Antibiotics are known to alter the anticoagulation induced by warfarin in adults, but little is known about this interaction in children. In a retrospective review of patients under the age of 21 years, we found that antibiotic therapy (89 courses of antibiotics in 23 patients) was associated with an increase in the mean international normalized ratio (INR) from 2.7 to 3.6. The change in INR correlated inversely with patient age. These data suggest that more intensive monitoring of the INR after starting antibiotics may help to mitigate excessive anticoagulation in children receiving warfarin.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Biodistribution of an adenoviral vector carrying the luciferase reporter gene following intravesical or intravenous administration to a mouse.

The biodistribution and resulting pattern of transgene expression were determined following intravesical administration of an adenoviral vector carrying the luciferase reporter gene (AdLuc). Female BALB/c mice were subjected to intravesical instillation of 1 x 10(9) or 5 x 10(9) plaque-forming units of AdLuc. After sacrifice, transgene expression was detected in tissues using luciferase assays; vector DNA was detected by vector-specific polymerase chain reaction. These experiments showed very little vector dissemination outside of the bladder by this route of administration. High-level expression of the vector transgene in the bladder was found to diminish by severalfold after 3 days. In a supporting study, vector dissemination and resulting transgene expression were determined following tail vein injection of 5 x 10(9) plaque-forming units of AdLuc. Vector was distributed to and expressed in every organ analyzed, with the highest concentration and level of expression observed in the liver.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-Wj: an autoantibody that defines a high-incidence antigen modified by the In(Lu) gene.

An IgG autoantibody, named anti-Wj, reacts with all random and most selected red cell samples. It does not agglutinate cells of Lu(a-b-) type caused by the In(Lu) dominant inhibitor gene, but cells of recessive Lu(a-b-) type are reactive. These data establish that synthesis of the Wj antigen is suppressed by the In(Lu) gene, but it is not a part of the Lutheran blood group system. The Wj antigen is not well developed on fetal red cells. This example of auto anti-Wj is a non-complement-binding IgGl protein that did not appear to cause accelerated in vivo destruction of the patient's red cells.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid-propane freeze injury: a case history.

Exposure of skin to liquid propane causes a severe freeze injury. This cutaneous injury has the appearance of a partial-thickness thermal injury of indeterminate depth, but the deep tissue damage is greater than is at first apparent. A case history is presented that illustrates the severity of this particular mechanism of injury and the need for adequate safety precautions.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detects clonal instability in an optic nerve relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PURPOSE: We report a case of an isolated optic nerve relapse 3.5 years after diagnosis of hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in a 6-year-old boy who had been off treatment for 3 months. The use of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for clonal identification of chromosome abnormalities is described. PATIENT AND METHODS: An asymptomatic lesion over the right optic nerve head was identified on routine funduscopic exam. Fine needle aspiration of the optic nerve infiltrate provided tissue for morphologic, immunohistochemical, and FISH analyses. RESULTS: FISH showed similar but not identical chromosome makeup of the leukemic blasts at the time of relapse as compared to tissue samples obtained at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Despite antimetabolite therapy, hyperdiploid ALL can rarely recur isolated to an optic nerve. FISH is a useful adjunct for confirming relapse when low numbers of white blood cells are obtained with fine needle aspiration.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions. Quantitative effects of blood components with emphasis on isoantigenic incompatibility of leukocytes.

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Agglutination Tests↗