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Biomedical subjects

M Yagi

Publications and source records attributed to M Yagi.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Studies on changes in low esophageal sphincter function after esophageal transection or esophago-esophagostomy in children].

An aim of the present study is to clarify the changes of esophageal function after surgical treatments of the esophageal varices or the congenital esophageal stenosis in children. Esophageal manometric studies were performed in sixteen children undergoing the esophageal transection with paraesophageal devascularization or the esophago-esophagostomy with partial esophagectomy before, within 1 month and over 7 months after the operation. The pressure of lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the length of LES, the LES relaxation test and the gastroesophageal reflux (GER) inducing test were measured. 1) Esophageal transection; The pressure dropped within 1 month and returned to the preoperative level over 11 months after the operation. Temporal deterioration of LES function was observed during the early postoperative days. However, return to the preoperative state was gained over 1 year. 2) Esophago-esophagostomy; The pressure and the length of LES were not changed after the operation. The LES function was disturbed preoperatively and moreover long postoperatively, in the case when congenital stenosis closely existed to the esophago-gastric junction. Degree of the postoperative disturbance of the LES function may be influenced by the distance to the part of the transection or the partial esophagectomy from the E-C junction.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

A new nonoperative method of percutaneous transgastric fistulo-drainage for an intractable external pancreatic fistula--a case report.

The external pancreatic fistula is a well-known complication of pancreatectomy and is conventionally classified as either a partial fistula or a total fistula. A partial fistula usually closes spontaneously and operative intervention is rarely needed, whereas, a total fistula on the other hand, very often does not close and may therefore require surgical intervention. We report herein, a case of an intractable total pancreatic fistula following pancreatoduodenectomy which was successfully repaired by a new non-operative method of percutaneous transgastric fistulo-drainage (PTFD). This technique, performed under the control of a two-way X-ray television system, is safe and considered useful for the treatment of an intractable total pancreatic fistula. In the future, this may be the method of choice for the management of such refractory total pancreatic fistulae.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Stimulation of neutrophil adherence to vascular endothelial cells by histamine and thrombin and its inhibition by PAF antagonists and dexamethasone.

1. In order to clarify the roles of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in histamine- and thrombin-induced neutrophil adhesion to vascular endothelial cells, the effects of several PAF antagonists were examined. The effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone were also examined in order to gain further insight into the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids. 2. In culture, histamine and thrombin stimulated the adherence of rat peritoneal neutrophils to human endothelial cells from the umbilical vein. They did not stimulate neutrophil adherence in the absence of endothelial cells, suggesting that the target cells for the histamine- and thrombin-induced adherence of neutrophils were endothelial cells, not neutrophils. 3. Several PAF antagonists, such as CV-3988, L-652,731 and Y-24,180 inhibited the histamine- and thrombin-induced neutrophil adherence in a concentration-dependent manner. Indomethacin failed to inhibit it. 4. Dexamethasone, a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, did not inhibit the histamine- and thrombin-induced adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells when the drug was present only during the 20 min incubation period for the adherence assay. When the endothelial cells were preincubated for 3 h with dexamethasone, the adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells induced by histamine or thrombin was not inhibited. 5. When the neutrophils were preincubated for 3 h with dexamethasone, the histamine- and thrombin-induced adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells was inhibited. 6. Our studies indicate that: (a) adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells induced by histamine and thrombin is mediated by PAF production since PAF antagonists inhibited the adherence of neutrophils; and (b) neutrophils, not endothelial cells, are the target cells through which dexamethasone acts to inhibit adherence.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vestibular pathology in a new-mutant mouse.

The histological characteristics of the vestibule in a strain of new-mutant mice were studied under light microscopy. These new-mutant mice, manifesting drawing back, circling, head-tossing and hyperactive behavior arose as a spontaneous mutation in the C3H/He stock. For our study, 36 of these mice ranging in age from 10 days to 18 months were used. At 10 to 15 days after birth, the vestibular gross anatomy was well-developed and all three cristae and two maculae were morphologically normal. Age-dependent degeneration of the saccular maculae was found to begin at 21 days, and almost all hair cells were missing at 90 days. Further, morphological changes in the utricular maculae appeared at one year, and a severe loss of hair cells was observed at 18 months. In contrast, the cristae ampullaris remained well preserved until the age of 18 months. The phenotype of the abnormal gene in these mutant mice correlates to the morphological abnormalities seen in the vestibule.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Morphological changes of cochlea in a strain of new-mutant mice.

The hearing ability and histological characteristics of the cochlea of a strain of new-mutant mice were analyzed. This new mutant arose as a spontaneous mutation in the C3H/He stock. The genetic mode is autosomal recessive and the animals show abnormal behavior such as circling, head-tossing and hyperactivity. The audiological findings exhibited no recordable auditory brain stem response (ABR) in any homozygotes at ages ranging from 11 days to 117 days. For morphological examination, we used 36 homozygote with ages ranging from 10 days to 18 months. The primary morphological abnormalities were observed in the organ of Corti. The stereocilia of the outer hair cells showed disarray throughout the whole cochlea, although outer hair cell cytoplasm became fully developed, including the nerve terminals. Age-dependent degeneration of the outer hair cells subsequently occurred from the basal to the apical part of the cochlea. The earliest change demonstrated in the outer hair cells was cuticular degeneration. Although the abnormalities of the inner hair cells occurred late, a complete loss of inner and outer hair cells was demonstrated. The stria vascularis was well preserved at a later age as were spiral ganglion cells. These histological findings confirm that this mouse is classified as a neuroepithelial-type mutant. As this animal was expected to have a single gene abnormality, molecular genetic studies on this animal can provide important information on the nature of histological changes of the hair cell from a mode of gene action.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

[5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), mitomycin C (MMC), etoposide and medroxy progesterone acetate (MPA) in a previously treated patient with advanced breast cancer].

An advanced breast cancer patient refractory to CAF (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil), 5-FU-Methotrexate sequential therapy and Tamoxifen was treated with the combination 5' DFUR, MMC, Etoposide and MPA. Complete response was obtained both against liver and lymph node metastases from 7 months after the initial treatment. A mild bone marrow suppression and appetite loss were observed as the side effect. It is suggested that the combination therapy may be useful for previously treated patients with advanced breast cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Doppler ultrasonic assessment with hemodynamics of gynecologic tumor].

Color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound examinations were done on 11 normal volunteers (NU) and 286 patients that consisted of cervical carcinoma (CC), leiomyoma and/or adenomyosis (M), endometrial carcinoma (EC), trophoblastic disease (TD), benign ovarian tumor (BO), Krukenberg tumor (KT) and ovarian carcinoma (OC). The vascularity was based on the resistance index (RI) and maximum blood flow velocity (Vmax). In uterine disease, there was significant difference (p less than 0.01) among each group, except but one correspondence between NU and CC with RI, and there was significant difference (p less than 0.001) between NU and M, CC and M with Vmax. In ovarian disease, there was significant difference among each group with RI, and there was no significant difference among each group with Vmax. Therefore, Doppler ultrasound is a useful diagnostic tool for assessing gynecologic tumor vascularity.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1990

A case of pheochromocytoma with severe paralytic ileus.

We report herein a rare case of a 26 year old woman with pheochromocytoma complicated by paralytic ileus. She presented with remarkable abdominal distension and respiratory difficulty but was effectively treated by surgical removal of the tumor with preoperative and operative management using alpha and beta adrenergic blocking agents. An excessive and persistent catecholamine production from large tumors or massive metastases characterizes this rare complication, and a review of the English and Japanese literature is given following this report.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Secondary reconstruction of the alveolar process after correction of mandibular discontinuity defects.

Mandibular defects in six patients were immediately reconstructed with pure titanium reconstruction plates and autogenous iliac bone blocks. However, an alveolar process adequate for functional fitting of a denture did not form. More than 6 months after the reconstruction, correction of the ridge deficiency was attempted using autogenous particulate iliac cancellous bone and marrow combined with hydroxylapatite particles. By this secondary reconstruction, a functional well-fitting denture could be constructed for all six patients. After more than 2 years no evidence of resorption or infection has occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Estimation of whole body protein synthesis from oxidation of infused [1-14C]leucine.

In rats infused with NaH14CO3, 14CO2 exhalation approached an asymptotic rate equal to 96.0 +/- 1.3 (SD) % of the infusion rate of 14C in a monoexponential manner with a half-time of 20 min. In rats infused with [1-14C]leucine, 14CO2 exhalation (/0.96) approached an asymptotic value, (1-F), of 16-25% of 14C infusion rate (mean 20.4%) in a monoexponential manner with a half-time of approximately 31 min. Whole body protein synthesis (S) was calculated from 1-F and urea N plus ammonia N excretion (C) as S = CF/(1-F). S was a uniform function of body weight in these rats, in six additional rats in which S was measured 6 h after single intravenous injection of [1-14C]leucine and also in previously reported rats given single injections. The relationship was S (mg.100 g-1.h-1) = 11-0.143 body wt (g) +/- 8.3. In six of these rats, S was also estimated from the plateau specific activity of plasma leucine or plasma 2-ketoisocaproate (KIC); the former estimate of S was significantly lower (by an average of 17%), but S was the same when specific activity of KIC was employed. These results support the validity of the expired 14CO2 technique for measuring S.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1990

Nitrogen sparing by 2-ketoisocaproate in parenterally fed rats.

In rats receiving total parenteral nutrition with or without sodium 2-ketoisocaproate (KIC; 2.48 g.kg-1.day-1), L-[1-13C]leucine and [1-14C]KIC were constantly infused for 6 h. CO2 production, 14CO2 production, 13CO2 enrichment, urinary urea nitrogen (N) plus ammonia N and total urinary N were measured. Whole body protein synthesis (S) was calculated in non-KIC-infused rats and also in unfed rats infused with [1-14C]leucine from fractional oxidation of labeled leucine (1-F), where F is fractional utilization for protein synthesis, and urea N plus ammonia N excretion (C) as S = C x F/(1-F). Addition of KIC caused a significant reduction in N excretion and a significant improvement in N balance. Fractional oxidation of labeled KIC increased, whereas fractional utilization of labeled KIC for protein synthesis decreased, but the extent of incorporation of infused KIC into newly synthesized protein (as leucine) amounted to at least 40% of the total rate of leucine incorporation into newly synthesized whole body protein. We conclude that addition of KIC spares N in parenterally fed rats and becomes a major source of leucine for protein synthesis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Direct injection analysis of ketoprofen enantiomers in plasma using column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography system.

A high-performance liquid chromatography system was developed for the stereoselective determination of ketoprofen enantiomers in human plasma following direct sample injection. The system comprised of a pretreatment column and a chiral separation column connected in a series via a switching valve. When a 200 microliter portion of human plasma containing a therapeutic level of ketoprofen was directly applied to the system, ketoprofen was adsorbed in the pretreatment column, while plasma proteins were excluded. After the elution of proteins from the pretreatment column, the valve was switched and ketoprofen was desorbed and transferred to the chiral separation column where the enantiomers were separated and determined by ultraviolet-absorption. The mobile phase conditions for the pretreatment and chiral separation were optimized, which enabled rapid and complete recovery followed by satisfactory separation of the enantiomers. The calibration line for each enantiomer showed good linearity in the range of 0.25-5 micrograms/ml with a detection limit of 0.02 micrograms/ml (signal to noise ratio (S/N) greater than 3), which was sufficient for practical demands. The precision test indicated that the coefficient of variation for five repeated determinations of (-) ketoprofen was 5.4% at 0.1 microgram/ml and 1.4% at 1 microgram/ml.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1990

[Clinicostatical study on the sensorineural hearing loss accompanying otitis media with effusion].

It is pointed out that sensorineural hearing loss sometimes accompanies otitis media with effusion. In order to clarify the incidence and clinical features of sensorineural hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion, the cases over the past ten years were reviewed. During the period from January 1979 through December 1988, 1338 patients were diagnosed to have otitis media with effusion and showed reliable audiograms in our clinic. Among these patients, 237 patients (17.7%) showed sensorineural hearing loss, defined as a bone conduction loss of 25 dB or more at any one of the frequencies of 500 through 4 kHz. The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss increased as the age of the patients increased. By analyzing their clinical course, these 237 patients were classified into 3 groups according to the etiological relationship of sensorineural hearing loss and otitis media with effusion. In Group A which comprises 14 patients (1.0%), a strong causal relationship was suspected. This group was further divided into 2 subgroups. In one subgroup of 4 patients, sensorineural hearing loss developed rather rapidly during the course of otitis media with effusion and recovered gradually. In the other subgroup of 10 patients, sensorineural hearing loss progressed and did not recover. The clinical features of these 2 subgroups were quite different. In Group B which comprises 50 patients (3.7%), causal relationship was suspected but was not confirmed. Many of the patients in this group showed unilateral otitis media with effusion and the sensorineural hearing loss in the same ear, which was characteristically demonstrated as bone conduction loss at 2 and 4 kHz.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical observations of acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss considered as cochlear hydrops].

Acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL) has the following three criteria; obscure origin, acute onset and sensorineural hearing loss limited to low frequencies. Sixteen cases of ALHL which were considered as cochlear hydrops using glycerol test and electrocochleogram were studied. All patients visited our department within two weeks after onset and were followed up for one year or more after initial examination. The subjective symptoms, the character of vestibular and hearing impairment and prognosis of 16 cases with ALHL were also investigated. The results were as follows. 1. Patients complained of ear fullness rather than hearing impairment. Four patients were unaware of hearing loss. 2. Recruitment phenomenon was found in all of 15 cases examined. Vestibular findings were mostly normal, except that spontaneous nystagmus was found in two cases and head-shaking nystagmus in one. 3. Recurrence and fluctuation of hearing impairment occurred in 14 cases. Three cases had an attack of rotatory vertigo once and two has diagnosed as Meniere's disease later. 4. During three months prior to last examination, hearing was stabilized in nine cases and continued to fluctuate in seven cases. In the former, hearing was improved in four cases, unchanged in three, and worsened in two. 5. Two patients underwent an endolymphatic sac operation and have had a good prognosis. 6. The authors suggest that most of ALHL should be considered as transient cochlear hydrops because the subjective symptom and audiological and vestibular findings of our cases are similar to those of cases which were reported as ALHL by other investigators. According to the findings of glycerol test and electrocochleogram, endolymphatic hydrops in ALHL is considered to exist in all turns of cochlea.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

WS-7528, a new isoflavanone with estrogen activity isolated from Streptomyces sp. No. 7528. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities.

WS-7528, produced by Streptomyces sp. No. 7528, was extracted from cultured broth, purified by solvent extraction followed by chromatography on silica gel and then isolated as pale yellow powder (C16H14O5, mp 95-98 degrees C). WS-7528 inhibited estrogen binding to its receptor protein in rat uterine cytosol. The IC50 value of WS-7528 for partially purified rat uterine cytosol receptor was 5.7 x 10(-8) M. This compound was found to induce the growth of the estrogen dependent cell line MCF-7. WS-7528 was tested orally and subcutaneously in immature rats to confirm its effect on the growth of the uterus. WS-7528 has also weak anti-inflammatory activity on the carrageenin paw edema of the rat model.

Animals↗