Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to M Wilson.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis in elderly patients at high risk for surgery.

Six elderly patients had percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty for severe, symptomatic calcific aortic stenosis because valve replacement surgery was considered too risky in five patients with severe coexisting cardiac or other medical problems and because one patient refused to have surgery. The procedure resulted in a significant reduction in the mean (+/-SD) aortic valve gradient, from 47 +/- 13 to 32 +/- 12 mm Hg (change, -32%, p less than 0.01), and a significant increase in the mean area of the aortic valve, from 0.64 +/- 0.12 to 0.90 +/- 0.17 cm2 (change, +40%, p less than 0.001). Blood loss from the femoral puncture site was the only major procedural complication. At a mean follow-up of 2 months after the procedure, all patients were alive and dyspnea had improved by two New York Heart Association functional classes in four patients and by one functional class in two patients. A significant short-term increase in aortic valve area and alleviation in symptoms can be achieved safely by percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty in elderly patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis who are at high risk for surgical complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Interleukin-1-like activity in capsular material from Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans.

This paper describes the activity of a bacterial surface component (capsular material, CM) in biological assays for interleukin-1 (IL-1). CM from the periodontal pathogen Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans was tested in the following in vitro assays: mouse thymocyte proliferation (LAF assay), stimulation of collagenase and prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis by articular chondrocytes, and stimulation of PGE2 synthesis by fibroblasts. In all these assays, CM gave a response similar to an IL-1 preparation. This ability to mimic IL-1 suggests an important role for CM in both cell-mediated immunity and connective tissue destruction in localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The sensitivity of radionuclide and thermodilution techniques to detect cardiac dysfunction in the baboon model during prolonged anaesthesia.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the fluctuations of cardiac parameters in a baboon model during pentobarbitone anaesthesia which will serve as a baseline control for shock studies. Thermodilution and radionuclide methods were used to determine cardiac parameters. Radionuclide studies were repeated without any cardiac catheters to assess the effect of these on cardiac performance. The results represent baseline fluctuations in cardiac parameters against which cardiac dysfunction can be diagnosed in shock studies. The results also indicate that cardiac catheterisation does not affect cardiac performance significantly.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1987

Elimination.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Defecation↗
PubMed1986

Prevalence of lumbar disc degeneration observed by magnetic resonance in symptomless women.

302 women aged 16-80 without symptoms of spinal disease had their lumbar intervertebral discs examined by magnetic resonance. The prevalence of one or more degenerate discs increased linearly with age but disc degeneration was already present in over one-third of women aged 21-40; these young women may prove to be at special risk of disc prolapse later in life. The high prevalence of symptomless disc degeneration must be taken into account when magnetic resonance is used for assessment of spinal symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Serum IgG antibodies to lipopolysaccharides in various forms of periodontal disease in man.

Serum IgG antibody titres to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from two strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were significantly elevated in juvenile periodontitis compared with other types of periodontal disease and with controls (p less than 0.05). The highest antibody titres to Bacteroides gingivalis LPS were in juvenile periodontitis, but this difference was significant only against the control group (p less than 0.01). In adult mild periodontitis there were higher antibody levels to LPS from Veillonella parvula compared with all other groups and controls (p less than 0.05). The possibility that high antibody titres to LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans may play a protective role in juvenile periodontitis needs further investigation.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1986

Safety and immunogenicity of bovine rotavirus vaccine RIT 4237 in 3-month-old infants.

To assess the safety and immunogenicity of bovine rotavirus vaccine, we administered attenuated strain RIT 4237 to 54 inner-city infants randomized to one of three groups in a double-blind fashion to receive a dose at 3 and 5 months of age of either placebo, vaccine virus at 10(7) TCID50/ml, or vaccine virus at 10(8) TCID50/ml. Vaccination began in early fall 1984, and continued through spring 1985. Forty-nine infants received one dose of vaccine or placebo; 43 received both doses of vaccine or placebo. At 2 and 3 months after vaccination, homologous geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers were significantly higher in children who received either dose of vaccine compared with placebo recipients. Cumulative seroconversion to bovine rotavirus after either dose of vaccine virus was 87% at 6 months of age. Seroconversion was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in both vaccine groups compared with the placebo group. No ill effects were associated with vaccine administration. RIT 4237 vaccine appears to be safe and immunogenic when administered to young infants living in the United States.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Molecular epidemiology of cytomegalovirus in a nursery: lack of evidence for nosocomial transmission.

During a 3-year period, cytomegalovirus (CMV) was recovered from the urine of 35 hospitalized newborn infants (15 with congenital and 20 with acquired infections). Two of the infants with acquired infections lacked maternal antibody to CMV (seronegative) and received transfusions from multiple seropositive blood donors. After seronegative blood products were used exclusively for seronegative low birth weight (less than 1300 gm) infants, none of 154 seronegative infants acquired CMV. CMV was recovered from one seronegative nurse who became infected during the study period. EcoRl digestion of the DNA of the nurse's isolate and of 34 of the 35 infant isolates revealed that no two were identical. LBW seropositive infants were randomized to receive either seronegative blood products or blood products from random donors; there was no significant difference in the number of acquired CMV infections. There were no deaths among 18 infants with acquired CMV infection. Hepatosplenomegaly and worsening bronchopulmonary dysplasia developed in one LBW infant. These results prove that nosocomial transmission of CMV did not occur frequently during the 3-year period.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis by capsular material from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

Cytotoxic effects of bacteria found in dental plaque are usually attributed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or ill-defined toxins. Many bacteria implicated in periodontal disease produce surface exopolymers (capsules) recently shown to stimulate bone resorption. Capsular material and LPS extracted from Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans were purified and examined for their effects on cultures of human gingival fibroblasts. DNA and collagen synthesis were significantly inhibited by capsular material (0.1-50 micrograms/ml). LPS caused only modest inhibition of DNA synthesis at 10 and 50 micrograms/ml, and had no effect on collagen synthesis. Release of lactate dehydrogenase from fibroblasts was not increased by LPS nor by capsular material, showing that the inhibitory effects were not due to cell death. Capsular material, but not LPS, caused a pronounced increase in cell size; a doubling of the nuclear area occurred within 72 h exposure. These results indicate that the capsule of A. actinomycetemcomitans may play an active role in the tissue destruction characterising inflammatory periodontal disease.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1986

Hyperbaric oxygenation and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in multiple sclerosis patients.

Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were measured in 18 patients with clinically definite MS, and results compared with those from neurological controls. These studies indicated that glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes of MS patients was not different from that of the neurological controls. However, superoxide dismutase was lower in the MS patients compared to neurological controls. The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on these erythrocyte enzymes in MS patient's was also investigated. Exposure of MS patients to 2 ata with either 10% O2 or 100% O2 had no effect on glutathione peroxidase activity. Comparison of each individual MS patient's pre- and post-treatment superoxide dismutase values indicated a significant increase after 100% O2. Similar examination of each individual's catalase activity indicated an increase after exposure to both 10% O2 and 100% O2 at 2 ata. These data suggest that erythrocyte enzyme response to oxygen stress does not involve changes in activity of all the antioxidant enzymes. Instead, only specific enzymes appear to be affected by HBO.

Adult↗