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Biomedical subjects

M Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Yamaguchi.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Serum autoantibodies against sulfatide and phospholipid in NIDDM patients with diabetic neuropathy.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the presence of antisulfatide and antiphospholipid antibodies and the relationship between these antibodies and the results of quantitative tests of nerve function in NIDDM patients with diabetic neuropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Antisulfatide and antiphospholipid antibodies were measured in serum samples obtained from 68 NIDDM patients with diabetic neuropathy by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Each patient was classified into one of three groups based on the combined neuropathy score (determined by the symptom score, the results of autonomic nerve function tests, and the vibration perception test), as follows: mild (n = 26), moderate (n = 22), and severe (n = 20). Nerve conduction studies were performed in a subgroup of 37 patients. RESULTS: The antisulfatide antibody was detected in 1 (4%) of 26 patients in the mild group, 4 (18%) of 22 patients in the moderate group, and 8 (40%) of 20 patients in the severe group (P < 0.01 vs. mild group). The antiphospholipid antibody was detected in none of the patients in the mild group, 8 (36%) of 22 patients in the moderate group (P < 0.001 vs. mild group), and 6 (30%) of 20 patients in the severe group (P < 0.01 vs. mild group). The threshold amplitude, determined by the vibration perception test, was significantly higher in antibody-positive patients than in antibody-negative patients: antisulfatide antibody, 55.9 +/- 46.8 microns (n = 13) vs. 22.9 +/- 13.7 microns (n = 55), P < 0.001; antiphospholipid antibody, 47.2 +/- 32.5 microns (n = 14) vs. 24.5 +/- 23.2 microns (n = 54), P < 0.01. The conduction velocity of the sural nerve was slower in the antisulfatide antibody-positive group (37.9 +/- 11.1 m/s, n = 12) than in the antisulfatide antibody-negative group (45.2 +/- 6.0 m/s, n = 19) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that autoimmune nerve destruction may be involved in diabetic neuropathy in NIDDM patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Vitamin A and carotenoids stimulate differentiation of mouse osteoblastic cells.

The action of retinol and carotenoids on bone cells was investigation in vitro by evaluating cell growth, alkaline phosphatase activity and the mRNA expression of a differentiation marker protein of osteoblastic cells. The clonal osteogenic cell line MC3T3-E1, established from newborn mouse calvaria, has a capacity of differentiation into osteoblast and mineralization in vitro. Retinol and beta-carotene inhibited the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells as well as DNA synthesis of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Retinol induced differentiation of the MC3T3-E1 cells, by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity dose dependently, in a range from 1 to 100nm. Beta-carotene increased alkaline phosphatase activity is a dose-related manner in a range from 0.1 to 5 microM. Osteopontin is one of the matrix proteins which osteoblasts produce. Retinol increased the expression of osteopontin mRNA in a range from 1 to 100 nm. Beta-carotene also increased osteopontin mRNA expression, reaching a plateau at 1 microM. The induction of differentiation of MC3T3-E11 cells by beta-carotene was dose-dependent but was two orders of magnitude less active than that produced by retinoids. Within the MC3T3-E1 cells, part of the beta-carotene was effectively converted into retinol. Alpha-carotene, canthaxanthin and lycopene also inhibited cell proliferation at 1 microM and increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteopontin mRNA expression, but less potently so than beta-carotene. Retinol and carotenoids were concluded to have a direct stimulatory effect on the differentiation of osteoblasts at the physiological concentration.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1997

Dietary lipids and incidence of cerebral infarction in a Japanese rural community.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between dietary lipids and incidence of cerebral infarction in a Japanese rural population. DESIGN: A cohort study from July 1977 through December 1992. SETTING: Akadani-Ijimino (A-I) district, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All the residents, 1,182 men and 1,469 women, aged 40 years and over. Out of these members, 954 men and 1,329 women who were initially free of stroke completed a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire in 1977, and were then subjected to a follow-up for 15.5 years. The occurrence of stroke was determined by the annual follow-up examination and registry. Dietary lipid was adjusted for total energy or fat intake by the residual method. Sex- and age-stratified and blood pressure- and atrial fibrillation-adjusted relative risk for cerebral infarction was estimated by the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: There were 75 new cases of cerebral infarction during the observation period. The relative risk for cerebral infarction was less than one in the highest quartile level of total fat, saturated fatty acids (S), Keys score and westernized dietary pattern: 0.68-0.94. It ranged between 1.36 and 1.57 in the highest level of polyunsaturated (P), n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, and P/S ratio. CONCLUSION: This study suggests the possibility that the traditional Japanese diet, very low fat intake, was likely to increase the risk of stroke through the low level of serum cholesterol as an intermediary factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver to treat malignancies has recently received attention, but long-term results after such resection for hepatocellular carcinoma have not been reported for an acceptable number of patients. This study analyzed the short- and long-term results after resection of the caudate lobe for primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in 19 patients. STUDY DESIGN: Complete or partial resection of the caudate lobe was performed for the treatment of primary (n = 13) and recurrent (n = 6) hepatocellular carcinoma. Eleven patients had a solitary tumor only in the caudate lobe, but eight patients had tumors in other segments of the liver as well. There were 16 men and 3 women. Age ranged from 35 to 79 years, averaging 63 years. Clinicopathologic features of these cases were evaluated from various viewpoints. RESULTS: The duration of the operation ranged from 80 to 250 minutes (mean plus or minus standard deviation; 149 +/- 47) and blood loss from 200 to 2,400 g (836 +/- 651). Four patients (21.8 percent) had postoperative complications and one (5.3 percent) died of postoperative variceal bleeding. Tumor size ranged from 1.0 to 6.0 cm, averaging 3.7 +/- 1.4. A capsule was seen around the tumor in 68.4 percent, daughter nodules in 5.3 percent, and vascular invasion in 31.2 percent. Hepatic cirrhosis was present in 15 patients and chronic hepatitis in four. The 5-year survival rate in all patients was 31.3 percent. The survival rate was significantly better in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma than in those with recurrent tumors (49.2 percent compared with none) because of frequent recurrence in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic hepatic disease can be performed safely with a satisfactory long-term result, particularly in patients with primary tumors in this lobe.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Zinc enhancement of 17beta-estradiol's anabolic effect in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

The anabolic effect of 17beta-estradiol in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was investigated. The cells were cultured for 3 days in the medium containing either vehicle or 17beta-estradiol (10(-11)-10(-9) M). 17beta-Estradiol significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity and protein concentration in the cells. The steroid (10(-9) M) also significantly elevated the cell numbers and the cellular DNA content. The anabolic effect by 17beta-estradiol was blocked by the presence of dipicolinate (10(-3) M), a chelator of zinc ion, suggesting a role of cellular zinc in osteoblastic cell function. The presence of zinc sulfate (10(-5) M) or beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc (AHZ) (10(-5) M) significantly enhanced the 17beta-estradiol (10(-10) or 10(-9) M)-induced increase of alkaline phosphatase activity and protein concentration in the cells; the effect of AHZ was greater than that of zinc sulfate. The enhancement by zinc compounds was not based on the augmentation of osteoblastic cell numbers. The co-addition of cycloheximide (10(-6) M), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, completely blocked the zinc compound (10(-5) M)-induced enhancement of 17beta-estradiol's (10(-9) M) effect to increase alkaline phosphatase activity and protein concentration in the cells. Moreover, the anabolic effect of 17beta-estradiol together with or without zinc compounds was abolished by the presence of staurosporine (10(-8) M), an inhibitor of protein kinase C, or of okadaic acid (10(-7) M), an inhibitor of protein phosphatase. The present study demonstrates that the anabolic effect of 17beta-estradiol is enhanced by zinc-chelating dipeptide in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, and that the enhancing effect may involve protein synthesis and protein kinase activity.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1997

Prediction of postoperative decompensated liver function by technetium-99m galactosyl-human serum albumin liver scintigraphy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicating chronic liver disease.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative technetium-99m galactosyl-human serum albumin (Tc-GSA) liver scintigraphy may predict postoperative decompensated liver function and its value has been investigated in patients having resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Hepatic uptake ratio of Tc-GSA (LHL15) was measured before operation in 30 patients. Postoperative complications were analysed retrospectively and compared with LHL15 values and other indicators evaluating hepatic function. RESULTS: The LHL15 of 22 patients without complications was 0.91 or more, compared with 0.90 or less in the eight patients who had complications. Multifactorial analyses showed that LHL15 and Child-Pugh grade significantly predicted postoperative complications (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0111 respectively). LHL15 was a significant predictor of complications in patients with Child-Pugh grade B disease (n = 15, P = 0.0011). CONCLUSION: LHL15 was a reliable preoperative indicator of the risk of major postoperative complications in patients who had resection for HCC.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Mitral valve replacement and closure of ventricular septal defect in the first two months of life].

A 2-month-old female infant weighing 4.2 kg was admitted with severe congestive heart failure and respiratory distress. The patient was operated upon under a diagnosis of severe congenital mitral regurgitation and ventricular septal defect. There was thickening of the anterior leaflet and short thickened chordae. The valve was judged not amenable to repair and it was replaced with a 17 mm St. Jude Medical valve. She was extubated on the 5th postoperative day. Post operative anti-coagulant therapy was initiated with warfarin potassium, dipyridamole and ticlopidine hydrochloride. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient is doing well 9 months after the operation.

Female↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of daily administration of oral etoposide for non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent radiation therapy].

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of daily administration of oral etoposide (25 mg) for patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent radiation therapy. Planned endpoints were response, survival and toxicity. Forty-one patients with non-small cell lung cancer were divided into 25 patients given daily oral etoposide (25 mg) with concurrent radiation therapy (ERT group) and 16 patients given radiation therapy alone (RT group). Etoposide was administrated in the morning throughout radiation therapy. The median total irradiated dose was 63.1 Gy in the ERT group and 64.0 Gy in the RT group. Twenty-four patients completed therapy in the ERT group and 16 in the RT group. Three (15%) ERT patients achieved complete response (CR) and 9 (45%) achieved partial response (PR). In the RT group, no patients achieved CR and 9 (69%) achieved PR. One-year survival was 22.6% with ERT and 23.0% with RT. The prognosis of stage III patients in the ERT group was worse than that in the RT group because radiation pneumonitis and radiation esophagitis were more severe with ERT. In conclusion, the ERT group had better local response but worse in survival than the RT group. Complications of ERT were severe enough to cause death in some patients. ERT had no clear advantage over RT.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha by human mast cells: increased anti-IgE-dependent secretion after IgE-dependent enhancement of mast cell IgE-binding ability.

The contributions of mast cells to the pathology of allergic diseases, as well as to the expression of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent host responses to parasites, reflect both the amounts and types of cytokines and other mediators that are released by these cells in such settings. Whereas mast cells cannot intrinsically express immunologically specific functions, the binding of IgE to high-affinity IgE receptors (Fc epsilonRI) on the surface of mast cells primes these cells to secrete cytokines and other biologically active products upon subsequent exposure to specific antigens. We now report that both HMC-1, a growth factor-independent human mast cell leukemia cell line, and growth factor-dependent human umbilical cord blood-derived mast cells can secrete the multifunctional C-C chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha). In addition, we found that in vitro exposure of human umbilical cord blood-derived mast cells to concentrations of IgE within the range observed in the serum of subjects with allergic diseases or parasite infections, which markedly up-regulates the ability of these cells to bind IgE to their surface, also significantly enhances the ability of the cells to secrete MIP-1alpha upon subsequent passive sensitization with IgE and challenge with anti-IgE. Thus, IgE-dependent enhancement of human mast cell IgE-binding ability permits these cells to respond to Fc epsilonRI-dependent challenge with significantly increased secretion of MIP-1alpha, a chemokine that can have diverse functions in inflammation, allergic reactions, and host responses to infection.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1997

[A case of solitary metastatic splenic tumor of ovarian carcinoma].

The case was a 67-year-old female. In March, 1993, bilateral oophrectomy + total hysterectomy+omentectomy were done, for stage III ovarian cancer with peritoneal dissemination, and high CA 125 level (2100 U/ml). As postoperative chemotherapy, intraperitoneal injection of CDDP 150 mg (4 courses), and intravenous injection of CAP (CPA 500 mg/ m2 + epirubicin 25 mg/m2 + CDDP 50 mg/m2) (10 courses) were undertaken. In March, 1995, in abdominal CT scan, a solitary splenic tumor was found and the tumor marker (CA 125) was again elevated, and splenic metastasis was suspected. In June, 1995, intravenous injection of CDDP 70 mg/m2 + CPT-11 60 mg/m2 (1 course) was given, and the splenic tumor enlarged gradually. In February, 1996, a splenectomy was done. In pathological findings, the tumor proved to be poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma the same as primary ovarian cancer, and after splenectomy, CA 125 fell below the normal value. The diagnosis was solitary splenic metastasis from ovarian carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Hemoglobin transition from larval to adult types occurs within a single erythroid cell population during metamorphosis of the salamander Hynobius retardatus.

In amphibians transitions of hemoglobins (Hbs) and red blood cells (RBCs) from larval to adult types have been reported to occur at metamorphosis. The transition of Hbs in the salamander Hynobius retardatus also occurs during metamorphosis, but almost independently of thyroid activity. Changes in several properties of RBCs, including their morphology, buoyant density and Hb phenotypes, were analyzed during the normal development of Hynobius retardatus. Typical larval RBCs were distinguished from typical adult ones by their different morphology and different buoyant density, while RBCs from metamorphosing animals had a single buoyant density and thus could not be separated into two populations on a Percoll density gradient. When RBCs from metamorphosing animals were examined immunohistochemically using larval or adult globin-specific antibodies, all the RBCs from any developmental stages from early larvae (36 days after hatching) to metamorphosed juveniles contained varying quantities of both antigens recognized by these antibodies. Immunohistochemical observation also demonstrated that the erythropoietic organs were the liver and spleen at early larval stages, but limited to the spleen in metamorphosing larvae and metamorphosed adults. These findings support the idea that the Hb switching in Hynobius retardatus occurs in a single RBC population, rather than the concept that larval RBCs are replaced by new, adult RBCs, as is known to occur in many amphibians.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[DDD pacemaker implantation--cardiac pacemaker tips in the left atrium and ventricle by the left thoracotomy].

Recently DDD pacemaker implantation for the children has undergone trials world wide; though regarding the approach, ways and positions of the epicardial lead, a few problems are still remained to be discussed. Now we report 9 cases (5 males, 4 females) of DDD pacemaker implantations by the left anterolateral thoracotomy approach. The 9 patients weighing 6.5 to 33 kg, were aged 11 months to 12 years (mean 6 years) of whom male 5, female 4 with degree of Block; 2 and 7. To all patients the stab-in type epicardial tips were implanted in the left atrium, the screw-in type ventricular epicardial tips were in the left ventricle by the 4th intercostal thoracotomy, and the pacemaker generators were beneath the fascia of the abdominal rectus muscle. We have no sensing and pacing failure, all pacemakers are working in the DDD mode well.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Unifocalization and systemic-to-pulmonary shunt using internal mammary artery for tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with diminutive pulmonary artery and arborization anomaly.

We report successful palliation of tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with diminutive pulmonary arteries and arborization anomaly. Unifocalization and systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt using an internal mammary artery were successfully performed. The internal mammary artery shunt provided a sufficient blood supply for a diminutive and fragile pulmonary artery, and brought a progressive improvement of exercise intolerance and polycythemia probably due to the growth potential.

Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence, vasculature, and innervation of myocardial bridges in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To report gross anatomic examination of the canine myocardial bridge (MB), a muscular band found above the coronary artery (CA), with respect to its occurrence, location, vascularization, and innervation. SAMPLE POPULATION: 629 canine hearts obtained within 1 to 3 hours after euthanasia. PROCEDURE: After an incision was made at the left fifth intercostal space, the pericardial sac was cut open, and if an MB was present, the heart, lungs, and annexed structures were removed together and subsequently subjected to macroscopic examination of MB musculature and innervation after formalin fixation. Vascular casting was performed by use of methyl methacrylate perfusion. RESULTS: Of the 629 canine hearts examined, 189 (30%) had MB, occurrence of which was independent of sex, age, and breed. Among 13 MB-containing specimens examined in detail, there was great variation in thickness (0.11 to 2.24 mm; mean, 0.45 mm) of MB and distance (24 to 236 microns; mean, 103 microns) between the MB and the paraconal interventricular branch of the left CA (PIBL). One pair or 2 pairs of blood vessels from the PIBL supplied the MB muscle. Venous blood returned to the coronary circulation via the branches of the great coronary vein coursing on both sides of the PIBL, in close contact with the PIBL and the groove wall. The 2 veins rejoined at the upper portion of the PIBL and passed obliquely to the coronary groove under the left auricle, and finally drained the blood through the coronary sinus into the right ventricle. Innervation to the MB muscle was derived from nerve branches of the middle cervical ganglion and left vagus nerve. CONCLUSION: Prevalence and localization of MB in dogs and human beings are similar. Vascularization of the MB muscle originates from the PIBL. The cervical ganglion and vagus nerve control the MB muscle.

Age Factors↗