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Biomedical subjects

M Wood

Publications and source records attributed to M Wood.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Mebendazole for worming mice: effectiveness and side effects.

The use of mebendazole-treated diet (60 ppm) effectively controlled Hymenolepis nana and Aspiculuris tetraptera in a large mouse breeding colony. In a 3 generation pilot study using a medicated diet, there was some reduction in litter size and in female growth rate and an overall 2.07% incidence of kinky tails in the offspring. When the whole mouse colony was fed mebendazole-treated diet, a high incidence of kinky tails (maximum 46% of weaned offspring) occurred.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1988

An Hebrew language version of the Stroop test.

We present normative data from a Hebrew language version of the Stroop color-word test. In this sample of college-educated Israeli young adults, 18 women and 28 men with a mean age of 28.4 yr. completed a Hebrew language Stroop test. When compared with 1978 English language norms of Golden, Hebrew speakers were slower on color-word reading and color naming, similar on naming the color of incongruently colored names of colors, and showed less interference. Slowed color-word reading and color-naming may reflect the two-syllable length of the Hebrew names for one-syllable length English language colors; reduced interference may reflect the exclusion of vowels in much Hebrew printing and subjects' ability to provide competing, nonconflicting words while naming the color of words in which the hue and the lexical content do not match.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Early clinical experience of a new heparinoid, Org 10172, in prevention of deep venous thrombosis.

The potential antithrombotic effect of a new low molecular weight heparinoid, Org 10172, was examined in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging pilot study of the prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in 45 high-risk patients having major thoracic or abdominal surgery for cancer. Org 10172 was given in doses of 500, 750 or 1000 U bd subcutaneously. DVT occurred in 9 of 14 patients given placebo and in 4 of 11 patients given 500 U bd but in none of the 20 patients given 750 or 1000 U bd. Operative blood loss and post-operative bleeding were not significantly different between the groups but one patient given 1000 U bd had major post-operative bleeding. Average mid-interval and trough plasma anti-Xa levels reached 0.26 and 0.20 U/ml respectively following the highest dose. It is concluded that Org 10172 is a potentially useful antithrombotic agent and that the effective and safe dose appears to be between 500 and 1000 U bd for prevention of DVT in high-risk patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Acute effects of halothane anesthesia on arterial and venous concentrations of propranolol in the dog.

The present study determined the effect of halothane on arterial and venous propranolol concentrations during a continuous intravenous infusion of propranolol. Arterial and venous concentrations of propranolol remained constant during the experiment in the group of dogs anesthetized only with pentobarbital. However, there was a rapid increase in arterial propranolol concentration from 88 +/- 10 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) prior to halothane to 116 +/- 12 ng/ml (P less than 0.05) and 130 +/- 7 ng/ml (P less than 0.05) 60 and 120 min, respectively, after starting halothane anesthesia (2.0 MAC 1.74%). The increase in venous propranolol concentration lagged substantially behind that of the arterial concentration, so that, 60 min after starting halothane, the arterial to venous (A/V) concentration ratio increased from 1.13 +/- 0.05 to a maximum of 1.48 +/- 0.08. In contrast to the changes following halothane, no significant change in the A/V ratio occurred following fentanyl. Both halothane and fentanyl administration produced a small but significant increase in the free fraction of propranolol (P less than 0.05). The results from this study emphasize the importance of the choice of sampling sites in pharmacokinetic experiments, as well as excluding subtle pharmacokinetic changes during anesthesia before ascribing changes in drug effect to changes in sensitivity to the drug.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1987

Metabolism of azathioprine to 6-thioguanine nucleotides in patients with pemphigus vulgaris.

Azathioprine metabolism, to red cell 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6TGN), was studied in four patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Throughout treatment blood samples were taken for red cell 6TGN assay and differential white cell counts. Metabolite steady-state occurred in three patients in 2, 2 and 4 months respectively. In the fourth patient red cell 6TGN concentrations increased slowly over 3 years. There was a significant negative correlation between 6TGN concentrations and the white blood cell count (rs = -0.92, P less than 0.0005) in this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A clinical study of sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside during controlled hypotensive anesthesia in young and elderly patients.

Aging has important effects on the cardiovascular system; baroreceptor reflex function decreases and the elderly are more resistant to both beta-receptor agonists and antagonists. The purpose of the present clinical study was to determine the relationship between age and sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside in 16 patients during deliberate hypotensive anesthesia by determining the blood pressure changes in young and elderly patients to incremental increases in dose of sodium nitroprusside. A dose-response curve relating change in mean blood pressure to dose of sodium nitroprusside (microgram X kg-1 X min-1) was constructed for each patient; the slope of this line is a measure of "sensitivity." The change in mean arterial blood pressure per microgram X kg-1 X min-1 nitroprusside dose (i.e., slope), showed a significant correlation with age (r = 0.766, P less than 0.001), demonstrating that sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside increases with advancing years. The maximum change in heart rate produced by nitroprusside showed a reciprocal correlation with age (r = -0.791, P less than 0.001). There was no significant correlation between age and maximum change in plasma norepinephrine or epinephrine concentrations during nitroprusside infusion. The increased sensitivity to nitroprusside might have been due to diminished baroreflex activity, resistance of cardiac adrenergic receptors to catecholamine stimulation, or alteration in sensitivity to the direct vasodilating effects of sodium nitroprusside. Whatever the mechanism, however, this clinical study has shown that lower doses of nitroprusside should be used in elderly patients to achieve the same degree of hypotension achieved in younger patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The effects of cadmium on succinate and NADH-linked substrate oxidations in rat hepatic mitochondria.

Low concentrations of cadmium (3.3-40 microM) inhibited State 3 NADH-linked respiration in rat hepatic mitochondria, but failed to release oligomycin (1 microgram) inhibited State 3 respiration, or to significantly change the State 4 rate. In the presence of succinate, 40 microM cadmium inhibited State 3 respiration by 89%, while concentrations between 3.3 and 13.3 microM stimulated State 4 respiration. Higher concentrations caused marked inhibition. In the presence of succinate, cadmium released oligomycin inhibited State 3 respiration. Cadmium (0.001-1.0 mM) did not stimulate mitochondrial ATPase activity or inhibit ferricyanide reduction, but stimulated NAD+ linked mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities and NADH oxidation. These results indicate that cadmium interacts with either the NADH dehydrogenase complex or other NADH-dependent enzymes and not solely by an uncoupling action.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Denominator definition by the utilization correction factor method.

Most clinical research in the United States has been carried out in atypical populations. This study, done in a network of primary care populations in Virginia, calculates the denominator by the utilization correction factor method and compares the demography with that of the population of the state. The demographic characteristics of the patients in the network are very similar to those of the underlying populations and on the same order of state-of-the-art sampling methods in current use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Clinical evaluation of a new nonelectronic all-in-the-ear hearing device for mild hearing loss.

A new, nonelectronic hearing aid was studied in 112 patients with mild sloping sensorineural hearing loss. The device, worn all in the ear and made of clear plastic, produced a mean functional gain of 9.6 dB at 1500 Hz, 12.4 dB at 1750 Hz, and 9.1 dB at 2000 Hz, with lesser gains at adjacent frequencies between 1000 and 2500 Hz. Speech discrimination in quiet and in noise was improved. Patient acceptance of the device (in a group of 884 patients) was 76%. The device appears to be useful in the treatment of mild hearing loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Mouse interferon produced in vivo does not inhibit the development of preimplantation mouse embryos.

Mouse embryos were cultured in vitro in medium with serum containing interferon which had been induced in vivo by intravenous administration of polyinosine-polycytidylic acid. Two-cell and blastocyst-stage embryos were incubated for 72 and 24 h respectively before embryo transfer, or fixation to determine cell number. Further, blastocysts were outgrown on coverslips in embryo culture medium with fetal calf serum and interferon. Expression of an intermediate filament protein (Mr 55 000) in blastocyst outgrowths was examined with a monoclonal antibody. Embryos appeared morphologically normal and after treatment the mean cell number did not differ from that of controls. Implantation was unaffected by any of the treatments, but culture before transfer in medium containing mouse serum reduced the number of normal fetuses recovered on Day 14 of gestation compared to those cultured in medium without serum. Exposure to interferon did not modify the expression of filaments in the outgrown blastocyst. It is therefore unlikely that interferon induced by viral infection during pregnancy is responsible for preimplantation embryonic loss.

Animals↗