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Biomedical subjects

M Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Yamaguchi.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[The effect of beraprost sodium on the Raynaud's phenomenon].

We investigated the effect of beraprost sodium (BPS) on the Raynaud's phenomenon on 15 patients with systemic sclerosis, 3 with mixed connective tissue disease and 1 with Raynaud's disease, respectively. After 12 weeks of administration of 60 micrograms/d BPS, the duration and the incidence of the Raynaud's symptom were significantly reduced and the dermal temperature on the fingers was found to be elevated. Of the parameters which are known to reflect vascular endothelial damages such as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), von Willebrand's factor (vWF) and endothelin, the plasma level of t-PA was significantly reduced by BPS. Furthermore, the capillary loop in the nail bed of the fingers seemed to increase in one patient by the treatment with BPS. These results suggest that BPS has a capacity to repair peripheral vascular damages resulting in the improvement of Raynaud's phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A 15.5-year cohort study on risk factors for possible myocardial infarction and sudden death within 24 hours in a rural Japanese community.

A 15.5-year follow-up study of ischemic heart disease among residents 40 years and older in a rural community, A-I district, Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, was completed in 1992. The response rate for the initial examination was 84.5% of 1,182 men and 92.6% of 1,469 women. Nine hundred and eighty-five men and 1,344 women who were initially free of ischemic heart disease were followed from July 1977 through December 1992. The person-year incidence of possible myocardial infarction (PMI) was 1.01 per 1,000 for men and 0.59 for women, and that of sudden death within 24 hours (24SD) was 1.08 for men and 0.64 for women. In the sex-, and age-stratified univariate analyses by the Cox proportional hazard regression model, statistically significant relative risk of PMI was observed for systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP), body mass index and smoking. For 24SD, DBP and albuminuria were selected as significant risk factors. In the multivariate analyses, MBP and smoking were selected as independent risk factors for PMI. No significant association of any factor with 24SD was detected. The influence of serum cholesterol on occurrence of PMI appeared to be subtle.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Development of a food frequency questionnaire in Japan.

The three-consecutive-day weighing method, in which foods as raw materials are weighed separately before they are cooked, is the most popular dietary assessment method among Japanese dietitians, because this dietary survey method has been adopted in the national nutrition survey for half a century. Under such circumstances, there have been only a few studies aiming to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method. The food list of a few FFQs ever used dealt with individual food items alone, but not mixed dishes. Therefore, a frequency questionnaire was very difficult for people not involved in cooking daily to answer. In order to enable subjects to answer a questionnaire more accurately, a new FFQ which has a food list with 122 single foods and recipes was developed. These foods and recipes were identified from 805 24hr-recalls of males and females aged 40-69 years old in Shiso County, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. During consecutive 56 or 63 days, 67 junior college students in a dietitian course recorded their diet intake. Within a week after the diet record, they answered the newly developed FFQ. Pearson correlation coefficients between energy adjusted nutrient intakes assessed from the FFQ and those from dietary records were calculated. These correlation coefficients ranged from 0.21 for retinol potency to 0.74 for calcium. These data indicate that the newly developed FFQ provides a useful measurement of many nutrient intakes over a two-month period.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

National Nutrition Survey in Japan.

The National Nutrition Survey in Japan has played an important role for nutrition policy in this country, by monitoring nutrition and health status of the Japanese since 1946. During those 50 years, diet of the Japanese has remarkably changed, with the proportion of fat intake in total energy being more than 25% and salt intake gradually decreased. The aim of this survey also has shifted from the policy making for food supplies to monitoring the over intake for prevention of diet-related chronic diseases and health promotion.

Diet↗
PubMed1996

A brief review of epidemiological studies on ischemic heart disease in Japan.

The age-adjusted death rate from ischemic heart disease in Japan is the lowest among developed countries and the rates have decreased since 1970. The incidences of myocardial infarction in selected populations ranged between 0.12 and 2.56 per 1,000 for middle-aged males, and between 0.00 and 1.52 per 1,000 for females. The incidences of sudden death within 24 hours were from 0.00 to 1.58 per 1,000 for males and from 0.00 to 0.76 per/1,000 for females. The incidences in Japanese populations appeared to be far below those in Western populations. In the Cox proportional hazard regression model, hypertension and smoking were selected as independent risk factors for myocardial infarction in an agricultural district. It was noteworthy that the level of serum cholesterol was not associated with development of myocardial infarction in rural areas. No positive relation between dietary fat and serum cholesterol was observed in school children, suggesting that growth, sexual maturation and others might be confounding variables between them. The levels of serum cholesterol for females were more affected by menopause than those of blood pressures and body mass index. Although some polymorphisms in selected candidate genes appeared to be associated with some serum lipids and apolipoproteins, the effect of individual RFLP on the inter-individual variations in serum traits was relatively subtle in comparison with that of lifestyle factors.

Female↗
PubMed1996

A data-based approach for designing a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire for a population-based prospective study in Japan.

A self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) has been used commonly in epidemiologic studies of diet and chronic diseases. The analysis of dietary data in the target population is useful for designing a new questionnaire. The authors studied the major food sources of nutrient intakes in the Japanese population in order to develop a FFQ for a population-based prospective study. Subjects were 180 men aged 40-49 years and their 155 spouses who were sampled from four Public Health Center districts. Weighed food records over three consecutive weekdays were collected during the winters of 1989-1991. All foods reported were grouped into 154 items, and the percent contribution of each food to the total population intake of 15 nutrients was computed. Based on these data, a FFQ with 138 items was developed. The food list covered well the population intake of most nutrients (median = 83%, range = 55-91%), except for lipid (70%) and sodium (55%). The questionnaire was applied to the prospective study conducted in the same areas where the dietary data were collected, and an investigation to assess its reproducibility and validity is currently underway.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

PRAD1/Cyclin D1 gene overexpression in mantle cell lymphoma.

The t(11;14) (q13;q32) translocation and its molecular counterpart Bcl-1 rearrangement are consistent features of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). This translocation activates the PRAD1/cyclin D1 gene that is considered to be the Bcl-1 oncogene. PRAD1/cyclin D1 gene overexpression is closely associated with MCL. The PRAD1/cyclin D1 protein is localized to the nucleus, and the strong correlation between PRAD1/cyclin D1 and MCL is also found in the protein level. This finding indicates that PRAD1/cyclin D1 expression is a highly specific and sensitive molecular marker for MCL. This gene may function as an oncogene in the malignant transformation of cells.

Cyclin D1↗
PubMed1996

Preparation of corn peptide from corn gluten meal and its administration effect on alcohol metabolism in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Corn peptide (CP) was prepared from corn gluten meal by proteolysis with alkaline protease from alkalophilic Bacillus A-7. Free amino acids were not found in the CP product. Gel filtration on a Shodex OH-packed column revealed that the molecular weight distribution of the CP was less than about 2,000, characteristic of dipeptides to decapeptides, i.e. oligopeptides. The amino acid pattern of CP was similar to that of corn gluten meal, which was rich in alanine and branched-chain amino acids, but poor in basic amino acids. The effect of the CP administration on alcohol metabolism was examined with SHR-SP, which were given ethanol orally through a gastric tube at the rate of 1.0 g/kg. Prior administration of CP at 1.0 g/kg resulted in fast disappearance of ethanol and its oxidative product acetaldehyde from the blood relative to the control without administration. Hence, it is suggested that CP, rather than its constituent amino acids such as alanine and proline, effectively takes part in enhancing the metabolism of ethanol as well as acetaldehyde.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1996

Effect of long-term 'corn peptide' ingestion on alcohol metabolism in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats with alcohol loading.

The effect of long-term 'corn peptide (CP)' ingestion on alcohol metabolism was investigated in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) with alcohol loading. Long-term CP ingestion in the EtOH/CP group did not significantly increase plasma GOT and GPT activities but markedly increased hepatic ADH and ALDH activities. Intragastric CP administration prior to a dose of 1.0 g/kg ethanol significantly lowered the blood ethanol concentration in SHR-SP which had been loaded with ethanol for a long time. Compared with non-loaded SHR-SP (control group), the rats loaded for a long time with ethanol (EtOH group) showed high concentrations of taurine, glycine and histidine in the plasma. The plasma threonine and proline concentrations were significantly elevated by long-term CP ingestion (EtOH/CP group), but the plasma alanine concentration was rather decreased. These results suggest that short- or long-term CP ingestion may enhance the alcohol metabolism within the body because of an increase in ADH and ALDH activities as well as the alleviation of alcohol-related hepatic injury.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1996

Could intraoperative analgesia attenuate excessive neuroendocrine responses in surgical patients?

Recently, there has been increasing interest among anesthesiologists in the responses to surgical stress because surgical procedures have become more and more invasive. While the responses are natural and protective in themselves, they may have adverse consequences for the patients. There have been many investigations suggesting that anesthetic techniques such as spinal and epidural analgesia may alter the endocrine response. Some measures which block inflammatory reaction are reported to allow modulation of the response.' In the present study preemptive analgesia for postoperative pain using spinal and extradural blockade, and pre-treatment of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin were applied to patients responses were assessed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, inhibits erythropoietin-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells.

To elucidate the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (Pl3K) in erythropoietin receptor (EPOR)-mediated signaling, we examined the effects of wortmannin (WT), a specific inhibitor of Pl3K on the proliferation of erythropoietin (EPO)-induced erythroid differentiation in K562 human erythroleukemia cells. Percentage of benzidine-positive cells synthesizing hemoglobin and level of glycophorin A expression in the cells were increased after EPO treatment. EPO-enhanced Pl3K activity was suppressed by WT treatment in a dose-dependent manner and constant inhibition of Pl3K by WT interfered with both hemoglobin synthesis and glycophorin A expression promoted by EPO. Wortmannin, however, did not inhibit hemin-induced erythroid differentiation. These findings in the present study suggest that Pl3K plays a crucial role in the transducing the erythroid differentiation signal through EPOR activated by EPO-binding ib K562 cells and that the signaling pathways involved in EPO-induced erythroid differentiation differ from those involved in hemin-induced differentiation.

Androstadienes↗
PubMed1996

Alterations in calcium antagonist receptors and calcium content in senescent brain and attenuation by nimodipine and nicardipine.

Characteristics of L- and N-type calcium (Ca++) channel antagonist receptors in brains of senescence-accelerated prone mouse (SAMP8) showing age-related deterioration of learning and memory were examined by using (+)-[3H]PN 200-110 and [125I]omega-conotoxin GVIA as radioligands. There was a tendency toward consistent decrease in Bmax for both radioligands in seven brain regions of SAMP8 compared with the control mouse. The reduction in (+)-[3H]Pn 200-110 binding sites was statistically significant in the hippocampus, midbrain and pons/medulla oblongata, and that in [125I]omega-conotoxin binding sites was significant in the cerebral cortex, corpus striatum and pons/medulla oblongata. On the other hand, there was a marked elevation in Ca++ content in the brain of SAMP8. Chronic p.o. administration (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks) of nimodipine and nicardipine to SAMP8 caused a significant increase in the Bmax values of (+)-[3H]PN 200-110 binding in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. This may reflect up-regulation of brain Ca++ channel antagonist receptors as a result of the prolonged blockade by nimodipine and nicardipine. On the other hand, similar administration of amlodipine and nilvadipine failed to produce an enhancement of Bmax values of (+)-[3H]PN 200-110 binding, whereas both drugs at high doses evoked a significant increase in the apparent dissociation constant. Furthermore, the brain Ca++ content in SAMP8 was markedly reduced by chronic p.o. administration of Ca++ channel antagonists, and the decrease was equivalently observed for all of four 1,4-dihydropyridine antagonists in spite of the difference in the effect on brain receptors. In conclusion, the present study suggests that there is an altered Ca++ homeostasis in the SAMP8 brain that is effectively attenuated by chronic administration of nimodipine and nicardipine. Hence SAMP8 may be a suitable animal model for evaluating the therapeutic effects of Ca++ channel antagonists on neurological disorders associated with the aging brain.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

[A case of virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) complicated by rhabdomyolysis which were associated with herpes-simplex virus infection].

A 60-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining abdominal pain and fatigue. Complete blood count showed as follows; WBC 3,900/microliters (48% of monocytes), Hb 11.5 g/dl, Plt 0.9 x 10(4)/microliters. Marrow smears showed the presence of phagocytic histiocytes that consist 22.4% of total nuclear cells. Laboratory findings showed as follows; BUN 109.5 mg/dl, Creatinine 7.4 mg/dl, CPK 1,259 IU/l, Aldolase 195 IU/l, Myoglobin 4,200 mg/dl. Serological studies showed a 16-fold increase in herpes-simplex virus (HSV) antibody titers 4 weeks after admission. So we diagnosed his illness as virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) and rhabdomyolysis that were associated with HSV. We performed three times of hemodialysis for acute renal failure and used prednisolone for VAHS. These treatments were successful, and he made a complete recovery from illness. VAHS complicated by rhabdomyolysis is very rare, and we think this case is full of suggestions.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1996

Hematopoietic clone with karyotypic abnormalities of host origin after bone marrow transplantation: two case reports.

A patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in remission developed a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) 12 years after ABMT. This patient had undergone bone marrow harvesting prior to any chemoradiotherapy. He had received the autograft following conditioning with high-dose CY and TBI. Chromosomal analysis of BM cells revealed complicated abnormalities. Similar karyotypic abnormalities in host-derived BM cells were found in another patient with AML who had received allogeneic BM following conditioning with CY plus TBI 15 months previously. These findings suggest that MDS or clonal karyotypic abnormalities following ABMT may derive from endogenous hematopoietic stem cells that survive the BMT preparative regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Immunophenotypic features and configuration of immunoglobulin genes in hairy cell leukemia-Japanese variant.

Immunophenotypes and Ig gene rearrangements were investigated in 12 patients with a variant form of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) termed HCL-Japanese variant (HCL-J), and in an HCL-J-derived cell line. The leukemic cells of HCL-J characteristically showed the phenotype of CD20+, CD5-, CD10-, CD11c+, CD22+, CD24- and CD25-. Ig light (L) chain was undetected in nine cases, and the remaining four cases expressed kappa chain. Expression of Ig heavy (H) chain was studied in nine cases. In addition to Igkappa+ cases showing expression of predominantly gamma H chain isotype, alpha chain was detected in one case without expression of L chain. Rearranged bands in Ig heavy chain (JH) genes were recognized in all 12 cases tested. Rearranged bands in kappa chain genes and germline configuration in chi chain genes were seen in all three Igkappa+ cases tested. Four of nine cases without expression of L chain had a rearranged chi chain gene. The other three cases had chi chain genes in the germline configuration and rearranged and/or deleted kappa chain genes. In the remaining two cases, no rearrangement in either kappa or chi chain genes was detected. The Ig gene configuration and expression in HCL-J, partially overlapping with those described for immature B cell leukemia, were dissociated from the cytological features and CD20+, membrane CD22+ phenotype characteristic of mature B cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1996

[Selective epidural nerve root block using a superfine fiberscope].

A 65 yr-old male with severe scar pain on his right lower abdomen underwent selective nerve block through epidural space using a superfine fiberscope. A12-gauge Tuohy needle (internal diameter 2.2 mm) was inserted at the intervertebral space of Th12-L1. The fiberscope (external diameter 1.1 mm) was introduced through the needle and the epidural space was observed. When the dura mater of Th12 nerve root level was seen, the patient had pain on the scar area. Then 2% lidocaine 1.5 ml and 60% megumine sodium amidotrizoate 1.5 ml were slowly injected. Soon after injection of anesthetic, analgesia area (Th11-L1) was obtained, and Th12 nerve root was identified by X ray. Epidural blockade using a superfine fiberscope seems to be one of the useful and reliable methods for the selective nerve blockade.

Aged↗