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Biomedical subjects

M Yamane

Publications and source records attributed to M Yamane.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Phenotypic modulation in lipocytes in experimental liver fibrosis.

The presence of a-smooth muscle actin (smA)-positive cells has recently been reported in the fibrotic liver. Lipocytes have been considered to play important roles in hepatic fibrosis. However, the relation of the a-smA-positive cells and lipocytes has not been determined. The biological implication of a-smA expression remains unknown. To study these questions, we carried out double immunofluorescent staining of a-smA and desmin (a marker for lipocytes), or a-smA and collagen, and double immunohistochemical staining of a-smA and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) in carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrotic rat livers. In normal and control livers, a-smA-positive cells were not seen in the lobules, whereas scattered desmin-positive cells were present. With the development of hepatic fibrosis, a-smA was expressed only in a portion of desmin-positive cells located predominantly around collagen bundles. A number of a-smA-positive cells in the lobules were labelled with BrdUrd. These results suggest phenotypic modulation in lipocytes and differentiation of lipocytes towards myofibroblast-like cells, since a-smA is expressed with desmin in myofibroblasts in scar tissue. The expression of a-smA may be related to events of the fibrotic process, such as tissue contraction or fibrogenesis per se.

Actins↗
PubMed1991

Geotropic ocular deviation with skew and absence of saccade in Creutzfelt-Jakob disease.

Three patients with Creutzfelt-Jakob disease (CJD) showed characteristic ocular manifestations. The head was turned left or right with the eyes deviated downward and skewed. When the head was turned to one side, the eyes very slowly deviated to that side. In addition, spontaneous ocular movements were very slow with no saccadic component early in the apathetic stage. Caloric stimulation produced tonic deviation to the appropriate side without nystagmus. At autopsy one patient showed lesions compatible with the panencephalopathic type of CJD. Although bilateral pretectal areas had marked gliosis, other nuclei and structures associated with oculomotor system in the brainstem, including the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, vestibular and perihypoglossal nuclei, medial longitudinal fasciculus and para-median pontine reticular formation were preserved. These patients had a supranuclear disorder, probably caused by combined disruption of the direct and indirect frontal eye field to the brainstem pathways plus impairment of the superior colliculus-mediated saccade pathways.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacological effects of the novel dopamine uptake inhibitor 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl) piperazine dihydrochloride (I-893) on the central nervous system].

The effects of 1-[2-[bis (4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3- phenylpropyl) piperazine dihydrochloride (I-893) on the central nervous system were behaviorally and electroencephalographically investigated. Intraperitoneally injected I-893 (5-10 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased spontaneous motor activity in mice, but repeated injections did not affect the increase in the locomotor activity. In reserpinized mice, spontaneous motor activity was not increased by oral I-893. In alpha-MPT-treated mice, the motor activity was lower than that in vehicle-treated animals with intermediate doses (10-40 mg/kg, p.o.) of I-893, but there was no difference between the two groups with high doses. In rats with unilaterally 6-OHDA-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway, I-893 induced circling behavior toward the lesioned side. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats was reduced by I-893. Tremorine-induced tremor in mice was inhibited by I-893. The effect was not altered in the mice treated with I-893 for 10 days. Oral I-893 induced stereotypy in rats, but it did not affect methamphetamine-induced stereotypy. Hypnosis induced by barbiturates was antagonized by I-893. In rats treated with I-893 for 6 days, pentobarbital-induced sleep was not different from that in vehicle-treated animals on the day after the final treatment. Intravenous I-893 altered EEGs in the cerebral cortex and amygdala nucleus to low voltage and fast waves and altered hippocampal EEG to theta waves in immobilized rabbits. These results suggest that I-893 inhibits re-uptake of dopamine released by exocytosis and indirectly has dopaminergic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

X-ray sensitivity of fibroblast cell strains derived from atomic bomb survivors with and without breast cancer.

Fibroblasts were established in vitro from skin biopsies obtained from 55 women and 1 man with or without breast cancer and with or without exposure to radiations from the atomic bomb (A-bomb) explosion in Hiroshima. The radiosensitivity of these cells was evaluated by clonogenic assays after exposure to X-rays. Dose-response curves were fitted to a multitarget model, S/S0 = A[1-(1-e-D/D0)N]. There was no difference in the means or variances of radiosensitivity between exposed and nonexposed groups, or between groups with and without breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Isolated medial orbital wall fracture and late fronto-ethmoidal mucocele].

Twenty-one cases of isolated medial orbital wall fractures were reported and CT findings by coronal planes were evaluated as to the effects of fractures upon the ethmoidal cells and nasal meati. Three coronal planes, which respectively contain such structures as Agger nasi, Pars membranacea and superior meatus, were selected for the study. The extent of fracture was evaluated by dividing the medial wall into three equal portions, i.e., superior, middle and inferior. The prolapsed volume was evaluated in three classes of occupying 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 of the ethmoid. The presence of soft tissue density was recorded at the three surfaces, upper, medial and lower, around the prolapsed orbital content. The extent of the fracture was most often seen in such cases as involving all the three divisions in 41.3%. The prolapsed volume occupying 1/3 was seen in 28, 6%, and 2/3 in 23.8%. The presence of soft tissue density was seen in 38.1% of upper surface, in 36.5% of medial, and 11.1% of lower. Summarizing the total effects of the fractures, the coronal plane containing Pars membranacea was most severely damaged followed by the plane of the superior meatus. Two rare cases of fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles, caused by the traumas of 23 and 14 years before respectively, were also included and reported. The ophthalmological prognosis was favorable in 90.5% of cases by observations extending more than 6 months. Five cases were surgically treated including two cases of mucoceles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Anatomical study on the sphenoidal sinus and petrous apex cells].

Morphological relation between the sphenoidal sinus and the petrous apex cell was studied using HRCT images obtained by 339 adults and 43 infants. The adults were classified into normal group (without chronic otitis media or its surgery) 237 cases, and otitis group (chronic otitis media or its post. op.), 102 cases. The posterior extent of the sphenoidal sinus was evaluated in reference to the carotid canal, and the petrous apex cells were evaluated by their mode of distribution in the apex. In the normal adults, no evident relation was seen between the posterior extent and the mode of distribution. Although adult normal female showed statistically significant better development of the posterior extent, sinus-cell relation was similar between both sexes. The adult normal group and otitis group behave similarly by sinus-cell relation, i.e., no evident relation, although inhibited mode of distribution was seen by otitis group. When the adult and infant were compared, the sinus-cell relation was similar and the posterior extent suffered underdevelopment by infant. The distance, between the posterior extension of the sphenoidal sinus and the apex cell at the medial-anterior tip of the petrous bone, is between 8-16 mm and the contact of the both separated by thin bony wall (less than 0.5 mm) was seen in 3 adult cases (0.9%). Both the sphenoidal sinus and the petrous apex cells are under genetic influence of variable degree, separate genes seem to be at work, thus effecting no evident relation between the two. Apart from the internal or genetic influence, environmental or outer influence also affects the development of the two, less than the genetic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Radiosensitivity of skin fibroblasts from atomic bomb survivors with and without breast cancer.

Fibroblasts were established in vitro from skin biopsies obtained from 55 women and 1 man with or without breast cancer and with or without exposure to radiation from the atomic bomb explosion in Hiroshima. The radiosensitivity of these cells was evaluated by clonogenic assays after exposure to X-rays or to fission neutrons from a 252Cf source. Data were fitted to a multitarget model, S/S0 = A [1 - (1 - ekD)N], for both X-ray and neutron dose-survival curves. A single hit model, S/S0 = AekD, fits the neutron dose-survival responses as well. There were no differences in the means or variances of radiosensitivity between exposed and nonexposed groups or between patients with or without breast cancer. Hence, although the sample is not large, it provides no support for the hypothesis that atomic bomb radiation preferentially induces breast cancer in women whose cells in vitro are sensitive to cell killing by radiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Rapid and simple method for the determination of nimustine hydrochloride in human blood and brain by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A simple method for the determination of nimustine hydrochloride in blood and brain by high-performance liquid chromatography was developed. A pH 4.52 buffer was used in the extraction from blood and a pH 5.0 buffer was used for brain. A pre-packed Extrelut column was used to make the extraction procedure uncomplicated. At room temperature light-resistant test-tubes were unnecessary. The lower limit of detection was 50 ng/ml for blood and 100 ng/g for brain. This method may be useful for the determination of nimustine hydrochloride in blood and brain samples from patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Upbeat nystagmus influenced by posture: report of two cases.

Two cases of vertical gaze nystagmus, which were influenced by posture are reported. In both cases, upbeat nystagmus (UBN) on forward gaze in upright and supine positions changed to downbeat nystagmus (DBN) in prone position. Convergence had no influence on the vertical nystagmus. A CT scan revealed an atrophy of the anterior vermis of the cerebellum in the first case. The UBN of the second case was suspected to be associated with lesions in the brachium conjunctivum. The authors concluded that both UBN and DBN were not completely separate, but they could coexist in cases with certain lesions in the posterior cranial fossa.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The mechanism for erosion of glass-ionomer cements in organic-acid buffer solutions.

The behavior and mechanism for erosion of glass-ionomer cements in organic-acid buffer solutions were studied as a function of time, pH, and citric-acid concentration. In acidic solutions, the dissolution of the cement was controlled by the diffusion of the eluted species in the cement matrix, which depended on H+ ion concentration. In citric-acid solutions, the dissolution of the cement was controlled by both the diffusion and the surface reaction between the acid anion and the eluted species. Contribution of the latter reaction was larger with the increase in the acid concentration.

Acetates↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical anatomy of the so-called dangerous frontal sinus (Boenninghaus)].

Surgically dangerous type of frontal sinus was first reported by Boenninghaus in 1923. The present study concerns with the types and incidence of the dangerous frontal sinus as investigated by axial scans of HRCT. A total of 286 adult and 33 infant cases was included. The anterior end of the olfactory groove was first classified into three types, i.e., normal type, obliterated type (obliterated by cancellous bone) and dangerous type (with Recessus cristae galli and Torus olfactorius). In the adult, the incidences of these types are, 67.2, 18.5 and 14.3%. In the infant, incidences are 42.4, 51.5 and 6.1%. In the adult, the incidences do not differ in sex and sides. The dangerous type was classified into moderate and severe according to the depth of Recessus cristae galli, those with 1.5-2.9 mm depth are moderate and those over 3.0 mm are severe. The moderate dangerous type was seen in 30 sides and severe in 46 sides. In addition to the depth of Recessus cristae galli, distances from Torus olfactorius to the anterior sinus wall and the frontal skin surface were also included. These distances tend to be larger in male.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A case of mediastinal schwannoma originating from the thoracic vagal nerve complicated by early stomach cancer].

Most of primary tumors of the nerves arising in the mediastinum originate from the sympathetic or intercostal nerves. Schwannoma developing from the vagal nerve is very rare. The patient was a 73-year-old male referred to us with abnormal chest X-rays and stomach cancer. One-staged operation was performed by thoracic and upper abdominal median incision. The tumor was removed, which measured 6 X 5 X 4 cm and involved the origin of the left recurrent nerve, by neurectomy. To our knowledge, this was the 18th reported case of schwannoma of the intrathoracic vagal nerve in Japan. A similar schwannoma was observed also in the celiac plexus, and this case was also a rare instance of multiple schwannoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Repression of cytochrome P-450c gene expression by cotransfection with adenovirus E1a DNA.

Gene expression of rat cytochrome P-450c (P-450c) depends upon inducible enhancers scattered in the 5'-upstream region of the gene. We show that expression of the P-450c gene is repressed by contransfection with adenovirus E1a DNA, regardless of the presence or absence of inducers, in a transient expression system of HeLa cells. Since cotransfection of either 13S or 12S E1a cDNA was effective in the repression, the region necessary for repression could be separated from that of transactivation of other adenovirus early genes. Moreover, we investigated the regions responsible for the inhibitory activity using in-frame deletion mutants lacking internal or external portions of the E1a proteins. The sequence responsible for the repression was located in the amino-terminal half of the E1a proteins. The inducible expression of the chimeric plasmid containing a 24-base-pair enhancer sequence of the P-450c gene placed in a heterologous promoter of SV40 was repressed by cotransfection with E1a DNA, suggesting strongly that the inhibitory effect of the E1a proteins upon P-450c gene expression was caused by blocking the enhancer activity.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1989

[The surgical treatment of ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm with use of permanent bypass].

Two surgical cases with ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm were reviewed. Case 1 was a 74-year-old female, and Case 2 was a 77-year-old female. In both cases, chest X-ray examination revealed a mass like shadow in the left superior mediastinum, and aortography demonstrated a ruptured saccular aneurysm distal to the left subclavian artery. Midsternotomy and an incision over the third left intercostal space were made to approach the aneurysm. Since inflammatory adhesion was marked in the perianeurysmal area, a permanent bypass was placed between the ascending and descending aorta followed by exclusion of the aneurysm. One of the two cases was alive, but the other case was died due to bleeding from the area of permanent aortic clamp.

Aged↗