Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Yamaguchi.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Prolonged administration of beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rats.

The effect of beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc (AHZ), in which zinc is chelated to beta-alanyl-L-histidine, on bone metabolism was investigated in the femoral diaphysis of ovariectomized rats. AHZ (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day) was orally administered to ovariectomized rats for 3 months. Ovariectomy significantly decreased the estradiol concentration in the serum as compared with that from sham-operated rats. This decrease was not altered by the dose of AHZ. The bone volume and dry weight in the femur of ovariectomized rats significantly decreased in comparison with those from sham-operated rats. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase activity, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and calcium contents in the femoral diaphysis were significantly decreased by ovariectomy. The decreases of the femoral volume and dry weight, the femoral-diaphyseal alkaline phosphatase activity, DNA and calcium contents by ovariectomy were completely prevented by the tested doses of AHZ (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg/day). AHZ in the dose range of 10-100 mg/kg/day caused a significant increase in zinc content in the femoral diaphysis of ovariectomized rats. The present study suggests that the prolonged administration of AHZ can prevent bone loss by ovariectomy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Terguride as a new anti-hyperprolactinemic agent: characterization in rats and dogs in comparison with bromocriptine.

Terguride, a derivative of the ergot alkaloid, was characterized as a new anti-hyperprolactinemic agent in rats and dogs in comparison with bromocriptine. Terguride was found to bind selectively to the pituitary dopamine D2-receptors with a high affinity (Kd = 0.39 nM). In reserpinized rats, terguride at 0.03 mg/kg, p.o. significantly reduced the serum prolactin (PRL) level. The PRL lowering effect and the effective dose were longer lasting and about 30 times lower than those of bromocriptine, respectively. In rats bearing estrogen-induced pituitary prolactinoma, chronic terguride induced shrinkage of the prolactinoma as well as reduction of the high serum PRL level. In lactating rats, terguride (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced milk production in the mammary gland, whereas bromocriptine showed no significant effect up to 10 mg/kg, s.c. Terguride (10 mg/kg, p.o.) did not induce any stereotypy and hypermotility in reserpinized rats, while bromocriptine induced both stereotypy and hypermotility significantly at 10 mg/kg, p.o. In dogs, terguride, like bromocriptine, reduced the serum PRL level, but did not affect the serum levels of growth hormone and luteinizing hormone. In dogs, bromocriptine induced both emesis and PRL-lowering at almost the same dose, whereas emesis-inducing doses of terguride were about 100 times higher than the PRL-lowering dose. These results suggest that terguride as a dopamine D2-agonist is a potent inhibitor of PRL secretion with less neurotropic side effects compared to bromocriptine, and thus a useful drug for the treatment of galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia including prolactinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of shampoo on human hair cystatin extraction].

It is known that cystatins have not only regulatory functions in cellular protein catabolism, but also other physiological functions against viral and/or bacterial infection. Recently we have fond cystatin in the human hair shaft. The activity of human hair cystatin in a water extract of pieces of it reached a plateau after 3-hour incubation. The activity of cystatin was compared among three different lengths of hair. The shorter the hair was cut, the more hair cystatin was extracted. Cystatin was more easily extracted by adding a water-soluble detergent. On the basis of these results, the loss of human hair cystatin from the hair shaft seemed to be affected by the condition of the hair surface and by the detergents in hair shampoo.

Cystatins↗
PubMed1993

Growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas: MR characteristics and pre- and postoperative evaluation.

Twelve patients with growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas were investigated to evaluate correlations between magnetic resonance (MR) appearance and tissue characteristics, sellar expansion, suprasellar tumor extension, and tumor consistency. MR imaging could detect microadenomas with a characteristic enhancement delay of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid in the surrounding normal pituitary gland. Macroadenomas and giant tumors appeared on T2-weighted images as mostly high intensity, while varied greatly on T1-weighted images. The signal intensities of growth hormone-producing adenomas were more homogeneous (80%) than those of other functioning and non-functioning adenomas on T1-weighted images. However, there was no typical MR imaging for the tissue characteristics of the growth hormone-producing adenomas, and no particular correlation with suprasellar extension or consistency. Postoperative MR findings showed that the transcranial approach was superior for total or subtotal removal of large tumors, especially with suprasellar extension up to the upper third ventricle. The transsphenoidal approach can achieve a satisfactory decompressive effect on the optic chiasm, but more radical removal is required to achieve a normal hormone level.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1993

IgG-kappa-type plasmacytoma secreting salivary-type amylase in adult T-cell leukemia.

A IgG-kappa-type plasmacytoma secreting salivary-type amylase ectopically is reported in a patient with smouldering adult T-cell leukemia(ATL). The patient had plasmacytomas in the distal region of the right femur, the proximal region of left tibia, and the left paranasal sinus. Both his serum and urine contained high levels of amylase. The presence of IgG-kappa and S-type amylase in the plasmacytoma cells was confirmed immunocytochemically. In addition, he was also positive for the antibody against the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), and had abnormal lymphocytes with convoluted nuclei (ATL cells) in the peripheral blood. The monoclonal integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA was demonstrated in the leukemic cells of the peripheral blood, but not in the plasmacytoma cells. Our case suggested that not only can HTLV-I infection play a role in the development of ATL, but may also induce a B-cell malignancy in an indirect manner, and even an ectopic amylase producing plasmacytoma.

Amylases↗
PubMed1993

Unique T-helper leukaemia with cytoplasmic granules and convoluted nuclei.

An unusual case of CD4+ helper T-cell lymphocytic leukaemia is reported in a 67-year-old Japanese woman. CD4+ cells showed convoluted nuclei and dense cytoplasmic granules, features usually present in CD8+ large granular lymphocytes and disorders of this particular cell type. Serum did not show antibodies to HTLV-I and HTLV-I proviral DNA integration was not evident by Southern blot analysis or after PCR. A monoclonal rearrangement of the TCR-beta chain gene was evident when hybridization methods were used. The patient died 11 months after diagnosis. No skin involvement, or splenomegaly was evident. Serum LDH levels were markedly elevated but serum calcium levels were within normal limits. The case is discussed and compared to other T-cell lymphoid leukaemias. The heterogeneity in the morphology of CD4+ T cell leukaemias is stressed.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

HTLV-I associated and non-associated primary T-cell lymphoma of gastrointestinal tract.

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the common extranodal site for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and primary lymphoma of GI tract are mostly of B-cell origin. We have treated 16 patients with primary lymphoma of GI tract between 1981 and 1991, of whom 10 (62%) were of B-cell origin, while 6 (38%) were of T-cell origin. The incidence of T-cell phenotype in our hospital was considered to be much higher than that of previous reports and these 6 patients with primary T-cell lymphoma of GI tract were carefully studied. The primary sites were stomach in 4, ileocecum in 1, and duodenum in 1 case. Their T-cell nature was confirmed by immunohistochemical methods. All were peripheral T-cell lymphomas; one was CD 3+ 4- 8- and the other 5 were CD 3+ 4+ 8-. The antibody against human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) was positive in 3 cases (HTLV-I associated), but negative in 3 (HTLV-I non-associated). The integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA in HTLV-I associated patients was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis after DNA amplification by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The clinical features of the HTLV-I associated and HTLV-I non-associated primary T-cell lymphoma of the GI tract were quite different. HTLV-I associated patients showed leukemic manifestations and tumor involvement of the skin at a later stage of the disease. These observations indicated that HTLV-I can play an important role in the occurrence of primary T-cell lymphoma of GI tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Myelomeningocele and thick filum terminale with tethered cord appearing as a human tail. Case report.

Tail-like caudal appendages may be associated with spinal dysraphism, particularly with spinal lipomas or lipomyelomeningoceles. An unusual case is presented of a patient with a myelomeningocele and a thick filum terminale with tethered spinal cord, which presented with the external appearance of a human tail. A review of the literature reveals that human tails may be associated with dysraphic conditions. Extensive neuroradiological examinations should be performed for all such cases of apparent tails.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Response of liver microsomal mixed-function oxidases to dietary linoleic acid levels in rats.

Responses of the activities of liver microsomal mixed-function oxidases (MFOs) induced by phenobarbital (PB) to dietary linoleic acid (LA) levels were investigated in rats. Diets varied in LA content (0, 1.8, 4.1, 7.0, or 13.8 energy%) were fed to rats for 16 days. The activities of MFOs did not change significantly with increasing the dietary LA level, where they reached a plateau even at 1.8 energy %, although the fatty acid composition of liver microsomal lipids reflected well that of dietary lipids. Accordingly, 2 energy % of LA as essential fatty acid seemed to be sufficient to supply the dietary requirement as assessed by the activities of PB-induced MFOs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[CD14-positive and nonspecific esterase-positive neutrophils in a patient with refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation].

A 34-year-old man was admitted with lumbago and anemia in November 1992. Hematological examination revealed an Hb 9.2g/dl, WBC count 13,500 microliters (33% blasts), and monocyte count 3,400/microliters. Bone marrow examination showed hyperplasia with dysplasia in trilineage blood cells and increased blasts (21.8%). A diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB in T) was made. Cytochemical examination revealed the neutrophils in the peripheral blood were 66.5% positive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase inhibited by sodium fluoride, 4.0% positive for peroxidase and 75% positive for alkaline phosphatase. The results of immuno-alkaline phosphatase stainings (avidin biotin alkaline phosphatase complex method) of neutrophils were as follows; CD16 (94.5%), CD24 (91.0%), CD13 (93.0%), CD14 (52.5%), CD33 (39.0%), CD36 (16.5%), HLA-DR (17.0%). These neutrophils exhibited monocyte-specific features and failed to show characteristics of neutrophils.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis--is hepatitis C virus involved?].

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a new virus discovered in 1989. Since HCV is known to cause fibrotic changes in the liver, we studied whether HCV is involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Firstly, we assessed anti-HCV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera obtained from 66 IPF patients (46 males and 20 females; mean age +/- SEM, 61.5 +/- 10.1). We observed a significantly high prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in IPF compared with 9,464 age-matched controls (28.8% vs 3.66%, p < 0.05). To confirm the results, recombinant immunoblotting assay (RIBA) was conducted on the 19 ELISA-positive sera, and 8 sera (12.2%) were found to be definitely positive. Secondly, we searched for HCV in the blood of IPF patients by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. As preliminary data, four out of 28 cases (14.3%), all of which were pathologically diagnosed as UIP, were positive for HCV. In conclusion, although further investigation is required, a high prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies and the existence of HCV itself in the blood may suggest the possibility that HCV infection plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IPF.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Immunoblotting analysis of acquired factor VIII inhibitor in an elderly man].

A case of acquired FVIII inhibitor in a nonhemophilic, 80 year-old man who had no underlying disorder, is presented. The level of inhibitor was 13.3 Bethesda unit/ml, and the antibody was IgG, with lambda light chain. The antibody reacted with the 92 kD fragment of non-treated human FVIII, and the 44 kD fragment of thrombin treated FVIII when analysed by the immunoblot analysis.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Changes of serum interleukin 6 (IL6) and acute phase protein after hepatectomy in patients with chronic liver disease].

We examined the changes in serum levels of interleukin 6 (s-IL6) and acute phase protein (APP) during perioperative periods in patients with or without chronic liver disease (CLD) who underwent hepatectomy or other surgeries. The elevation of s-IL6 on the first postoperative day was only correlated with preoperative values of indocyanine green retention test (ICG-R15) (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), and not concerned with any operative factors. We divided the patients into the following three groups; the patients with CLD undergoing hepatectomy (n = 21, group A), the patients without CLD undergoing hepatectomy (n = 7, group B), and the patients without CLD undergoing surgeries other than hepatectomy (n = 7, group C). The values of s-IL6 on preoperative day, 1st, 4th, and 7th days after surgery in group A were significantly higher than the corresponding values in group C (p < 0.05). Among the hepatectomy groups, the serum levels of APP on the 4th day after surgery were significantly higher than those on preoperative day. We concluded that the changes in s-IL6 after hepatectomy were strongly concerned with preoperative liver function, especially with values of ICG-R15. However, it seemed that the induction of APP was negatively correlated with the preoperative liver function.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1993

[The role of mast cells and basophils in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma].

Bronchial asthma has now been recognized as an inflammatory disease. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of mast cells and basophils in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Stem cell factor, a growth factor of mast cells, activates rat peritoneal mast cells and human lung mast cells to release histamine. We demonstrated the presence of basophils in lung tissues obtained from fatal asthma cases using immunohistochemical techniques. IL-3, GM-CSF, IL-5 and IGF-I enhanced basophil histamine release. These findings indicate that mast cells and basophils have important roles in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The genetic application for Japanese patients with coronary artery diseases using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of apolipoprotein gene].

We applied restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for apolipoprotein (apoAI, apoCIII, apoAIV, apoCI, and apoB) genes to analyze differences between Japanese and Caucasian in allele frequencies as well as those between normal Japanese subjects and patients with coronary artery disease confirmed with coronary arteriography. Although the allelic fragment sizes in the two racial groups showed complete correspondence, the allelic frequencies of these markers detected by the combination of probes and restriction enzymes showed 60% difference in Japanese and Caucasian. There was a significant (p < 0.01) difference between the normal subjects (with arteriographically-confirmed absence of stenosis in all coronary branches) and those with severe coronary artery disease (50 to 100% stenosis in at least one branch) in plasma levels of apoAI, apoB, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. RFLP analysis for 13 markers, however, revealed no significant difference between these groups when analyzed in subjects of all ages (range, 12 to 82 years; N = 306). However, when analysis was restricted to data for 12-to 50-year-olds, a significant (p < 0.02) difference between the normal control group and the severe coronary artery disease group in 3' apoB probe and EcoRI enzyme test results. An acquired and environmental factors were assumed to be involved in this disease because the correlation between allelic frequencies and coronary artery disease status showed dilution when the subject age distribution included older subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between autoantibody and dermatosis in myelodysplastic syndrome.

We analyzed the relationship between autoantibody and dermatosis in 22 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). These MDS patients consisted of five cases with refractory anemia (RA), three RA with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), eight RA with excess of blasts (RAEB), four RAEB in transformation (RAEB-t), and two chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) according to the FAB classification of MDS. The autoantibody was detected in seven patients, of whom four had rheumatoid factor (RF) and three had antinuclear antibody (ANA). Neither RF-positive nor ANA-positive MDS patients had other autoantibodies. Dermatosis was observed in nine cases of these 22 MDS patients. Five of 7 MDS patients (71%) with autoantibody developed dermatosis in their clinical course, as did four of 15 MDS patients (27%) without autoantibody. All four MDS patients with RF had dermatosis such as anaphylactoid purpura, xerotic dermatitis, thrombophlebitis, ephelides, and genital herpes. One of three MDS patients with ANA had pruritus senilis. The four MDS patients without autoantibody had dermatosis such as erythema nodosum, ichthyosis vulgaris, Sweet syndrome, and thrombophlebitis. Three of four MDS patients with RF had normal liver function tests, while three MDS patients with ANA showed liver dysfunction. Our studies presented here suggested that the dermatosis could develop frequently in MDS patients with autoantibody and that RF was closely related to development of dermatosis in MDS patients, although the dermatosis is not specially fixed.

Adolescent↗