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Biomedical subjects

M Yamamura

Publications and source records attributed to M Yamamura.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of pretreatment with cadmium/cysteine or metallothionein on accumulation of cadmium challenged with either complexes.

The effect of pretreatment with cadmium (Cd) complexes on the distribution and accumulation of Cd in the liver and kidneys was examined for the Cd complexes that are reabsorbed site-selectively at the renal proximal tubules of rats. Cd was administered simultaneously with excess cysteine or as metallothionein (MT) and then challenged by either complex, the former complex being reabsorbed preferentially at the S3 segment of proximal tubules of the outer stripe of the outer medullary zone, while the latter complex was reabsorbed at the S1 + S2 segments of proximal tubules. Cd in the kidneys was increased by pretreatment with either complex. On the other hand, pretreatment reduced the distribution of Cd to the liver. However, no site-selective effects were observed with either complexes. Calcium concentration, which was elevated significantly in the kidneys by a single injection of both complexes, was reduced by pretreatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Microsurgical reconstructive surgery following wide resection of bone and soft tissue sarcomas in the upper extremities.

A preliminary report is presented of six cases of microsurgical tissue transfer following wide tumor resection, utilizing free vascularized fibula graft (five cases) and free vascularized muscle graft (one case). In five cases, the grafted tissue survived completely, and the attempted functional reconstruction was successful. Although the follow-up period has been relatively short, there has been no local recurrence or distant metastasis in any of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Behavioral pharmacological properties of nicergoline. Effects on gross-behavior in rats and monkeys and on DRL response, CER, and CAR in rats].

Whether nicergoline has psychotropic-like pharmacological properties was examined through the gross-behavioral and operant behavioral observations in rats and monkeys. In gross-behavioral observations, slight decrement of spontaneous motor activity, lying on the abdomen and relaxation of abdominal tone were observed in rats when nicergoline was administered intravenously (1 mg/kg or more) and intraperitoneally (4 mg/kg or more). However, when it was administered orally, slight decrement of spontaneous motor activity was observed only at large doses of 32 and 128 mg/kg. In monkeys, nicergoline produced decrement of spontaneous motor activity, palpebral ptosis, and lacrimation when administered intraperitoneally at doses of 1 mg/kg or more. Under a differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) schedule for food reinforcement in rats, nicergoline depressed the response at 4 mg/kg, i.p., or 128 mg/kg, orally. In conditioned emotional response (CER), nicergoline had no effect on the responses during both the alarm and safe periods at doses of 0.25, 1, and 4 mg/kg, i.p., or 8, 32, and 128 mg/kg, p.o. In Sidman continuous avoidance response (CAR), nicergoline (0.25, 1, and 4 mg/kg, i.p., or 8, 32, and 128 mg/kg, p.o.) slightly depressed the response and increased the total shock. These results were compared with those of chlorpromazine, chlordiazepoxide, pentobarbital, and methamphetamine and the following conclusion was drawn: Inhibitory effects of nicergoline on gross and operant behaviors seem to be non-specific, and its behavioral pharmacological properties are qualitatively different from those of anti-psychotics, anti-anxietics, hypnotics, and stimulants.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Thymidylate synthase inhibition in malignant tumors after oral administration of UFT].

Surgical resection of solid tumors was undertaken five to six hours after the oral administration of UFT (300-500 mg/body) in five patients, who were (then) assayed for 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP), total dTMP synthase (TS) and non-FdUMP-bound, free enzyme. Three patients had gastric cancer, and two had mammary cancer. Control solid tumors were obtained without, the drug in eight patients. Six patients had gastric cancer. Eight had mammary cancer. Total TS averaged 2.04 p mol/g in the malignant tissues. TS inhibition averaged 40.1% to 57.1% in gastric cancer and 17.1% to 52.7% in mammary cancer. These data suggest that TS inhibition after oral administration of 5FU derivatives may be usefully studied for biochemical parameters of mechanisms of drug resistance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Inhibitory effect of dietary selenium on carcinogenesis in rat glandular stomach induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

The influence of dietary selenium on the incidence of stomach carcinoma induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was studied in 108 rats that survived for over 10 wk. The incidence of glandular stomach cancer in the high-selenium (4.0 ppm) diet group (20 carcinomas in 54 rats) was lower than in the low-selenium (0.1 ppm) diet group (33 carcinomas in 54 rats). The selenium level and glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood, liver, and stomach mucosa were significantly higher in the high-selenium diet group than in the low-selenium diet group. Glutathione peroxidase activity as well as the concentration of selenium in the glandular stomach was increased significantly in the high-selenium diet group.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Incorporation of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin into carcinoma cell nuclei of human stomach adenocarcinoma transplanted into nude mice.

Human stomach adenocarcinomas containing alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) in their cell nuclei were transplanted into nude mice. The presence of ACT was monitored using an immunohistochemical technique with horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit anti-ACT Fab' as well as single radial immunodiffusion. Two weeks after transplantation, ACT could be found neither in transplanted carcinoma cells nor in the sera of carcinoma-bearing nude mice. However, if human ACT was injected i.v., it could be detected in the transplanted carcinoma cell nuclei 2 h after injection. The ACT was detected immunohistochemically and was confirmed by biochemical fractionation using 125I-labeled ACT. On the other hand, the amount of ACT production was not sufficient to indicate biosynthesis. These results demonstrated that ACT detected in stomach carcinoma cell nuclei was not synthesized in carcinoma cells but was incorporated from the blood circulation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Effects of dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on fecal bile acids and colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in rats.

To determine whether the kind of dietary fat affects colon carcinogenesis, male Donryu rats were fed a 5% fat diet containing linoleate, an unsaturated fat, or stearate, a saturated fat, in semipurified fat-free chow. The rats were given azoxymethane (7.4 mg/kg body weight) s.c. once a week for 11 weeks and killed 15 weeks after the last injection of the carcinogen. The rats on the unsaturated fat diet had a significantly higher incidence of colon tumors. Fatty acid analysis of cholesterol esters in the liver and examination of the amount of fecal bile acids showed that the unsaturated fat diet increased the level of cholesterol linoleate and arachidonate in the liver and also increased the fecal excretion of bile acids, especially that of lithocholic acid. The colon tumors in rats on the unsaturated fat diet, compared with those in rats on the saturated fat diet, contained a higher level of lysophosphatidylcholine. These results suggest that increased fecal excretion of bile acids due to increased polyunsaturated cholesterol esters in the liver stimulates phospholipase A2 activity of colon initiated cells and enhances colon carcinogenesis in rats on the unsaturated fat diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immunohistochemical study of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with colorectal cancer. Correlation with plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels.

Using peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was demonstrated in conventionally processed colorectal cancer tissues. A new immunohistochemical grading for colorectal cancers based on the mode of the localization was made in an attempt to clarify the factors responsible for elevation of plasma CEA levels in colorectal cancer patients. Most of the patients with well differentiated adenocarcinoma, in which CEA was densely distributed along the apical surface but only rarely present along the basolateral surfaces of the carcinoma cells, had very low levels of plasma CEA, whereas all patients showing CEA distribution in the stroma as well as over the entire surfaces of the cancer cells and their cytoplasm showed high plasma CEA levels. In addition, there was a good correlation between the grading and presence of the blood vessel and lymphatic invasions. Thus, the appearance of CEA in the surrounding stroma, due to abnormal distribution of CEA on the basolateral plasma membrane of cancer cells, may play a significant role in the elevation of plasma CEA levels in colorectal cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Barium peritonitis. Report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of generalized peritonitis, secondary to a perforation of the rectosigmoid colon during barium-enema roentgenography, is presented. The patient required immediate surgical intervention with the prime importance of the treatment being removal of as much of the contaminating materials as possible. This was done successfully with irrigation and wiping, using urokinase solution. Peritoneal lavage with urokinase solution was also carried out in the early postoperative period. Fluid replacement with careful monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance is essential before, during, and after the surgical procedure. Adequate antibiotic therapy and careful respiratory and nutritional support are also important.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Postoperative immunization with peanut agglutinin-binding glycoprotein from Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.

The effects of postoperative immunization with purified tumor-associated antigens on the development of lung metastases following excision of the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) were investigated. Soluble tumor-associated antigens were isolated from 3LL cells by detergent solubilization and purified by affinity chromatography on peanut agglutinin (PNA)-agarose. The immunization with subcutaneous injections of PNA-binding glycoproteins (PNA receptors) at the early phase following excision of primary footpad tumors of 3LL resulted in a significant decrease in incidence and size of lung metastases. The delayed immunization, however, failed to suppress the development and growth of metastatic lung tumors after surgery. The suppression in postoperative development of lung metastases was found to depend on the scheduling of immunization following local tumor excision. Splenectomy performed simultaneously with amputation of the tumor-bearing leg completely abolished the decrease in the development and growth of postoperative lung metastases in immunized mice. The involvement of the lymphoid system in the control of metastatic tumor growth was also confirmed in an in vivo tumor neutralization assay utilizing the spleen cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Objective monitoring of graft-versus-host disease: alpha 1-antichymotrypsin concentration changes after bone marrow transplantation in patients developing graft-versus-host reactions.

The levels of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) was monitored in patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation. Seven received HLA-identical sibling bone marrow grafts, two received transplants from twins and one was given HLA-nonidentical marrow from his father. A dramatic increase of ACT was observed in all patients who developed graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). ACT did not rise at all in the case of patients who received marrow from twins, even in a patient who was given three transplants from the same donor. The patient transplanted from his father died from GvHD and the increase of ACT was the greatest fluctuation measured.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1985

[Influence of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on nutritional incidences in patients with recurrent cancer].

The influence of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on nutritional assessment of patients with recurrent cancer was studied. One hundred forty-six patients with recurrent gastric, colorectal and breast cancer who have been admitted to our hospital during the past five years were surveyed. Serum albumin and cholinesterase levels on admission in the gastric and breast cancer patients who died in the hospital were considerably lower than those of the patients who recovered sufficiently to be discharged from the hospital. The patients with recurrent gastric cancer who received TPN for more than a week were also analyzed. It was shown that those whose levels of serum total protein and albumin did not respond favorably to TPN were the patients with shortest survival. Therefore, by checking the response to the administration of TPN, it seems to be possible to predict the patient's prognosis.

Adult↗