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Biomedical subjects

M Yamauchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Yamauchi.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Utility of acetated Ringer solution as intraoperative fluids during hepatectomy].

We used acetated Ringer (AR) and lactated Ringer (LR) solutions as an intraoperative fluid during hepatectomy and evaluated their effects on intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamics, metabolism, blood gas and renal as well as liver functions. Twenty patients scheduled for hepatectomy were divided into two groups according to the type of infused solution, AR or LR. The infusion rate was 15 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1 with the first 500 ml and thereafter reduced to 10 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1. Intraoperative serum lactate levels increased significantly in both groups. However, the level of lactate in the LR group (48.6 +/- 16.4 mg.dl-1) was significantly higher than in the AR group (29.1 +/- 14.3 mg.dl-1) at the end of the operation. D-lactate level was significantly higher in the LR group than in the AR group during the operation. Although acetate level increased significantly during the operation in the AR group, it decreased to the normal range at the end of the operation. There were no significant differences in the other parameters between the two groups. These results suggest that AR may be more useful in hepatectomy than LR as an intraoperative fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of drug sensitivities to gastric cancers by SDI test--study of quality control of SDI test by simulation test].

For the purpose to evaluate the feasibility of SDI test, a drug sensitivity test, against resected gastric cancer, a multiinstitutional study consisted of multiple institute, the 16th specified study was planned by Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer. SDI test was performed individually in 15 institutes in Japan using surgically resected specimens from the patients with gastric cancer. The strict quality control was necessary to unify the method and the technique of this test in 15 institutes. Tumor bearing nude mice were delivered to each institute and the test was performed simultaneously. The data of test were sent by personal computer to Department of Surgery II Nagoya University. These data were estimated by two factors. One is the deviation of data in one institute and the other is the deviation of data among 15 institutes. This simulation test was continued through this study, 4 institutes could not pass this simulation test but the data from other three institute indicated excellent uniformity.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Quantitative RT-PCR assay detecting the transcriptional induction of vascular endothelial growth factor under hypoxia.

Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to examine the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transcript in human osteosarcoma cells, MG-63, under hypoxic culture condition. Using this assay system, the expression of VEGF mRNA was estimated eight-fold higher when cells were cultured under hypoxic condition. Transcription level of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mRNA was also examined as an internal control. HPRT mRNA level under hypoxia was reduced to one fourteenth. Secretion of VEGF into the cell culture medium was implied by its stimulating activity on the growth of mouse vascular endothelial cultured cells in vitro.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1994

Haplotype analysis at the FRAXA locus in the Japanese population.

Fragile X syndrome, one of the most common human genetic diseases, is characterized by a unique genetic mechanism which involves dynamic mutation in a heritable unstable DNA sequence, a p(CCG)n repeat, in the FRAXA locus. It has recently been suggested that a few founder chromosomes are responsible for most fragile X mutations in the Caucasian population. In order to investigate the origin of the fragile X mutations in the Japanese population, we analyzed haplotypes of the FRAXA locus in 40 unrelated fragile X chromosomes and 142 normal X chromosomes in Japanese males, by using two polymorphic AC repeats, FRAXAC1 and FRAXAC2, which flank the fragile site. This analysis provided evidence for founder fragile X chromosomes in the Japanese population, similar to that in Caucasians, although different haplotypes are involved. The distribution of normal allele size of the p(CCG)n repeat among the X chromosomes in the Japanese population is very similar to that reported for Caucasians, except that the most frequent copy number (n = 28) is one copy less than that in Caucasians and that there is an additional peak at 35 copies. There is significant correlation between FRAXAC alleles and the p(CCG)n repeat copy number in non-fragile X chromosomes, however, alleles with more than 31 copies of the p(CCG)n repeat do not segregate with either of the fragile X common FRAXAC haplotypes.

Asian People↗
PubMed1994

Expression of nm23 H-1 RNA levels in human gastric cancer tissues. A negative correlation with nodal metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Gene expression of nm23 has been investigated in number of tumors, including breast cancer, colon cancer, malignant melanoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Its down-regulation has been shown to be associated with metastasis or disease progression in some of the tumors. METHODS: nm23 H-1 mRNA levels were investigated in 31 surgically resected specimens of gastric cancer by Northern blot analysis, and association with clinical stages was determined. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in nm23 expression between tumor and matching normal mucosa. There was a significant down-regulation of the nm23 gene in gastric cancer with serosal invasion (T3 and T4 by the TNM classification) and nodal metastasis (pN1 and pN2), although the association of the down-regulation with clinically manifest hepatic or peritoneal metastasis was not significant. The tumors with low nm23 expression were associated with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: It was suggested that the down-regulation of nm23 gene might have a role in metastasis and invasion in gastric cancer, possibly leading to a poor prognosis.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1994

Expression of glutathione-S-transferases alpha and pi in gastric cancer: a correlation with cisplatin resistance.

Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in one of several factors that are proposed to affect tumor sensitivity to anticancer drugs, including cisplatin (CDDP). Attempts are made herein to evaluate the significance of the enzymes in resistance to CDDP in clinical samples of gastric cancer. A total of 22 gastric cancer specimens, 16 of which were obtained with matching normal mucosae, underwent immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies against GST-alpha and GST-pi. At the same time, the chemosensitivity of 15 gastric cancer specimens to CDDP was evaluated by the succinic dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test. The expression of GST-pi was detected in all the specimens, and its content in the neoplasms exhibited a significant positive correlation with that in the matched normal mucosae. The expression of GST-alpha was detected in 18 of 22 cancer specimens (82%), but its content in the neoplasms did not correlate with that in the matched mucosae. A comparison of the drug-sensitivity findings with the results of immunoblotting revealed a weak but interesting correlation between the protein levels of GST-alpha and CDDP resistance. The cellular content of GST-alpha correlated weakly with CDDP resistance in gastric cancer, and its quantification could contribute to prediction of the clinical effects of CDDP in patients with gastric cancer.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1994

Sequence tagged sites of microclones obtained by microdissection of a human chromosomal region 11q23 and isolation of yeast artificial chromosomes.

A human chromosomal region 11q23-specific DNA library has been constructed by means of microdissection-microcloning method with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique (Seki et al., Genomics 16: 1993). DNA sequences were determined for 25 microclones that contained approximately 300-500 bp insert and gave a unique (single copy) signal in Southern blot analysis. The sequence tagged site (STS) was designed and appropriate condition for PCR was determined for each unique microclone. Twelve STSs were established and used for PCR-screening of human genomic libraries constructed with yeast artificial chromosome (YAC). Thirteen YAC clones have been isolated from eight STSs. These chromosomal region-specific STSs and YAC clones will be useful in the positional cloning of disease-related genes localized to the q23 region of chromosome 11.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Expression of pi-glutathione S-transferase gene (GSTP1) in gastric cancer: lack of correlation with resistance against cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II).

Class pi-glutathione S-transferase (GSTP-1) is one of several factors proposed to affect drug sensitivity to cisdiamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP). It has also been investigated as a potential marker for the serodiagnosis of various types of cancers. In this study, attempts were made to quantify mRNA levels of the enzyme in healthy and cancerous gastric mucosa specimens, and to evaluate their significance in inherent drug resistance to CDDP. Thirty gastric cancer specimens were analysed by northern blotting with radiolabelled GSTP1 cDNA. Of these, the chemosensitivities of 22 specimens were evaluated by the succinic dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test. GSTP-1 mRNA was detected in all the specimens, with slightly increased, but non-significant expression in the neoplasms. Comparison of these drug sensitivities with results of northern blotting analysis showed no inverse correlation, as was expected from the widely investigated role of the enzyme in drug resistance.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1994

Serum levels of integrins in chronic liver diseases.

The serum levels of beta 1 integrin (microgram/ml) were significantly higher in the patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (2.59 +/- 0.04), chronic active hepatitis (3.45 +/- 0.13), cirrhosis (4.77 +/- 0.30) and hepatocellular carcinoma (4.71 +/- 0.49) than in normal subjects (2.11 +/- 0.08). Serum levels of beta 3 integrin (microgram/ml) were significantly higher in the patients with chronic active hepatitis (10.48 +/- 1.22), liver cirrhosis (13.55 +/- 1.54) and hepatocellular carcinoma (14.1 +/- 1.77) when compared with normal subjects (5.51 +/- 0.52). A positive correlation was found between serum levels of beta 1 and beta 3 integrins (p < 0.001). A strong positive correlation was observed between serum levels of beta 1 integrin and histologic features, particularly in the degree of hepatic fibrosis, while no correlation was found between serum levels of beta 3 integrin and hepatic fibrosis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the beta 1 integrin was present on the plasma membranes of hepatocytes and sinusoidal lining cells in the normal liver, and was increased in fibrotic areas, and on the plasma membranes of hepatocytes and sinusoidal lining cells of the chronic liver disease. However, no positive staining for beta 3 integrin was observed in fibrotic area. The serum level of beta 1 integrin in patients with chronic liver diseases may therefore be a useful marker of hepatic fibrosis.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

Serum tenascin levels in chronic liver disease.

To evaluate the diagnostic significance of tenascin, the extracellular matrix glycoprotein in chronic liver disease, serum tenascin levels were measured by a newly developed ELISA in 21 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, in 55 with chronic active hepatitis, in 59 with liver cirrhosis, in 31 with hepatocellular carcinoma, in 26 with acute hepatitis and in 66 healthy subjects. The serum tenascin level was significantly elevated in the patients with chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and acute hepatitis when compared with the healthy subjects (p < 0.001). The serum tenascin level also increased with increasing severity of chronic liver diseases. A significant correlation was observed between the serum tenascin levels and serum levels of various extracellular matrix proteins such as type III procollagen N-aminoterminal peptide (PIIIP), laminin and the 7S domain of type IV collagen (p < 0.001). A strong positive correlation was observed between the serum tenascin levels and histologic findings, particularly in the degree of hepatic fibrosis. This is the first report documenting serum tenascin level increases in patients with various chronic liver diseases. The measurement of the serum tenascin levels may provide additional information relevant to the study of connective tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C in intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Eight patients with malignancies confined to the peritoneal space participated in this study. Five hundred milligrams 5-fluorouracil or 10 mg mitomycin C was diluted in 1 L saline. The mixed solution was injected intraperitoneally through the semi-permanent peritoneal catheter. Blood and peritoneal fluid were collected after injection. 5-Fluorouracil concentrations in the peritoneal fluid were 1000 times those in serum, while mitomycin C concentrations were 100 times those in serum. Areas under the concentration vs time curve (AUC) were calculated by the trapezoidal method with extrapolation to infinity. The ratio of peritoneal fluid AUC to serum AUC was about 1400 for 5-fluorouracil and 80 for mitomycin C. Patterns for the absorption and elimination from systemic circulation were similar for both compounds. Drug concentrations in the peritoneal fluid and serum were analysed according to the compartment model. The half-life in the peritoneal fluid (t1/2p) and the rate constant from the peritoneal fluid to the systemic circulation (ka) were nearly equal for both 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C (t1/2p, 1.0 h for 5-fluorouracil and 1.3 h for mitomycin C; ka 0.71 h-1 for 5-fluorouracil and 0.68 h-1 for mitomycin C), although the apparent volume of distribution (Vds/F) and clearance in the peritoneal cavity (CLp) for mitomycin C (78 L m-2 and 1.8 L h-1 m-2) were about twice the values for 5-fluorouracil (149 L m-2 and 0.8 L h-1 m-2).

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

Elastin cross-linking in the skin from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Two cross-links unique to elastin, desmosine and isodesmosine were measured and compared in skin tissue (left upper arm) from 10 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and from seven age-matched controls. The contents of desmosine and isodesmosine were significantly decreased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively) in patients with ALS compared with those of controls, and were negatively and significantly associated with duration of illness in ALS patients (r = -0.77, p < 0.01 and r = -0.65, p < 0.05, respectively). The decline in skin desmosine and isodesmosine is more rapid in ALS than in normal ageing. Thus cross-linking of skin elastin is affected in ALS.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Amorphous material of the skin in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a morphologic and biochemical study.

We performed morphologic studies on skin from seven patients with ALS and seven control subjects. By light microscopy, the wide spaces that separated collagen bundles reacted strongly with colloidal iron and alcian blue in ALS patients. Electron microscopy revealed markedly increased amorphous material that was positive for ruthenium red in the ground substance. These findings were not present in controls. Quantitative amino acid analysis showed that the amount of total amino acids (nmoles per mg dry weight) was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in ALS patients compared with that of controls, and there was a significant negative correlation between skin amino acid content and duration of illness in ALS patients (r = -0.83, p < 0.001). These morphologic findings and biochemical data indicate that the amorphous material, which is markedly increased in ALS skin, includes glycosaminoglycans.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of dynamic mutation associated with fragile X syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome is the most common familial form of mental retardation and known to be associated with the fragile site at Xq27.3 (FRAXA). The syndrome has recently been characterized by a unique genetic mechanism which involves dynamic mutation due to a heritable unstable DNA sequence, p(CCG)n repeat, in the FRAXA locus. We were asked to make a genetic diagnosis on the case of a normal male who has two brothers and a maternal uncle with mental retardation. We performed the pedigree analysis of the fragile X syndrome using both cytogenetic and molecular techniques. The affected two brothers and the uncle showed cytogenetic expression of the fra (X)(q27.3) and carried hypermethylated full mutation in the FRAXA locus. The phenotypically normal mother also exhibited fragile X expression and was found to be a carrier of premutation. Via female transmission, the premutation converted to full mutation and exhibited somatic heterogeneity and hypermethylation. However, both cytogenetic and molecular data did not show any evidence of fragile X mutation in the normal male client and, thus, excluded the possibility of his being a carrier.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Chronic hepatitis C complicated by Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia during interferon treatment.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an autoimmune diseases which is reported to be caused by interferon treatment. A 33-year-old male with chronic hepatitis C developed Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia, probably due to administration of interferon-alpha 2b. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of chronic hepatitis C complicated by Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia during interferon treatment.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1994

[A case of aortitis operated twice Bentall's operation due to valve (graft) detachment].

A 40-year-old man had received emergency Bentall's operation due to acute aortic regurgitation (AR) of aortitis in October, 24, 1990. On out patient clinic, the CRP had been kept from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dl in dose of 10 mg of prednisolone. In the midnight of November, 17, 1992, his condition deteriorated to circulatory shock and echocardiography revealed massive AR due to para-annular graft detachment with large pseudoaneurysm of 50 mm. He was transferred for emergency operation. The composite graft shifted 2-3 cm above the annulus and detached in three quarter of the annulus. Distal anastomosis was also detached in half of anastomosis and coronary anastomosis almost detached. He was operated on modified Bentall's operation employing Piehler's technique and he is now followed in dose of 10 mg of prednisolone. There are some cases of aortitis showing recurrent valve or graft detachment like this case, even if modified Bentall's operation have been done to decrease the mechanical stress to the annulus and the inflammation have been controlled under the dosage of steroid.

Adult↗