Biomedical subjects
M Wilkinson
Publications and source records attributed to M Wilkinson.
Radioligand-binding studies on the interaction of sex steroids with hypothalamic adrenergic receptors [proceedings].
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Paget's disease of bone and hyperparathyroidism: coincidence or causal relationship?
We studied 173 patients with Paget's disease and 105 patients with hyperparathyroidism. Nine patients were found to have both disorders.
Effects of oestrogen and progesterone on rat pineal N-acetyl transferase activity and melatonin production.
We have extended previous studies on pineal beta-receptors to include effects of oestradiol or PMSG treatment in the immature female rat. Neither manipulation has any effect on norepinephrine-induced N-acetyl transferase (NAT) activity in vitro. In the adult ovariectomised rat oestrogen/progesterone priming exerts a small sensitising effect to beta-stimulation with isoproterenol. Progesterone alone, in vitro, inhibits the release of melatonin from pineals of adult ovariectomised rats.
The sensitivity of pineal gland beta-receptors appears to be dependent upon calcium ions.
Rat pineals were used in vitro to demonstrate that calcium antagonists induce a hyposensitive response to stimulation of serotonin N-acetyl transferase (NAT) by the beta-agonist isoproterenol or by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Mn2+, Co2+ and La3+ at 10(-3)M all significantly reduce the effects of isoproterenol stimulation. In addition, the two enantiomers of D600 also inhibit NAT induction, the D-form slightly more effectively than the L-form. Interestingly, La3+ is also able to inhibit NAT after DBcAMP, indicating that Ca2+ can also control enzyme induction at an intracellular site beyond the beta-receptor.
Pharmacological and physiological correlates of variable receptor sensitivity.
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The outcome of pregnancy in women suffering from migraine.
The reproductive histories of 777 women suffering from migraine were compared with 182 non-migrainous women. The incidence of miscarriage, stillbirth and toxaemia of pregnancy was very similar in both groups and there was no increase in the number of congenital malformations in the children born to women who suffered from migraine compared with the control group or with the national average. It was concluded that women suffering from migraine did not have an increased risk of giving birth to children with deformity and it was unlikely that drugs most commonly used in the treatment of migraine were teratogenic.
An increase in number of brain adrenergic receptors during precocious puberty in the immature female rat [proceedings].
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Observations on the treatment of an acute attack of migraine.
In 1976, 310 patients attended the Princess Margaret Clinic for treatment of an acute headache. 90% were either symptom-free or had only slight residual headache after 4 h. The treatment given was metaclopramide and an effervescent analgesic. 69% of patients had some form of sedation and 10% ergotamine tartrate. Those patients who had treatment between 6 and 12 h following the onset of an attack had significantly fewer attacks in the next 7 days. Patients who slept during an attack, with a sedative where indicated, recovered more quickly than those who did not sleep. The depth of sleep did not affect the rate of recovery. A higher percentage of patients with migraine compared with those with tension headache were either symptom-free or had only slight residual headache on leaving.
Radioimmunoassayable melatonin in various species [proceedings].
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Migraine. Coping with acute attacks.
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Transitory decrease in platelet monoamine-oxidase activity during migraine attacks.
A highly significant decrease in platelet monoamine-oxidase activity has been observed in migrainous subjects during a migraine attack compared with activity outside an attack. The effect did not derive from drugs commonly used in migraine therapy.
Determination of a dark-induced increase of pineal N-acetyl transferase activity and simultaneous radioimmunoassay of melatonin in pineal, serum and pituitary tissue of the male rat.
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In-vitro studies of the effects of oestrogen pretreatment on the sensitivity of the immature female rat pituitary gland to stimulation with gonadotrophin releasing hormone.
The effects of oestrogen priming on the sensitivity of the anterior pituitary gland to stimulation with gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) was investigated in immature female rats using a new organ culture technique. Hemipituitary glands obtained from animals primed with a single dose of oestradiol benzoate (OB; 20 microgram/100 g body weight) released significantly more LH when pulsed with GnRH (4 nmol/1) than did control hemipituitary glands. This potentiating effect was detectable as early as 5 days after birth. After a second stimulation, LH secretion remained high. These results were compared with those obtained from animals treated to induce increased levels of endogenous oestrogen on day 26 of life. Thus, hemipituitary glands were obtained from animals given two injections of OB, an injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or a unilateral brain lesion placed in the basal hypothalamus. Pituitary tissue was stimulated as before with a pulse of GnRH. Two injections of OB enhanced the sensitivity to stimulation. Conversely, both PMSG and lesion treatment severely reduced the sensitivity to GnRH, although PMSG-treated and lesioned animals have been used as models for the study of ovulation.
Anterior pituitary sensitivity in immature female rats stimulated with gonadotrophin releasing hormone in vivo: effect of priming with oestrogen, pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin or brain lesion.
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Four score and ten (Maude Wilkinson).
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Four score and ten: part three.
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[The use of drugs in migraine].
Drugs may be given either for treatment of the acute attack or as prophylaxis. Those most commonly used for the acute attack are analgesics, anti-emetics and ergotamine tartrate. A recent work (Volans, 1974) has shown that absorption may be impaired during a migraine attack. It is important therefore that not only is the analgesic given in an easily absorbed form but that a drug such as metaclopromide should be given to help restore the normal activity of the gastro-intestinal tract. Patients having one or more attacks of migraine a week may need prophylactic treatment. The drugs now used include: Methysergide, should only be used for severe cases when no other treatment has been found helpful. Dihydroergotamine, the vasoconstrictor activity is less than in ergotamine tartrate and can therefore be used prophylactically. Pizotifen, possesses powerful anti-serotonin properties. It also has marked antihistamine and antitryptamine properties as well as being a central sedative and anti-depressant. Clonidine, in doses of 1 mugm/Kg renders the blood vessels less sensitive to circulating amines and seems to be effective in about one third of patients with classical or common migraine. Sympathetic Blocking Agents: alpha-blockers: indoramine has recently given some good results; beta-blockers: such as propanolol and pindolol have also been used. Full trials of all the substances are now in progress. Tranquilisers and anti-depressants, two of those commonly used are diazepam and amitryptiline. In either cases a small dose only should be used. Anticonvulsants, phenytoin in doses of 50-100 mgs per day is sometimes helpful particularly in children or in those who have abnormal electroencephalograms.