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Biomedical subjects

M Wood

Publications and source records attributed to M Wood.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Disseminated tuberculosis in a renal transplant recipient: presentation as an anterior mediastinal mass.

A 26-year-old man who had had a successful cadaveric renal transplant six months previously was admitted for evaluation of fever and dysuria. Chest x-ray revealed a new left pleural effusion, bilateral nodular parenchymal densities, and an anterior mediastinal mass. A biopsy of the mediastinal mass to exclude concurrent malignancy and positive AFB stains from pleural fluid and urine confirmed a diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical demonstration of H2 antigens in mouse tissue sections.

The immunohistological demonstration of H2 antigens in cryostat sections of a wide variety of mouse tissues is reported. The purpose in developing the method was to use H2 antigens as cellular markers in studies of mouse chimeras. Monoclonal anti-H2 antibodies were used, either with a hapten-sandwich technique using biotin or arsanilate, or as direct enzyme conjugates. The direct antibody-enzyme conjugates were simpler to use, provided an intensity of specific staining which was comparable to that obtained with the hapten-sandwich systems, and gave fewer problems of background when simultaneous double staining was attempted. The results provide a description of the distribution of H2 antigens in many of these tissues. The intensity of H2 staining varied widely from tissue to tissue, but also within tissues and between individual mice of the same litter. Quantitation by autoradiography suggests that there is a fivefold variation in available H2 antigen between tissues which are stained strongly or weakly by our technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Yersiniosis in a breeding unit of Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkeys).

2 outbreaks of acute fatal enteric disease involving 20 animals in a breeding unit of approximately 200 cynomolgus monkeys were diagnosed as yersiniosis; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from 50% of the clinically affected animals. Post-mortem findings included enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes with some enterocolitis and necrotic foci in liver and spleen. Approximately 7% of clinically healthy monkeys were found to be excreting Y. pseudotuberculosis and a further 5% Y. enterocolitica. Rectal swabs, though less convenient, were better than faecal samples for the detection of Yersinia spp. in 'healthy' monkeys. Efficiency of the cold saline technique and direct plating for isolating Yersinia spp. were compared. It is thought likely that the infection was introduced into the unit by asymptomatic infected monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

An outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a colony of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

An outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia occurred in a breeding colony of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). 16 animals, all except one under 12 months of age, died suddenly. Extensive lesions of pneumonia and pleurisy were found at necropsy and B. bronchiseptica was isolated from the nasopharynx, trachea and lungs. Older animals had only a mild rhinitis. Colonization of the nasal mucosa occurred in 71 of 156 marmosets.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

H-2 antigens as markers of cellular genotype in chimaeric mice.

We describe an immunohistochemical method, using monoclonal anti-H-2 antibodies, for demonstrating H-2 antigens in cryostat sections of a variety of mouse tissues. Double staining allows simultaneous demonstration of both cell populations in tissue sections from H-2b in equilibrium H-2k aggregation chimaeras.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Plasma binding of pancuronium: effects of age, sex, and disease.

The extent of pancuronium binding in plasma in controversial due to a lack of definitive studies in human plasma. The degree of pancuronium binding in human plasma and the concomitant effects of age, sex, and renal disease on drug binding were determined by equilibrium dialysis using [3H]pancuronium. The free fraction of pancuronium was 93.2 +/- 1.6% in male subjects and 88.9 +/- 2.5% in adult nonpregnant female subjects, indicating that pancuronium is not highly protein bound. The free fraction in newborns and their mothers was 91.0 +/- 1.8% and 89 +/- 1.3%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the plasma binding of pancuronium in men, nonpregnant women (whether on oral contraceptives or not), pregnant women, or neonates. The free fraction of pancuronium was unaltered (90.7 +/- 2.1%) in patients with severe renal disease. We therefore conclude that the binding of pancuronium in human plasma is very low and that age, sex, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and renal disease do not influence the plasma binding of this drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Contrasting effects on halothane hepatotoxicity in the phenobarbital-hypoxia and triiodothyronine model: mechanistic implications.

Factors affecting halothane (H) hepatotoxicity were investigated in two animal models: 1) the phenobarbital-hypoxia model, and 2) the triiodothyronine (T3) model; in the latter we previously have shown that centrilobular necrosis occurs in T3 pretreated rats anesthetized with 1% H, in 21% oxygen for 2 h. Feeding worsens the hepatotoxic effects of H in the T3 model. SGPT levels were higher (P less than 0.001) in T3 pretreated fed animals (641.0 +/- 182.1 U/1) than in T3 pretreated fasted animals (121.9 +/- 30.5 U/1), and histologic grading of hepatic necrosis was more extensive (P less than 0.05) in fed than fasted rats. In contrast, in the phenobarbital-hypoxia model of H hepatotoxicity fasting potentiates the lesion, the severity of histologic grading was worse (P less than 0.001) 24 h after H exposure in fasted than fed rats. Fluoride levels were elevated (P less than 0.001) over control values in the phenobarbital pretreated fasted rats anesthetized with H under hypoxic conditions (15.34 +/- 0.90 microM) but not in T3 pretreated fed rats anesthetized by H in 21% oxygen (2.37 +/- 0.15 microM), indicating that reductive metabolism may not be a prerequisite for toxicity in the T3 model. There was no significant difference in the effect of H and deuterated H on hepatotoxicity in the T3 model. SGPT levels in T3 treated female rats (62.4 +/- 5.1 U/1) were higher (P less than 0.001) than in control female rats (30.5 +/- 1.7 U/1) after H exposure but much less (P less than 0.01) than in male rats (641.0 +/- 182.1 U/1), demonstrating a gender difference for toxicity. These studies show fundamental differences between the two models: 1) hypoxia is required for the phenobarbital-hypoxia model but not for the T3 model; 2) hepatic necrosis correlates with reductive metabolism in the phenobarbital-hypoxia model but not in the T3 model; and 3) nutritional status has important but opposite effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A study of chronic pneumonia in a guineapig colony with enzootic Bordetella bronchiseptica infection.

Three types of lesion were present in the lungs of guineapigs with chronic pneumonia - pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, perivascular lymphoid hyperplasia and foreign body granulomas. Bordetella bronchiseptica was present in the nasopharynx, trachea and lungs of a high proportion of animals from 4 weeks old, and antibodies to this organism were also found. Animals removed at 4 days old and reared in isolation from the main colony and free from B. bronchiseptica developed similar lung lesions, so that B. bronchiseptica appeared to have no causative role in these forms of chronic pneumonia.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Meeting the challenge of research in family medicine: report of The Study Group on Family Medicine Research.

The challenge of research in family medicine is addressed in this paper by describing the rationale for research, appropriate content areas, resources available, and needs for the future. Family medicine has the opportunity to study health and disease in humans within their natural habitat over long periods of time, and to examine the multiple aspects of personal and family health care delivery. Resources for research include large primary care study populations, practitioner and faculty researchers, and technical support systems. The basic needs for the future are to increase the quantity and quality of researchers and to attract more funds designed for research. It is recommended that family medicine practitioners and teachers support research and participate more actively; that family medicine academic units provide their learners more research curricular time and their faculties more research activity time, and that they develop Family Medicine Research Centers; that family medicine professional organizations raise funds to support research, promote research opportunities for their members, and communicate to others the research activities, resources, and needs of family medicine; and that the requirements for residency training be modified to include elective research opportunities.

Canada↗
PubMed1982

Fatigue fractures of Thompson prostheses. A clinical and biomechanical study of revision procedures.

In four patients with fatigue fractures of Thompson prostheses, all had been in place for more than five years. All the patients were very active following the original operative procedure. Radiographs showed a varus position of the implant in three of the four patients, and the proximal fragment appeared loose; this was confirmed at revision operation. The distal fragment was rigidly held, and was only removed after the femoral shaft had been fenestrated. If a window had been cut in the shaft of the femur, the bone was considerably weakened. This clinical impression was confirmed by cadaver studies, which revealed that a lateral window weakens the femur more than an anterior window. For revision operations, replacement with a long-stemmed prosthesis is desirable. This protects the weakened segment of the femur, and provides sufficient strength for immediate weight-bearing.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

Changes in plasma drug binding and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in mother and newborn infant.

A number of drugs bind to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in plasma. To determine whether age-related changes in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein influence drug binding in mother and newborn infant and also the effects of sex, pregnancy, and oral contraceptives on drug binding, the binding of lidocaine, diazepam, propranolol, d-tubocurarine, and metocurine was determined by equilibrium dialysis in 17 men, 16 nonpregnant women, 16 nonpregnant women on oral contraceptives, and 15 mothers and their newborn infants at delivery. The free fraction of d-tubocurarine (p less than 0.05), metocurine (p less than 0.01), propranolol (p less than 0.001), and lidocaine (p less than 0.02) was higher in neonatal blood than in maternal blood, whereas the free fraction of diazepam was less in fetal cord blood than the mother's (p less than 0.02), but higher than that in nonpregnant women (p less than 0.001). The free fractions of diazepam, propranolol, and lidocaine were higher (p less than 0.001) in pregnant women compared with nonpregnant women while the diazepam and lidocaine free fractions were higher (p less than 0.05) in nonpregnant women and oral contraceptives than in women not using them. Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was lower in the fetus (15.3 +/- 4.7 mg/100 ml) than the mother (49.6 +/- 6.5 mg/100 ml) (p less than 0.002). There was a positive correlation between plasma alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentrations and the binding ratio (bound/free concentrations) of lidocaine (p less than 0.001; r = 0.623) and propranolol (p less than 0.001); r = 0.652), indicating that it is likely that the elevation of the free fraction of these drugs in the fetus is due in part to lower levels of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein.

Adult↗