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Biomedical subjects

M Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to M Wilson.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Zinc in selected hospital diets. Comparison of analysis vs. calculation.

Sample hospital meals for breakfast and the noon and evening meals for regular, ovo-lacto-vegetarian, and renal diets were collected for seven consecutive days. The daily zinc content of each diet was determined, using atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis and by calculation, using the USDA provisional tables on the zinc content of individual foods. The data indicated that the provisional tables provide a reasonable estimation of zinc content of regular or renal diets with errors approximately 10%. However, a 35% overestimation occurred for vegetarian diets. A major cause of error between assayed and calculated values was probably due to substituting items not included in the tables. The mean zinc content for the regular diet, as offered, was 97% of the adult recommended allowance for zinc, while the vegetarian diet provided 81% of the allowance. The average renal diet contained 49% of the allowance. Certain types of vegetarian and low-protein diets may be inadequate in total and/or available zinc. Also important in evaluating hospital diets for adequacy of zinc are the actual intake and the condition of the patient.

Diet, Sodium-Restricted↗
PubMed1975

Sodium restriction and thiazide diuretics in the treatment of hypertension.

In a group of hypertensive patients it has been shown that moderate sodium chloride restriction has a hypotensive effect that is similar to that produced by thiazide diuretics. Blood pressure changed in relation to body weight in individual patients, and appeared to correlate with their sodium balance. The more a patient was depleted of sodium, the lower was the blood pressure. The serum potassium level fell with the use of thiazide diuretics, but in this group of patients there was little change in total body potassium content. The fall in serum potassium level appeared to relate to a shift into the cells due to the accompanying alkalosis. Potassium supplementation appeared to have had little effect and was unnecessary for most patients who were given diuretics for hypertension. Amiloride corrected the alkalosis and restored the serum potassium level to normal.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1975

Effects on the liver in the rat of ingestion of Indigofera spicata, a legume containing an inhibitor of arginine metabolism.

The non-protein amino acid indospicine, which occurs in the free state in high concentration in the tropical pasture legume Indigofera spicata, causes toxic liver lesions in ruminants. Indospicine is a specific antagonist of arginine and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. The liver lesion was studied in rats at four dose levels by feeding diets containing 96, 48, 24 and 15 per cent. of the seed. The too higher levels caused death of most animals in 2-6 wk. Females were more susceptible than males. The rats fed the 24 per cent. seed diet developed a nodular cirrhosis by 6 wk and survived up to 18 wk. The rats fed the 15 per cent. seed diet developed cirrhosis at 16 wk and survived up to 28 wk. Prior to the onset of cirrhosis the liver showed a characteristic lesion consisting of hepatomegaly, periportal fatty change, portal cellularity due to proliferation of ovoid and cuboidal duct cells, gross enlargement of the hepatocyte cytoplasm nuclei and nucleoli in spite of brisk mitotic activity, and focal centrilobular necrosis. The lesion was interpreted as a restricted hepatic response to a growth stimulus, possibly the mobilisation of tissue amino acids. Improvement occurred in the rats fed the two lower dosage levels after nodular cirrhosis developed, producing a new parenchyma. An attempt is made to relate the lesions to the biochemical derangement induced by a specific amino acid antagonist.

Amino Acids, Diamino↗
PubMed1975

Nyctohemeral and sex-related variations in plasma thyrotropin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

TSH, T4, and T3 were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma samples obtained from 77 young adult male and 114 female rats fed a Purina high-iodine diet and maintained in an isolated room, 2-4/cage, at 24 +/- 1 C with light from 0600-1800 h. In one experiment, 7 male and 7 female rats were decapitated every 3 h for 30 consecutive h and trunk blood was collected. There was a clear nyctohemeral rhythm of plasma TSH in both sexes characterized by a zenith at 1200 h and a nadir between 1800 and 2100 h. The plasma TSH cycle was approximately 180 degrees out of phase and negatively correlated (P less than .05) with that of plasma corticosterone (B) in both sexes. Although glucocorticoids have been reported to suppress TSH secretion, there was no causal relationship between plasma B and TSH in our experiments since the TSH cycles were normal in chronically adrenalectomized rats. Normal TSH cyclicity was not observed in severely iodine-deficient rats with extremely high plasma TSH levels although the nyctohemeral B rhythm was normal. Plasma TSH was approximately twice as high in males as in females (overall mean +/- SE: M = 149 +/- 11, F = 81 +/- 7 muU/ml, p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in plasma TSH at different stages of the estrous cycle. Plasma T4 was slightly, but significantly, higher in males than females (overall mean +/- SE: M = 6.4 +/- 0.1, F = 6.0 +/- 0.1 mug/100 ml; P less than 0.001), while T3 was higher in females than in males (overall mean +/- SE: M = 69.5 +/- 1.7, F = 80.3 +/- 2.1 ng/100 ml; P less than 0.001). No significant nyctohemeral rhythm was observed in plasma T4 or T3 in either sex. These observations indicate that: 1) There is a nyctohemeral rhythm of plasma TSH which is independent of plasma B fluctuations and not associated with proportional changes in plasma thyroid hormones. 2) A sustained high rate of TSH secretion abolishes the normal nyctohemeral plasma TSH rhythm. 3) There are significant differences in plasma concentrations of TSH, T4, and T3 between male and female rats.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the complement fixation, indirect immunofluorescence, and indirect hemagglutination tests for malaria.

The complement fixation (CF), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and indirect hemagglutination (IHA)tests for malaria were compared by using sera from U.S. citizens with either natural infections or heroin-associated, needle-induced infections. In natural Plasmodium vivax infections, the CF, IIF, and IHA tests apparently detect malarial antibodies equally efficiently for the first 2 months after the onset of symptoms, but the titers obtained by CF and IIF rapidly decline within a year, while the IHA titers remain elevated. In the sera from heroin addicts who developed needle-induced P. vivax infections, sensitivities of all three tests were decreased: the IIF and IHA tests each detected 83%, but the CF test detected only 57.1%. False-positive reactions with this group were very high for the CF (76.6%) and IHA (15.9%) tests, but only 2% for IIF.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1974

Carcinoid myopathy and treatment with cyproheptadine (Periactin).

A case of the carcinoid syndrome associated with a proximal myopathy is reported. Histology showed advanced atrophy of type II muscle fibres but no inflammation. Perinuclear acid phosphatase was increased. Electron microscopy revealed persistence of the Z-line until the muscle fibre had been severely disrupted. Similar lesions have been observed in the hereditary muscular dystrophy in mice, and also in these animals and in rats when injected with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Treatment with cyproheptadine caused a documented response in the patient's debilitating diarrhoea and also produced symptomatic improvement in her muscular power. We suggest that the myopathy is due to circulating 5-HT or is a non-metastatic complication of the carcinoid tumour.

Acid Phosphatase↗