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Biomedical subjects

M Wu

Publications and source records attributed to M Wu.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Enhancement of immunotoxin activity using chemical and biological reagents.

One of the major discoveries of effective therapeutics is the use of targeted treatment, such as antibody-directed toxins, i.e. immunotoxins; however, this medicine delivery strategy is still at a developmental stage. A number of problems need to be resolved; one is their inefficacy when applied in vivo. Research has stimulated interest in this area through the use of chemical reagents and other moieties to increase the activity of immunotoxins. In this article, reagents that can potentiate the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins are reviewed and the mechanisms that increase activity of immunotoxins are discussed. Lysosomotropic amines, especially ammonium chloride and chloroquine, may raise the pH value of the lysosome in which the conjugates enter. Carboxylic ionophores, e.g. monensin, can influence Golgi vacuolation, which may facilitate the routing of conjugates, augmenting activity. Calcium channel antagonists may increase immunotoxin killing through morphological or other mechanisms that are not yet well understood. Viral particles and surface structure can enhance the cytotoxicity of conjugates, probably through the mechanism of disrupting endosomes. In addition, cytokines, beta-adrenergic blockers, immunosuppressive agents (cyclosporin A) and some antibiotics (daunorubicin) can be used to increase the effect of immunotoxins.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1997

The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH): intervention, implementation, and feasibility for elementary schools in the United States.

The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) was the largest school-based field trial ever sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. The trial demonstrated positive changes in the school food service and physical education program, as well as in students' cardiovascular health behaviors. Because the CATCH intervention programs were implemented in 56 schools (in four states) that were typical of schools throughout the United States, their reception by schools and degree of implementation provide evidence about their feasibility for schools nationally. Extensive process evaluation data were collected from students, teachers, school food service personnel, and physical education specialists throughout the three school years of the CATCH intervention. Four of the CATCH programs--school food service, physical education, classroom curricula, and home programs--were assessed over the three school years. The process data provide information on participation, dose, fidelity, and compatibility of the CATCH programs in the intervention schools for these programs. High levels of participation, dose, fidelity, and compatibility were observed for the four programs during the 3 school years. CATCH emerges as a model of a feasible multilevel health promotion program to improve eating and exercise behaviors for elementary schools in the United States.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Targeted disruption of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene: metabolic consequences in obese and nonobese mice.

To address the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has a role in obesity-associated insulin resistance or the regulation of in vivo lipid metabolism, mice with targeted disruption of the TNF-alpha gene were generated and studied. The absence of TNF-alpha protein in TNF-null (-/-) mice was confirmed. Lean or obese (gold-thioglucose [GTG]-injected) homozygous (-/-) mice were compared with lean or obese age- and sex-matched wild-type (+/+) mice derived from the same line at 13, 19, and 28 weeks of age. The following parameters were significantly affected in lean -/- versus +/+ mice: Body weight was not affected until week 28 (decreased by 14%); epididymal fat pad weight also decreased (25%) at this time, as did percentage body fat (16%), while percentage body protein was increased 13%. Fed plasma insulin levels decreased 47% (28 weeks), triglyceride levels decreased (all three ages; maximum 35% at 19 weeks), and fed plasma leptin decreased 33% (28 weeks). Fasting glucose was slightly (10%) reduced, but the glucose response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was not affected. There was a trend (NS) toward increased total adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase in -/- versus +/+ mice. GTG-treatment resulted in obese -/- and +/+ mice with equal mean body weights (42 and 58% increased weight versus lean mice). The following parameters were significantly different in obese -/- mice: fasting plasma glucose decreased 13% (28 weeks), fed plasma insulin decreased 67% (28 weeks), and insulin response to OGTT was decreased by 50%. For both groups of obese mice, glucose levels during the OGTT were substantially increased compared with those in lean mice; however, mean stimulated glucose levels were 20% lower in obese -/- versus +/+ mice. We conclude 1) that TNF-alpha functions to regulate plasma triglycerides and body adiposity and 2) that although TNF-alpha contributes to reduced insulin sensitivity in older or obese mice, the absence of TNF-alpha is not sufficient to substantially protect against insulin resistance in the GTG hyperphagic model of rodent obesity.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Clinicopathological study on 3,160 cases of liver tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To study the developmental and clinicopathological characteristics of liver tumors in China. METHODS: Routine methods were utilized to analyse the composition and clinicopathological features of 3,160 cases of liver tumors which were surgically resected during a period of 14 years. RESULTS: 25 types of liver tumors arising from three germinal layers were studied. Tumor-like lesions, 4 types, 112 cases (3.5%); benign tumors, 10 types, 499 cases (15.8%); malignant tumors, 11 types, 2,549 cases (80.7%). Of the three groups, the most common being inflammatory pseudotumors, accounting for 73.2% of tumor-like lesions, cavernous hemangioma, accounting for 74.3% of benign tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma, accounting for 96.8% of malignant tumors respectively. The association of cirrhosis in small hepatocellular carcinoma (< 3 cm) was as high as 83.2%. CONCLUSION: A close relationship between HBV, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma exists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Expression of ICAM-1 mRNA in HCC using in situ hybridization technique].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) mRNA expression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its invasion and metastasis. METHODS: 34 cases of HCC and their pericarcinomatous tissues were studied on cryostat sections by in situ hybridization to investigate ICAM-1 mRNA expression. RESULTS: The ICAM-1 mRNA expression was stronger in the carcinomatous tissues of 19/21 invasive cases than that in the pericarcinomatous tissues, while in the 13 non-invasive cases, only 4 exhibited weak ICAM-1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: ICAM-1 mRNA expression may correlate with increased risk of invasion and metastasis of HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[c-met expression in human hepatocellular cancer].

Using Northern blot method, we examined the expression of c-met in human hepatocellular cancer. Of 30 patients tested, the expression of c-met mRNA was not significantly different in HCC tissues from corresponding noncancerous parenchyma (P > 0.05). There was no significant relationship between c-met expression and grade of differentiation, stage of clinic, AFP, HBsAg (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that c-met may play different roles in the pathogenesis and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Using Nd-YAG laser to desensitize the hypersensitive dentine in preparing the abutment teeth for removable partial dentures prosthesis].

Patients often suffer from sensitivity and pain while preparing the seats of occlusal rests of clasps on abutment teeth with hypersensitive dentine for removable partial dentures prosthesis. Base Nd-YAG laser desensitization effect by making a hard surface layer in the hypersensitive dentine of the abutment teeth, We use this method to treat the teeth before and after occlusal seats of clasps preparation, 20 patients, more than 30 occlusal seats of clasp rests are completed smoothly without any suffering since 1991. All the patients wear their dentures satisfactorily without afterward side effect. After half one year to four years followed observation all the rests adapt to their seats well without marking wear, We believe that the desensitizing effect of Nd-YAG Laser is effective in preparing occlusal seats for removable partial denture prosthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical application of transmyocardial laser revascularization].

Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR), a new technique, provides direct perfusion of ischemic myocardium via laser-created transmural channels. From 1995 to 1996, we treated 7 patients (mean age 60 years, all men) with TMLR. Preperatively, 5 patients were in angina class (C. C. S) 3-4 and 2 patients had unstable angina. To identify the location and extent of their reversible ischemia, the coronary angiogram, 99mSPECT and/or dobutamine echocardiography was performed before operation in 7 patients. Through a left anterior thoractomy in the fifth intehcostal space, heart exposure was gained. With the use of a 700-watt CO2 laser, TMLR was performed on the beating heart. An average of 22 +/- 3 channels were created in 45 minutes with a total operative time of less than 2 and half hours. The in hospital mortality was one of 7 patients. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 12 months (accumulated 48 patient-months). Postoperatively, the relief of angina was noted in 6 patients. Postoperative SPECT and dubatamin-UCG were obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months. (99mTc) SPECT showed a significant improvement of myocardial perfusion in the area of reversible ischemia. Dobutamin-UCG documented an increase in the ventricular wall motion and LVEF in 2 patients as compared with basline. These early results indicate that TMLR may provide angina relief, improve myocardial perfusion and increase cardiac function for patients with ischemic heart disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Tracheobronchoplasty: a report of 40 cases].

Tracheo bronchoplastic surgery with or without simultaneous arterioplasty was porformed in 40 cases of various bronchopulmanary diseases (benign in 8 and malignant 32). The operation consisted of reconstruction of trachea in 3 cases, plastic carinoplasty 2 cases, and bronchoplasty and pulmonary arterioplasty 1 case, sleeve resection of bronchus 34 cases, 4 cases (10%) had postoperative complications. Two cases (5%) died shortly after operation. Thirty-eight cases recovered. Thirty cases of malignant tumor were followed up from 1 to 10 years. The survival rates were 83.3% (25/30), 53.3% (16/30), 40% (12/30), 23.3% (7/30) at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years respectively. We discussed indication, anesthetic management, surgical procedure and results. The indication must be controlled strictly. The operative procedure and postoperative management must be further improved because the complications and mortality of tracheobronchoplasty are higher than those of conventional resections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Application of Apo B 3' DNA polymorphisms in forensic science Practice].

Amp-FLP analyses of Apo B 3' VNTR locus in human blood stain, saliva (stain), semen, mixed stain and hair have been carried out. The genotypings have been achieved. The genotypes of Apo B 3' locus can be detected accurately in blood stains kept at room temperature within 15 weeks and at -20 degrees C within two years. In a series of paternity testing on 34 cases, 8 false alleged fathers were excluded; of them, 6 were excluded by Apo B 3' locus alone or by Apo B 3' locus combined with other genetic markers. 3 rape cases were investigated; 2 suspects were excluded.

Apolipoproteins B↗
PubMed1997

[The application of D1S80 locus analysis to forensic problems by using Amp-FLP technique].

This is a paper on paternity testing in 85 test cases and the identification of individuals from mixed stains of semen and vaginal secretion in two rape cases. We used primers flanking the hypervariable region of the D1S80 gene to amplify DNA extracted from fresh blood, blood stain, saliva stain, semen stain, mixed stain in vaginal swab, and from fetal tissues. The results revealed that 35 out of 85 alleged fathers in 85 paternity testing cases were excluded. In 30 of the 35 excluded cases, the alleged fathers were excluded by D1S80 locus analysis. The exclusion rate was 35.29%. In 2 of the excluded cases, the alleged fathers were excluded by D1S80 locus analysis only. In 50 nonexcluded paternity testing cases, the paternity index(PI) of D1S80 locus was 2. 0576-111.1111. It indicates that D1S80 locus analysis plays an important role in elevation the relative chance of paternity (RCP) value. In 41 of the 50 nonexcluded cases, RCP was higher that 99.75%. RCP reached 99.300%-99.649% in 9 of cases. In one rape and homicide case, the genotype of D1S80 locus of sperm on the vaginal swab was detected. It gave a clue to investigation. In the other rape case, the genotype of D1S80 of sperm on the vaginal swab was consistent with the blood stain from the suspect. So the suspect was not excluded. Since the D1S80 locus has a high discrimination power it is very useful for forensic individual identification and parentage testing. Some problems have been discussed in this paper.

Blood Stains↗
PubMed1997

[Transferrin subtyping of human semen, semen stain, vaginal fluid and mixed stain using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting].

Transferrin (Tf) is an important genetic marker for personal identification in forensic science. We examined the subtypes in human semen, semen stain, vaginal fluid and mixed stain using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting method(IEFIB). The results showed that, Tf subtypes of 8 semen and semen stain samples stored at room temperature for up to 32 weeks were the same as those in sera. Tf subtypes of 17 vaginal fluid and 4 mixed stain containing few semen were not detected. Tf Subtyping of 1 mixed stain containing enough semen was successful by using IEFIB. These results indicate that Tf is stable in semen stain. The Tf subtyping in semen stain and mixed stain containing enough semen can be carried out by using IEFIB method.

Exudates and Transudates↗
PubMed1997

[Study on the synthesis and secretion rate of transferrin in hepatoma and peritumor hepatocytes].

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of synthesis and secretion of transferrin (Tf) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and search the causes of reduced membrane-bond transferrin in HCC tissue. METHODS: By radioisotope incorporation and immunoprecipitation to determine the synthesis and secretion rate of transferrin in human HCC cells and peritumor hepatocytes. RESULTS: When compared with peritumor hepatocytes the quantity of transferrin synthesized was not changed in HCC cells, but its secretion rate was accelerated significantly while the transferrin storage was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that HCC growth might be enhanced by increased Tf secretion and help explain the decreased membrane-bond form of Tf in HCC tissue.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1997

[Radioimmunologic targeting and therapy with antihuman primary hepatic cancer monoclonal antibodies (Hepama I) in patients].

OBJECTIVE: Effects of monoclonal antibody Hepama-I on targeting and therapy for primary hepatic cancer (PHC) were studied. METHODS: Thirty patients with veritified unresectable PHC were included in this study. For radioimmunoimaging (RII), 131I hepama was administered to 18 patients at a mean dose of 9.25 GBq. For radioimmunotherapy (RIT), 12 patients received a mean dose of 18.5 GBq by Seldinger's method via the hepatic artery. RESULTS: The optimum imaging time was 96 hours after injection. A decline in AFP level was found in 6/8 (75.0%). Reduction of tumor volume was observed as PR 66.6% and the survival time was prolonged in groups with 131I-Hepama-I treatment. CONCLUSION: Hepama I can recognized PHC cells in vivo and intra-hepatic arterial infusion of 131I-Hepama I is one of the acceptable methods of multimodality treatment for unresectable primary hepatic cancer in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of antisense human Fas RNA on activation induced apoptosis of T cell].

OBJECTIVE: To explore an approach to the reduction of activation induced apoptosis of T cell so as to maximize the number of CTL and enhance the tumor cytotoxicity. METHODS: CD3-induced Jurkat cell line was used as the activated T cell apoptosis model,and the antisense Fas cDNA was introduced into Jurkat cells with retroviral vector. RESULTS: The expression level of Fas protein in Jurkat cells transducted with the retroviral vector was decreased. Apoptosis was reduced in antisense Fas-transfected Jurkat cells after anti-CD3 or anti-Fas treatment. CONCLUSION: Antisense blocking of Fas expression can partially inhibit Jurkat cell apoptosis induced by anti-CD3 or anti Fas.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Investigation of fluorescence spectra of alum floc].

The sharp fluorescence peak of alum floc was observed at 340nm. The peak height at 340nm is in proportion to alum concentration under same degree of neutralization. There is similar regular change of this peak height as change of neutralization degree under different alum concentration.

English Abstract↗