 23-year-old woman with meningoencephalitis, which was followed by ascending motor paralysis. The CSF showed pleocytosis and increase in HSV IgG antibody titer. The symptoms of meningoencephalitis improved by administration of acyclovir, but paralysis didn't improve. About two months later from the onset, muscle atrophy of all limbs appeared. The NCV study was compatible with polyradiculoneuropathy. The third patient was a 43-year-old man presenting somnolence, neck stiffness and ascending motor paralysis developing into flaccid tetraplegia. The CSF showed pleocytosis and increase in HSV IgG antibody titer. Somnolence and neck stiffness improved by administration of acyclovir but tetraplegia didn't improve. The NCV study was compatible with polyradiculoneuropathy. Immuno-absorption therapy and administration of prednisolone were performed. Meningoencephalitis associated with increased HSV IgG antibody titer is rare. Auto-allergic process which is initiated by HSV infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of polyradiculoneuropathy in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Inhibitory action of bupivacaine on cardiac contraction].

We studied the effects of bupivacaine on the contractility and membrane potentials in isolated dog papillary muscle. Bupivacaine (10(-6)-10(-4) M) produced dose-dependent depression of twitch tension elicited by electrical stimulation. These inhibitory effects were greater at high frequencies of stimulation (2, 3 Hz) than at low frequencies (less than 1 Hz). Bupivacaine did not alter the resting membrane potential, but produced a reduction in Vmax of the action potentials, in a dose-dependent and reversible manner (concentrations from 10(-6) to 10(-4) M). Bupivacaine 10(-4) M often blocked the fast action potentials in normal Tyrode's solution. In high K+ (26 mM) Tyrode's solution, bupivacaine inhibited both slow action potentials and associated contractions in the presence of isoproterenol. These results suggest that low concentrations of bupivacaine decreases the contraction mainly due to Na+ channel block, whereas at higher concentration, this anesthetic may block Ca2+ channels. In addition, isoproterenol may be clinically effective in the treatment of bupivacaine cardiotoxicity due to stimulation of Ca2+ mediated slow action potentials through beta-receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of sevoflurane on contraction and membrane potentials in canine right ventricular myocytes].

The effects of sevoflurane on contraction and membrane potentials were studied in isolated canine ventricular muscle strips. Sevoflurane depressed electrically-induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect was more pronounced in high-K+ Tyrode solution than in normal Tyrode solution suggesting that sevoflurane inhibits transmembrane Ca2+ influx. In electrophysiological studies, sevoflurane depressed both overshoot and the plateau phase of action potentials. Resting membrane potential was not affected by sevoflurane. We conclude that the depression of myocardial contractility by sevoflurane may be due to block of transmembrane calcium influx.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1993

[Electrophysiological effects of ketamine on Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel in single rabbit portal vein cell].

The effects of ketamine on Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel currents were studied in dispersed single smooth muscle cells from rabbit portal vein using inside-out patch clamp technique. In a near physiological K+ and Ca2+ gradient, three populations of outward rectangular single currents were recorded in isolated cell membrane of rabbit portal vein at +60 mV membrane potential. These currents were judged as Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel currents since application of EGTA or Apamin in the internal solution inhibited these currents. Application of 10(-5)M or 10(-4)M ketamine inhibited the number of occurrences of channel opening and decreased open times, but did not reduce the amplitudes. When the 10(-3)M ketamine was applied, the Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel currents were abolished. We suggest that the depression of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel currents may explain the continuous contraction observed in rabbit portal vein at a clinical concentration of ketamine from a point of electrophysiological K+ current study.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[An autopsy case with recent memory disturbance, characterized by localized atrophy of parahippocampal gyrus, subiculum and amygdala].

We reported an autopsy case with recent memory disturbance, characterized by localized atrophy of parahippocampal gyrus, subiculum and amygdala. This patient initially exhibited recent memory disturbance at the age of 73. She was disoriented to time and place and immediately forgot having had a meal. At the age of 75, she was hospitalized because of progressive forgetfulness and congestive heart failure. One year later, she was admitted to our medical center. On admission, she was alert, but showed severe recent memory disturbance and disorientation to time and place. By contrast, she had neither aphasia nor apraxia. No other neurological symptoms were found. Brain CT showed localized atrophy of the medial part of bilateral temporal lobes and brain SPECT (123I-IMP) revealed a decrease of cerebral blood flow in the same regions. We considered her as early stage of Alzheimer type dementia (ATD) clinically. She died of pneumonia and DIC at the age of 78. Her illness lasted about 5 years. General autopsy showed prolapse of mitral valves, bronchopneumonia and DIC. The brain weighed 1,150 gm. Coronal sections of the brain revealed locarized atrophy of bilateral mediobasal part of the temporal lobes including the rostral parahippocampal gyrus, subiculum and amygdala. There were severe neuronal loss with astrogliosis and a few neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the rostral para-hippocampus, CA1 of the hippocampal formation, prosubiculum and amygdala. There were neither senile plaques (SP) nor NFT in the cerebral neocortex. This case lacked neocortical SP and NFT and showed bilateral localized atrophy of rostral parahippocampal gyrus, CA1, subiculum and related structure of the ventromedial temporal lobe with severe neuronal loss and astrogliosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome--report of two patients in a family with muscle CT study].

Two patients with Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome in a family were characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance, congenital cataract, cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, short stature and variable skeletal abnormalities. Muscle biopsy specimens showed replacement of muscle fibers by fat and fibrous tissue, a marked variation of fiber size and a rimmed vacuole formation. Nerve biopsy specimens showed a reduced number of myelinated nerve fibers in the sural nerves. Muscle CT revealed atrophy of the quadriceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Accordingly, extensor muscles in the thighs were more preferentially involved than flexor muscles in the legs.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[An acute axonal form of Guillain-Barré syndrome with autoantibody against ganglioside GD1b--a case report].

We reported a 3-year-old boy of an acute axonal form of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with autoantibody against GD1b ganglioside. A week after an episode of upper respiratory infection, he was hospitalized with a weakness in the lower extremities. Neurological examination revealed facial weakness, restricted extra-ocular movement, hyporeflexia and tetraparesis without any sensory impairment. CSF protein was elevated with normal cell count after the first week of symptoms. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated normal motor nerve conduction velocity and low M potential amplitude. He had been on a respirator for two months. Although he received plasmapheresis in the acute phase, sixteen month after the onset he continued to have distally dominant limb weakness with wasting. Thin-layer chromatogram with immunostaining revealed that serum IgG from this patient reacted with GD1b, but did not react with GM1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that anti-GD1b titer (IgG) decreased concurrently with the clinical improvement. There have been several reports of an acute axonal form of GBS with antibody to GM1. GD1b, as well as GM1, seems to be a target pathogenic antigen in motor axon disorders.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1993

Eosinophilic infiltration of the liver in primary biliary cirrhosis: a morphological study.

Eosinophils and their secretory proteins are important in necroinflammatory processes. In this study we surveyed eosinophilic infiltration of the liver in 176 liver biopsy specimens from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. A considerable number of eosinophils were found in the portal tracts in 51 of these specimens (29%), whereas this finding occurred in only 2 of 50 (4%) specimens from patients with viral chronic active hepatitis. Eosinophilic infiltration of the portal tracts was focal. These eosinophils were immunohistochemically shown to contain the secreted form of eosinophilic cationic protein. Grades of eosinophilic infiltration of the portal tracts were higher in those livers with higher grades of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, granulomas and florid duct lesion in the portal tracts, and they were lower in those livers with higher grades of bile duct disappearance and orcein-positive granuoles in hepatocytes. In the livers of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, eosinophils were abundant around the damaged bile ducts, around the portal vein branches and at the marginal regions, and they were scattered in the portal tracts, whereas only the last pattern was seen in viral chronic active hepatitis. Peripheral blood eosinophils tended to be increased in primary biliary cirrhosis patients with higher grades of eosinophilic infiltration of the portal tracts. Eosinophilic infiltration of the portal tracts may play a role in immunological injuries of the interlobular bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Adult↗