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Biomedical subjects

M Wolfson

Publications and source records attributed to M Wolfson.

119 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Aurintricarboxylic acid decreases proliferative potential of SKOV3 and MCF7 human carcinoma cells.

The effect of aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) on cell growth and proliferative capacity was studied in human ovarian SKOV3 and breast MCF7 carcinoma cells. ATA moderately inhibited cell growth measured by a Neutral red assay after a 24-hour incubation of the cells in the presence of ATA. The ATA-treated cells displayed a markedly decreased capacity to proliferate, as was evident from a colony formation assay. The initial and delayed anti-proliferative effects of ATA were dose-dependent. Together, the results indicated that ATA offers the potential of being recognized as an anti-tumor drug, at least in certain types of cancers.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
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Acute renal failure owing to inadvertent vancomycin overdose. Vancomycin removal by continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration.

Acute renal failure developed in a patient who received 56 grams of vancomycin intravenously over a 10 day period. The resulting serum vancomycin level was 284 micrograms per ml and declined to 140 micrograms per ml in a linear fashion with the institution of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH). Our conclusion is that high blood vancomycin levels may be nephrotoxic and CAVH may be an effective means of vancomycin removal in patients with acute renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perinephric abscess: an unusual late infectious complication of renal biopsy.

Perinephric hematomas are common after percutaneous needle biopsy of the kidney and are usually clinically occult. Infectious complications in the absence of concomitant urinary tract infection, however, are unusual. A patient is reported who developed perinephric abscess (Streptococcus pneumoniae) at the site of a renal biopsy performed five years earlier. Wisdom tooth impaction and extraction occurred shortly after the biopsy. It is speculated that bacteremia of dental origin plus immunosuppressive therapy acted adjunctively to produce localization of infection in an area of previous trauma. Elective procedures that may induce transient bacteremia after percutaneous kidney biopsy may be hazardous and are best avoided. Antibiotic prophylaxis for such procedures should be considered.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Deterring sales and provision of alcohol to minors: a study of enforcement in 295 counties in four states.

The authors analyzed patterns of criminal and administrative enforcement of the legal minimum age for drinking across 295 counties in four States. Data on all arrests and other actions for liquor law violations from 1988 through 1990 were collected from the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reporting System, State Uniform Crime Reports, and State Alcohol Beverage Control Agencies. Analytic methods used include Spearman rank-order correlation, single-linkage cluster analysis, and multiple regression modeling. Results confirmed low rates of enforcement of the legal drinking age, particularly for actions against those who sell or provide alcohol to underage youth. More than a quarter of all counties examined had no Alcoholic Beverage Control Agency actions against retailers for sales of alcohol to minors during the three periods studied. Analyses indicate that 58 percent of the county-by-county variance in enforcement of the youth liquor law can be accounted by eight community characteristics. Rate of arrests for general minor crime was strongly related to rate of arrests for violations of the youth liquor law, while the number of law enforcement officers per population was not related to arrests for underage drinking. Raising the legal age for drinking to 21 years had substantial benefits in terms of reduced drinking and reduced automobile crashes among youths, despite low level of enforcement. Potential benefits of active enforcement of minimum drinking age statutes are substantial, particularly if efforts are focused on those who provide alcohol to youth.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Law officers' views on enforcement of the minimum drinking age: a four-state study.

Qualitative data on enforcement of the minimum drinking age in the United States were obtained through in depth interviews with law enforcement officers in May and June 1992. Interviews were conducted with 37 supervisory and line law enforcement personnel in 15 city and county law enforcement agencies in four States. The selected agencies had varying levels of enforcement as measured by arrest rates. Interviews focused on the social and political context of enforcement of the drinking age, constraints to enforcement, and officers' recommendations for improving enforcement efforts. Officers generally perceive an acceptance of youth drinking by many segments of their communities, and they do not receive significant encouragement from community members to increase enforcement efforts. Political factors are thought to play some role in determining enforcement levels, especially in sheriffs' departments. Reported constraints on enforcement of the minimum drinking age include resource limitations, a number of practical problems, perceptions that punishments are inadequate, time and effort required for processing and paperwork, and the low status accorded enforcement of the minimum drinking age. Officers report facing a number of evidentiary and procedural challenges. Officers suggested a number of ways in which enforcement of the minimum drinking age could be improved.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The cost and bother of intradialytic parenteral nutrition are not justified by available scientific studies.

Intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) has been advocated for the management of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients. The rationale for its use is that patients are unable to increase oral intake to meet their nutritional needs or that the oral route is not effective in managing malnutrition in this group of patients. However, numerous studies using IDPN have failed to demonstrate efficacy conclusively with this very costly mode of treatment. This article reviews the literature evaluating the use of IDPN in the maintenance of hemodialysis patients and makes recommendations regarding the usefulness of various strategies to correct malnutrition in this patient population.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Where and how adolescents obtain alcoholic beverages.

Patterns of acquisition of alcoholic beverages by underage youth were studied, using focus group methods with a sample of midwestern youth. Results showed that the alcohol initially used by those in their early teens is obtained from parents' stocks or from older siblings and friends. By the midteens, parties at which alcohol (usually beer) is readily available become the major source. In the mid to late teens, young people purchase alcohol from commercial alcohol outlets, despite the fact that 21 is the legal age for purchasing alcohol. Factors reported to increase the rate of successful alcohol purchases include female buyer, male seller, young seller, and convenience store outlet. Results of focus group interviews revealed the easy accessibility of alcoholic beverages to underage youth. Further investigation into patterns of underage access to alcohol is recommended, with results from the focus group study guiding the design of probability sample studies to assess their generalizability.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived and measured availability of tobacco to youths in 14 Minnesota communities: the TPOP Study. Tobacco Policy Options for Prevention.

INTRODUCTION: Availability of tobacco to young people is believed to be an important factor in the onset of tobacco use. We still do not have a complete picture of how tobacco is obtained by youths or how access can be curtailed. DESIGN: This article describes tobacco availability to youths in 14 communities that are part of a randomized trial, known as TPOP (Tobacco Policy Options for Prevention). The data reported here were obtained from student surveys and tobacco-purchase attempts by underage confederates. RESULTS: Students who have smoked at least once were likely to cite social sources for cigarettes. However, more than half of weekly smokers and almost one third of tenth-grade ever smokers reported purchasing cigarettes in the last 30 days. Tobacco-purchase attempts by confederate buyers at all outlets resulted in an overall success rate of 40.8%, lower than previously reported for urban communities. Fifty-five percent of the over-the-counter outlets had no self-service displays of tobacco at baseline. Store factors that predicted purchase success include tobacco location; purchase success was lower when all tobacco was locked or behind a service counter. The percentage of smokers who reported purchasing their own tobacco soon after starting to smoke was highest in towns where purchase success by teenage study confederates was highest. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that sources of cigarettes shift from social to commercial with age and that sources of cigarettes for rural youths may be different than for urban youths.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interaction between cyclosporine and grapefruit juice requires long-term ingestion in stable renal transplant recipients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of the concurrent administration of increasing amounts of grapefruit juice, an inhibitor of drug metabolism, on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine. DESIGN: Open-label, three-period crossover, food-drug interaction study in stable renal transplant patients. SETTING: A university-affiliated clinical research center. PATIENTS: Sixteen stable renal transplant recipients. INTERVENTION: Cyclosporine was administered with 240 ml of water, 240 ml of grapefruit juice, or several 240-ml glasses of grapefruit juice, and serial blood samples were taken to estimate the effect of grapefruit juice on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Grapefruit juice caused a significant increase in cyclosporine area under the curve, however, no significant effect was seen in other pharmacokinetic parameters. Grapefruit juice caused an increase in the 24-hour trough cyclosporine concentration, which may be of clinical significance if long-term ingestion of grapefruit juice is recommended. CONCLUSION: A drug interaction exists between cyclosporine and grapefruit juice, and it is likely at the level of intestinal drug absorption.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Replacement of amino acid and protein losses with 1.1% amino acid peritoneal dialysis solution.

OBJECTIVE: Losses of nutrients into dialysate may contribute to malnutrition. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are reported to lose 3-4 g/day of amino acids (AAs) and 4-15 g/day of proteins. The extent to which one exchange with a 1.1% AA dialysis solution (Nutrineal, Baxter, Deerfield, IL, U.S.A.) offsets these losses was investigated in a 3-day inpatient study in 20 PD patients. DESIGN: Simple, open-label, cross-over study on consecutive days in a clinical research unit. On day 1 all patients were given a peritoneal equilibration test (PET). On day 2 they received 1.5% dextrose Dianeal (Baxter) as the first exchange of the day and their usual regimen thereafter. On day 3, the first exchange of the day was the 1.1% AA solution in place of 1.5% Dianeal and the usual PD regimen thereafter. On days 2 and 3 all dialysate effluent was collected and analyzed for AAs and proteins. Patients were maintained on a constant diet. RESULTS: Losses of AAs and total proteins on day 2 were 3.4 +/- 0.9 g and 5.8 +/- 2.4 g, respectively, totaling 9.2 +/- 2.7 g. The net uptake of AAs on day 3 was 17.6 +/- 2.6 g (80 +/- 12% of the 22 g infused). Mean gains of AAs on day 3 exceeded losses of proteins and AAs on day 2, p < 0.001. Losses of total proteins, but not losses of AAs, and the net absorption of AAs from the dialysis solution were correlated directly with peritoneal membrane transport characteristics, obtained from the PET. CONCLUSION: Daily losses of AAs and proteins into dialysate are more than offset by gains of AAs absorbed from one exchange with 1.1% AA-based dialysis solution. Net gains of AAs exceeded losses of proteins and AAs in all patients studied. The difference was relatively constant across a wide range of membrane transport types. Net AA gains were approximately two times the total AA and protein losses.

Adult↗