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Biomedical subjects

M Wood

Publications and source records attributed to M Wood.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Leadership: a nursing perspective.

The Task Force for Collaborative Nursing Education Models was a successful collaboration involving female nurse administrators. The nature of leadership in the Task Force was studied as part of a larger research project examining the process of collaboration that evolved over the 40 months of its existence (October 1987-February 1991). A retrospective qualitative case study approach was used. Data were collected from an analysis of documents that had been generated by the group, and from 36 semi-structured interviews with the 28 Task Force members. Findings and conclusions about leadership were validated during a final group interview with eight selected members. Findings of this study support the following contentions: women lead differently than men, and leadership is a collective process rather than a specialized role assumed by a single person who influences the work of other group members. Leadership was also found to rotate among group members according to the issue being considered and the expertise of those present. These findings did not support the positivist theories of leadership prevalent in current nursing management text books.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Mobile telephones interfere with medical electrical equipment.

Electromagnetic interference in medical electrical equipment has not been a serious problem in recent years even with the proliferation of analogue mobile phones and two-way handheld radios. With the introduction of GSM digital mobile phones into Australia we have conducted measurements and found that, within 2m, the electric fields from digital mobile phones can exceed the immunity level of 7 V/m recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical electrical equipment. Current analogue mobile phones were shown to produce electric fields that exceed the 7 V/m level only at relatively shorter distances. In another test, both analogue and digital mobile phones were operated close to a range of typical medical electrical equipment. It was found that existing equipment generally meets the FDA standard, but digital mobile phones caused a variety of artefacts and alarm conditions. This problem must be addressed by the medical engineering profession; in the meantime, nursing and other staff should be educated to recognise these problems and restrictions must be placed upon the use of mobile phones in hospitals.

Electromagnetic Fields↗
PubMed1993

Evolution of complex chromosomal rearrangements in a case of biphenotypic pre-B/myeloid acute leukemia.

A case of acute biphenotypic leukemia, in which blast cells coexpress antigens of both lymphoid and myeloid lineages, was seen in a 24-year-old female. The clonal karyotype was complex but did not include any of the abnormalities previously found in biphenotypic leukemia. Chromosome abnormalities included breakpoints seen in both acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemias as well as a number of known fragile sites, namely the rare heritable fragile site at 10q24, and the common, aphidicolin-induced sites on chromosome 7.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ethnic differences in response to morphine.

Only recently has attention been focused on the importance of interethnic differences as determinants of interindividual variability in drug response. We compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine in eight Chinese and eight white healthy mean after 0.15 mg/kg of morphine intravenously. The clearance of morphine was significantly higher in the Chinese subjects than in the white subjects because of an increase in the partial metabolic clearance by glucuronidation. There was no interethnic difference in the metabolism to normorphine. Morphine depressed the respiratory response to rebreathing carbon dioxide more in white subjects than in Chinese subjects, resulting in a greater reduction in resting ventilation and resting end-tidal PCO2. The slope of the ventilation/PCO2 response curve, a measure of carbon dioxide sensitivity, was reduced more in white subjects than Chinese subjects. As a result, white subjects had a greater depression in ventilation at a PCO2 of 55 mm Hg. The morphine-induced reduction in blood pressure was also greater in white subjects than in Chinese subjects. Thus this study has shown ethnicity to be an important determinant of the disposition and effects of morphine.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Radiofrequency catheter ablation for the management of cardiac tachyarrhythmias.

Radiofrequency catheter ablation techniques allow for safe and highly effective curative therapy of a variety of cardiac dysrhythmias. The technique involves the delivery of a high-frequency, alternating electrical current through an intravascular catheter to sites of arrhythmogenic myocardium. This current induces resistive electrical heating of the tissue, resulting in discrete areas of myocardial destruction through coagulation and desiccation. Dysrhythmias most commonly treated with these techniques are atrioventricular nodal reentry and tachycardias related to accessory atrioventricular bypass tracts. For these dysrhythmias, success rates of 90% to 95% are achievable with a low (2% to 4%) risk of complications. Radiofrequency catheter ablation techniques also have been used to treat ventricular tachycardias, atrial flutter, ectopic atrial tachycardia, and sinus node reentry, albeit with lower success rates. These techniques are still evolving, alternate energy sources (such as microwave and laser) and improved catheter technology should enhance the technique's safety and efficacy for a wider range of dysrhythmias.

Atrial Flutter↗
PubMed1993

Adenotonsillectomy in patients with inherited bleeding disorders.

We describe the management of tonsil or tonsil and adenoid surgery in our hospital in 10 patients with inherited bleeding disorders, over a 10-year-period. The approach to the management of the haemostatic defect is outlined in detail. All underwent successful surgery, two patients had limited secondary haemorrhage. This report demonstrates that patients with inherited bleeding disorders can safely undergo adenotonsillectomy, providing there is close liaison between surgeons and haematologists throughout the peri-operative period.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1993

Effect of enflurane and isoflurane on norepinephrine kinetics: a new approach to assessment of sympathetic function during anesthesia.

We investigated the effects of enflurane [1.0 and 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)] and isoflurane (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 MAC) on norepinephrine (NE) spillover (a measure of NE release rate) and NE clearance in 16 dogs, by using an isotope (3H-NE) dilution technique. During anesthesia with either enflurane or isoflurane, endogenous NE concentrations decreased markedly. In contrast, 3H-NE concentrations increased or remained unchanged. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in NE spillover with both anesthetics at all doses studied. NE spillover decreased by 54% +/- 6% and 68% +/- 4% at 1.0 MAC enflurane and 1.5 MAC enflurane, respectively. Isoflurane decreased NE spillover by 54% +/- 8%, 59% +/- 9%, and 71% +/- 8% at 1.0 MAC, 1.5 MAC, and 2.0 MAC isoflurane, respectively. NE clearance was reduced by both anesthetics; enflurane reduced NE clearance (P < 0.05) at all concentrations studied, whereas NE clearance was reduced by 24% +/- 8% from awake values only at the highest dose of isoflurane (P < 0.05, 2.0 MAC). For enflurane, NE clearance was decreased by 17% +/- 5% at 1.0 MAC and 37% +/- 7% at 1.5 MAC enflurane. Because decreased NE clearance would otherwise have increased NE plasma concentration, our measured decreases in endogenous plasma NE concentrations probably did not reflect the actual extent of sympathetic inhibition produced by enflurane and isoflurane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1993

Serum CA 125 concentrations in women with endometriosis or uterine fibroids treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist analogues.

We assessed the possible role of CA 125 in the monitoring of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist analogue therapy in women with endometriosis and uterine fibroids. Serum concentrations of this cell surface antigen did not correlate with uterine volume and appeared to have no value in the assessment of shrinkage of uterine fibroids during GnRH agonist treatment. While CA 125 levels were not always elevated in subjects with endometriosis, they fell during treatment in all patients. The change accurately reflected therapeutic progress in these women and was of particular value in those patients who had commenced therapy with elevated levels. It is suggested that CA 125 may be useful in the monitoring of therapeutic progress in selected patients with endometriosis treated with GnRH agonists; the need for surgical follow-up may be obviated.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗