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Biomedical subjects

M Winter

Publications and source records attributed to M Winter.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Structural and functional adaptation following jejunal resection in rabbits: effect of epidermal growth factor.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Remnant small intestine undergoes adaptation following massive resection. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on ileal adaptation following proximal resection. METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits, aged 8 weeks, underwent 2/3 proximal resection, and ileal mucosal adaptation was assessed 10 and 21 days postsurgery. In a second series of experiments, animals with resection received oral EGF (40 micrograms.kg-1.day-1) for 5 days, and the effect on adaptation was assessed 10 days postsurgery. RESULTS: Transection alone stimulated mucosal hyperplasia, intestinal sucrase specific activity, and glucose transport at 10 days but not at 21 days. Resection resulted in mucosal hyperplasia at both time periods and increased disaccharidase specific activity at 10 days postresection. In contrast, 3 O-methyl-D-glucose transport was significantly decreased compared with both groups at both time periods. EGF treatment in animals with resection did not alter mucosal proliferation but did stimulate maltase specific activity and caused a 3-4-fold increase in glucose transport and phlorizin binding. CONCLUSIONS: Following proximal resection, adaptation of intestinal digestive and absorptive function does not parallel mucosal hyperplasia. Administration of EGF to resected animals enhances glucose absorption and may have a therapeutic role in the management of short gut syndrome.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

Semantic and phonological priming in schizophrenia.

This study of 70 schizophrenic patients used a lexical decision task involving the recognition of words that were preceded (primed) either by meaningfully or phonologically associated or by nonassociated words to study the intrusion of contextually inappropriate associations in thought disorder (TD). The patients were split into subgroups of TD and non-TD patients, and the data from these two groups were compared with data from 44 normal control participants. TD schizophrenic patients exhibited more semantic priming than non-TD patients and controls, and differences in phonological priming dependent on stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) were obtained. Results support the hypotheses of an increase in activation or a decrease in inhibition in the spreading of semantic and phonological associations in TD schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effect of splenectomy on HIV-related thrombocytopenia and progression of HIV infection in patients with severe haemophilia.

Between May 1983 and September 1991 eleven patients with severe haemophilia underwent splenectomy for HIV-related thrombocytopenia. The sustained complete remission rate (platelets > 100 x 10(9)/l) was 82% over a mean follow-up period of 54 months. The group was compared with 22 age-matched non-thrombocytopenic HIV seropositive haemophiliacs who had not undergone splenectomy. Both groups had equivalent use of factor concentrate and there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of anti-retroviral treatment. Analysis of clinical progression of HIV infection and CD4 positive lymphocyte (CD4+) counts, for the time since splenectomy, revealed no significant difference in progression of HIV infection in the splenectomized group compared with the control group. It is concluded that splenectomy is an effective treatment for HIV-related thrombocytopenia and has no adverse effect on the progression of HIV infection.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1994

mtDNA and Y-chromosome polymorphisms in four Native American populations from southern Mexico.

mtDNA sequence variation was examined in 60 Native Americans (Mixtecs from the Alta, Mixtecs from the Baja, Valley Zapotecs, and Highland Mixe) from southern Mexico by PCR amplification and high-resolution restriction endonuclease analysis. Four groups of mtDNA haplotypes (haplogroups A, B, C, and D) characterize Amerind populations, but only three (haplogroups A, B, and C) were observed in these Mexican populations. The comparison of their mtDNA variation with that observed in other populations from Mexico and Central America permits a clear distinction among the different Middle American tribes and raises questions about some of their linguistic affiliations. The males of these population samples were also analyzed for Y-chromosome RFLPs with the probes 49a, 49f, and 12f2. This analysis suggests that certain Y-chromosome haplotypes were brought from Asia during the colonization of the Americas, and a differential gene flow was introduced into Native American populations from European males and females.

DNA, Mitochondrial↗
PubMed1993

The health status of women in Oaxaca: determinants and consequences.

Survey data from a sample of 575 women from the city of Oaxaca de Juárez, Mexico, are analyzed to ascertain the effect of the receipt of job-related benefits, including health benefits, on the self-reported health status of women, their rating of the health of the members of their household, and their satisfaction with the health of the members of their household. Health status depends on the woman's age, her socioeconomic status, and the number of children she has borne. Her rating of the health of the members of her household is related to her age, her socioeconomic status, and her rating of her own health. Satisfaction with the physical health of the members of the household is a function her health, her rating of the health of her household, her age, her socioeconomic status and the number of children she has borne. The overall conclusion is that, in this study, it is socioeconomic and demographic factors that are important in determining the woman's health status, rather than the receipt of job-related benefits. That she reports good health is an important factor in her view of her family's health and her satisfaction with her own health and that of her family.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A one-year evaluation of calcium channel blocker overdoses: toxicity and treatment.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the cardiovascular toxicity of calcium channel blockers and the efficacy of various treatments. DESIGN: Case series collected prospectively over one year. SETTING: Three regional poison control centers. TYPE OF PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty-nine hospitalized patients who had ingested a calcium channel blocker. INTERVENTIONS: Calcium, dopamine, atropine, isoproterenol, glucagon, and pacemakers. MAIN RESULTS: Hypotension, sinus node suppression, and dysrhythmias often occur with calcium channel blocker overdoses, but atrioventricular nodal block occurs more often with verapamil (chi 2 test, P < .025). Calcium was administered to 23 patients and was efficacious in reversing depression of cardiac conduction and increasing blood pressure. Dopamine was administered to ten patients and was efficacious in increasing blood pressure. Atropine was administered to eight patients, but only two had a positive response. CONCLUSION: Atrioventricular nodal depression is more common with verapamil overdoses. Calcium and dopamine are useful in treating toxicity from calcium channel blocker overdose, whereas atropine is sometimes useful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Semantic activation phenomena in healthy probands and in schizophrenic patients. Analysis on the level of word pairs].

Semantic priming in normal controls and schizophrenic patients can be demonstrated in lexical decision tasks. Data from such a lexical decision task are analyzed with special respect to the question as to whether associative processes in schizophrenic patients are characterized by the occurrence of entirely new associations or by the intrusion of normal associations, i.e., associations which can be found in normal subjects. The analysis of the semantic priming effects of single word pairs demonstrates little qualitative differences between the associations of normals and of schizophrenic patients. This finding provides further support for Maher's hypothesis of activated normal associations in schizophrenic patients. From a methodological perspective, the item-by-item analysis of lexical decision task data can be used to optimize this method.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The practical management of haemophilia.

Haemophilia is a rare and complex disorder and its successful management will depend upon the establishment of a network of 'comprehensive care' including the services of haematologists, orthopaedic surgeons, rheumatologists, dental surgeons, physiotherapists, specialised nurses and counsellors. One of the major lessons to be learned from the HIV epidemic in haemophilia is that it is critical to strive to obtain the safest and purest forms of blood products for these patients. The advent of clinically available recombinant factor VIII is expected soon; in the meantime there is a move towards treating all patients with high purity products.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1992

The role of T cells and the effect of hydrocortisone on interleukin-4-induced IgE synthesis by non-T cells.

The role of T cells for IL-4-induced IgE synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was investigated. The removal of monocytes from PBMC abolished IL-4-induced IgE synthesis. When PBMC were separated into T and non-T cells, non-T cells alone were not able to secrete significant amounts of IgE in the presence of IL-4. Depending on the separation procedure, the reconstitution of non-T cells with T cells prepared by rosetting did not restore IgE secretion, whereas T cells obtained by the use of anti-CD3 antibodies could co-induce IgE formation. However, when the T cells were first irradiated, large amounts of IgE were produced, which strongly exceeded those found in unseparated PBMC cultures. IL-4-induced IgE synthesis was also obtained in co-cultures of formaldehyde-fixed T cells with non-T cells. Furthermore, not only autologous but also allogeneic T cells, which have been irradiated or fixed, could provide the costimulatory effect on IgE formation by non-T cells in the presence of IL-4. Mitogenically pre-activated T cells, however, were not able to support IgE synthesis. Hydrocortisone (HC) potentiated the IL-4-induced IgE synthesis by PBMC and enabled non-T cells to secrete IgE in the presence of IL-4. Adding both HC and T cells led to a marked synergistic effect on IL-4-induced IgE production. We conclude that monocytes are required for the induction of IgE synthesis in PBMC in addition to T cells and IL-4. Our results support the view that the T cell signal is delivered via cognate and non-cognate T/B cell membrane interaction. Furthermore, active and proliferating T cells rather suppress IgE synthesis. Finally, HC appears to be a potent alternative stimulus, which bypasses the necessity for T cells in IL-4-induced IgE formation.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1992

Ten- to 14-year results of a ceramic hip prosthesis.

One hundred total hip arthroplasties with a cementless aluminum oxide socket and ball with different types of cemented metal femoral stems were performed from 1974 to 1979. All were primary implantations. These cases were recently reviewed in a ten- to 14-year follow-up evaluation. Despite extensive laboratory testing of the ceramic material, a significant number of cases resulted in a very unfavorable result such as extensive wear, ball fracture, or migration of the socket. Whereas the patients had died or could no longer be traced in the case of 23 prostheses, there were 25 prostheses that had already been exchanged at the time of review for mechanical reasons (two stem fractures, eight ceramic ball fractures) and for component loosening attributable to wear of the alumina components. The remaining 52 prostheses still in place had good clinical results in 80%. However, roentgenographic evaluation of these prostheses revealed signs of loosening in six femoral components and in three sockets. Migration of more than 5 mm was evident in 24 sockets (46% of surviving prostheses). Although this had caused loosening in only three sockets at the time of review, further migration up to the limits of the acetabular region would be a major reason for future failures.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Detection of protein C deficiency during oral anticoagulant therapy--use of the protein C:factor VII ratio.

Laboratory diagnosis of protein C deficiency is complicated by the fact that many patients referred for investigation are already being treated with oral anticoagulants. Protein C and factor VII have similar half lives and by using the protein C:factor VII ratio we hoped to be able to detect protein C deficiency in patients receiving oral anticoagulants. We have studied activity levels of protein C and factor VII to produce protein C:factor VII activity ratios in 105 patients receiving oral anticoagulants, 42 normal subjects, and nine patients with known inherited protein C deficiency. The mean ratios for these groups were 1.38, 1.12 and 0.63 respectively. In patients receiving oral anticoagulants, the protein C level showed a poor correlation with the international normalized ratio (INR) value. Reference ranges for protein C at different levels of anticoagulation were therefore considered unsuitable for the identification of inherited protein C deficiency. Five patients with inherited protein C deficiency were studied with and without oral anticoagulation; their protein C:factor VII ratios remained relatively unchanged, despite alterations in the level of the individual proteins. These results suggest that measurement of the protein C:factor VII ratio may help to identify patients with inherited protein C deficiency whilst on oral anticoagulants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Fluconazole for oropharyngeal candidiasis in anti-HIV positive haemophiliacs.

Candidiasis of the oropharynx and oesophagus is one of the most common problems encountered in patients with HIV disease. Fluconazole is a bis-triazole antifungal agent with a long serum half-life. Sixteen anti-HIV positive patients (15 haemophiliacs and one blood transfusion recipient) with a clinical diagnosis of oropharyngeal candidiasis were treated with 50 mg fluconazole daily for 14-28 days and then either 150 mg fluconazole or placebo weekly for 6 months in a prophylactic phase. Clinical cure occurred in all patients, and mycological cure occurred in 13/16 (81%) patients. In the prophylactic phase, there were 2/5 (40%) relapses in the placebo arm compared with 1/8 (12.5%) in the fluconazole arm, but this was not statistically significant by Fisher's one-sided exact test (P = 0.31). It is concluded that fluconazole is an effective treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis and has potential for prophylactic use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Platelet and coagulation studies in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Fifty-one patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were investigated for abnormalities of platelets and coagulation. Thirty-eight were examined prospectively and 13 retrospectively. A bleeding history was taken from all patients; only four (8%) gave no history of a bruising or bleeding tendency. Nine patients (18%) had significant haemostatic abnormalities of whom four (8%) had a platelet release defect, three (6%) had a factor XI deficiency and two (4%) had a factor XIII deficiency. Additionally 16 patients (31%) had mild abnormalities of uncertain significance of whom four (8%) had prolonged bleeding times (three in association with platelet aggregation abnormalities), 13 (26%) had platelet aggregation abnormalities and two had a positive Hess test. Twenty-four patients (47%) had normal tests for haemostasis of whom 20 (39%) had a bleeding diathesis and four (8%) had no such tendency. Results were analysed according to the type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, but there was no pattern to the abnormalities. The high frequency of a bleeding tendency in Ehlers-Danlos patients with normal tests for haemostasis (83%) supports the conventional explanation for this clinical feature, that defects in the structural integrity of skin and blood vessels lead to easy bruising.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Interleukin-4-induced IgG subclass and IgE secretion by mononuclear cells from atopic donors.

To investigate the effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on the secretion of IgG subclasses and IgE in atopic individuals, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 atopic and 10 normal donors were incubated with IL-4, and the production of IgE, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 was determined after a 14-day culture period. Like normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, atopic mononuclear cells were stimulated by IL-4 to secrete IgE and IgG4, but not the other IgG subclasses. This response was in the same quantitative ranges in both donor groups. Addition of interferon gamma to IL-4-containing cultures efficiently antagonized the IL-4-induced IgE and IgG4 secretion. These results do not support the hypothesis that an atopic condition is due to a discordant effect of IL-4 on IgE compared to IgG4 production or to an altered response to the potent antagonist interferon gamma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Migrants to and in Oaxaca City.

"This paper examines migration to Oaxaca City, an intermediate city in southern Mexico, and describes the differences between migrants and non-migrants. The data show that migrants to Oaxaca City tend to come from district capitals rather than more rural municipios. Once in Oaxaca, migrants are not as different from non-migrants as is commonly asserted in the literature."

Americas↗