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Biomedical subjects

M Williams

Publications and source records attributed to M Williams.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Disorders of the adrenal gland.

Disorders of the adrenal gland include pheochromocytomas and Cushing's disease. These conditions can be life-threatening and often require surgery. This article deals with the types of surgeries and subsequent problems, including Addisonian crisis.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1997

Mental health. Careering around.

An orientation exercise provided a structured, supervised induction for practice based community psychiatric nurses. The exercise also provided community perspectives on need. The same process could be used for other new primary healthcare workers.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1997

Quality in theatre care: a critical analysis.

It is difficult to apply a universal definition to 'quality' and what constitutes 'quality' in nursing practice. This article examines quality care in operating theatres by reflecting on two critical incidents. The incidents are then analysed to elicit quality issues arising from them.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

The other victims.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

Disruption of the varicella-zoster virus dUTPase and the adjacent ORF9A gene results in impaired growth and reduced syncytia formation in vitro.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 8 (ORF8) is predicted to encode the viral dUTPase and the adjacent gene, ORF9A, is thought to encode a membrane protein homologous to HSV-1 UL49.5. A fusion protein, in which the amino portion of glutathione-S-transferase was fused to amino acids 5 to 396 of VZV ORF8 protein, had dUTPase activity in vitro. Construction of a mutant VZV with stop codons or a deletion in the ORF8 gene resulted in loss of viral dUTPase activity. Antibody to VZV ORF9A protein demonstrated a 7-kDa protein located in the membranes of virus-infected cells. Insertion of stop codons into VZV ORF9A resulted in VZV that produced smaller plaques than parental virus. Inactivation of both VZV ORF8 and ORF9A resulted in a virus that grew to lower titers and was impaired for syncytia formation when compared to parental virus. In contrast, a similar mutation in HSV-1 has no effect on growth of the virus in vitro. These results identify loci in the VZV genome that are required for a syncytial phenotype in vitro.

Gene Deletion↗
PubMed1997

A multisite study of sexual orientation and injection drug use as predictors of HIV serostatus in out-of-treatment male drug users.

The risk groups of men who have sex with men and injection drug users (IDUs) together account for 90% of all male AIDS cases. The extent to which each risk behavior contributes to seroprevalence among IDUs has not been determined and is critical for intervention development. Analysis of data on sexual orientation, injection drug use, and HIV serostatus was undertaken in a multisite study of 3002 male drug injectors and crack smokers recruited for HIV prevention projects. Overall HIV seroprevalence was 8.4%; 57.1% for gay men, 25.4% for bisexual men, and 7.4% for heterosexuals (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analyses indicated being gay (OR = 24.08) and coming from an area where seroprevalence is high among IDUs (OR = 4.07) were the best predictors of serostatus. Ever having injected was significant only in interaction with moderate (OR = 3.09) or high (OR = 4.71) IDU seroprevalence areas. Among this multisite sample of drug users, being a gay drug user is the strongest predictor of serostatus. Drug injection is significant only in areas of moderate or high seroprevalence among injectors. This indicates the importance of targeted outreach and intervention efforts.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

How to do it. Run a preparation course for postgraduate examinations.

This paper provides a practical guide to running preparation courses for postgraduate examinations and is based on the authors' experience. It is intended to be useful to organisers of proposed or existing courses as well as to potential users of courses--people in every specialty preparing for a postgraduate examination. The paper covers the practical aspects of staging and financing a course and recruiting tutors and attracting candidates, in addition to covering the structure, educational content, and evaluation of the course.

Capital Financing↗
PubMed1997

Structure-activity studies on 2-methyl-3-(2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy) pyridine (ABT-089): an orally bioavailable 3-pyridyl ether nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand with cognition-enhancing properties.

2-Methyl-3-(2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine, ABT-089 (S-4), a member of the 3-pyridyl ether class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands, shows positive effects in rodent and primate models of cognitive enhancement and a rodent model of anxiolytic activity and possesses a reduced propensity to activate peripheral ganglionic type receptors. The profiles of S-4, its N-methyl analogue, and the corresponding enantiomers across several measures of cholinergic channel function in vitro and in vivo are presented, together with in vitro metabolism and in vivo bioavailability data. On the basis of its biological activities and favorable oral bioavailability, S-4 is an attractive candidate for further evaluation as a treatment for cognitive disorders.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Influence of delayed injection time on the creep behavior of acrylic bone cement.

It has been proposed that creep of acrylic bone cement may contribute to loosening of cemented total joint replacements. If true, it is important that factors affecting creep of bone cement are identified. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an operator-controlled variable, injection time, on the creep behavior of acrylic bone cement. Results from this investigation showed that injection time significantly (p < 0.0001) influenced creep behavior of bone cement. "Delayed" injection time of acrylic bone cement increased creep by approximately 5 times in 24 h compared to specimens prepared according to standard injection procedures.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1997

Associations among cystoscopic and urodynamic findings for women enrolled in the Interstitial Cystitis Data Base (ICDB) Study.

OBJECTIVES: Interstitial cystitis is a symptom complex characterized by pelvic pain, urinary urgency, urinary frequency, and nocturia. Patients with these symptoms, at the 5 clinical centers participating in the National Interstitial Cystitis Data Base (ICDB) Study, have been evaluated with history and physical exams, questionnaires, and urodynamic studies. METHODS: Of the 388 female subjects entered in the study as of December 31, 1995, 150 women have undergone cystoscopy with hydrodistension. The data from the endoscopic procedures and the urodynamic studies were analyzed. The associations among cystoscopic and urodynamic findings were reviewed. RESULTS: Patient demographics of this subgroup show a predominance of Caucasians 139/150 (92.7%), with the average age being 43 (+/-13.2) years. Of the total, 17 patients (11.3%) had a Hunner's patch (HP). The prevalence by center varied from a low of 2/38 (5.3%) to a high of 3/9 (33.3%). Bloody effluent following hydrodistension was present in 113/150 (75.3%). Glomerulations appeared in varying degrees (mild, moderate, severe) in 91.3% of the 150 patients. There was a strong inverse relationship (P < 0.001) between bladder capacity under anesthesia and the presence of a HP (mean of 845 cc with HP absent versus a mean of 531 cc when present). The incidence of HP varied from 67.6% among women with a bladder capacity at hydrodistension of < 400 cc to 3.8% for those with a bladder capacity of at least 800 cc. The presence and increasing severity of glomerulations was positively associated (P < 0.003) with the presence of HP, ranging from 0/13 (0%) when glomerulations were not present to 6/31 (19.4%) when glomerulations were graded as severe. Of the patients with HP, 17/17 (100%) had glomerulations after hydrodistension. HP is more closely associated with the moderate to severe range of glomerulations (P < 0.01). Nearly half of the patients with HP or 8/17 (47.1%) had "moderate" glomerulations, while 6/17 (35.3%) had "severe" glomerulations. The volume at first sensation to void on urodynamics (mean 87 cc without HP versus 34.7 cc with HP) was highly inversely associated (P = 0.002) with the presence of HP, but not with any of the other cystoscopic findings. Of patients with HP, 94% had a volume at first sensation to void of < or = 50 cc where only 36% of patients without HP had a volume at first sensation to void of < or = 50 cc. The volume at maximum capacity on urodynamics was positively associated with the volume at hydrodistension (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, patients with HP had lower bladder capacities, lower volumes at first sensation to void, and more severe glomerulations. Thus, the presence of HP would imply a more severe case of interstitial cystitis. Logically, a higher bladder capacity on cystometrogram is associated with a higher volume at the time of hydrodistension, and bloody effluent is associated with more severe glomerulations.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The professional carers' group: supporting group work for young sexual abusers.

OBJECTIVE: A centralized treatment project, for young people who have sexually abused others, describes how group-based work with potentially isolated local professionals may help a treatment program to maintain a systemic perspective. METHOD: The paper reviews relevant literature and outlines the context, format and goals of a Professional Carers' Group. RESULTS: Recurring themes, observed during the 30-week treatment programs, are subjected to clinical analysis. Two key areas are discussed: (1) cognitive-emotional processing of common reactions to work with sexual abuse; and (2) inter-professional communication to balance the requirements of child protection and therapy. CONCLUSION: Concurrent work with local professional networks may promote the clinical effectiveness of a treatment program for young perpetrators of sexual abuse. A Professional Carers' Group is one relatively low-cost approach which may help to integrate the work of a central treatment facility with that of distant, community-based, agencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The electrocardiogram predicts one-year outcome of patients with unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction: results of the TIMI III Registry ECG Ancillary Study. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Ischemia.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the prognostic value of the admission electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction (MI). BACKGROUND: Although the ECG is the most widely used test for evaluating patients with unstable angina and non-Q wave MI, little prospective information is available on its value in predicting outcome in the current era of aggressive medical and interventional therapy. METHODS: ECGs with the qualifying episode of pain were analyzed in patients enrolled in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI) III Registry, a prospective study of patients admitted to the hospital with unstable angina or non-Q wave MI. RESULTS: New ST segment deviation > or = 1 mm was present in 14.3% of 1,416 enrolled patients, isolated T wave inversion in 21.9% and left bundle branch block (LBBB) in 9.0%. By 1-year follow-up, death or MI occurred in 11% of patients with > or = 1 mm ST segment deviation compared with 6.8% of patients with new, isolated T wave inversion and 8.2% of those with no ECG changes (p < 0.001 when comparing ST with no ST segment deviation). Two other high risk groups were identified: those with only 0.5-mm ST segment deviation and those with LBBB, whose rates of death or MI by 1 year were 16.3% and 22.9%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, ST segment deviation of either > or = 1 mm or > or = 0.5 mm remained independent predictors of death or MI by 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The admission ECG is very useful in risk stratifying patients with non-Q wave MI. The new criteria of not only > or = 1-mm ST segment deviation but also > or = 0.5-mm ST segment deviation or LBBB identify high risk patients, whereas T wave inversion does not add to the clinical history in predicting outcome.

Aged↗