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Biomedical subjects

M Wienbeck

Publications and source records attributed to M Wienbeck.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Intestinal motor activity in experimental hyperthyroidism in conscious dogs.

The small intestinal motor effects of experimental hyperthyroidism were studied in 8 conscious dogs to reveal possible mechanisms of accelerated small bowel transit in hyperthyroidism. Six strain gauge transducers were implanted on the small intestine of each dog. Long-term hyperthyroidism was induced by subcutaneous administration of 100 and 200 micrograms/kg.day of thyroxin. Application of thyroxin did not interrupt the cyclic fasting motor activity. Thyroxin (100 micrograms/kg.day) caused a slight increase in the period of the migrating motor complex (p less than 0.05). The maximum contractile frequency rose dose-dependently up to 11% (p less than 0.05). During phase 2 and the digestive state the contraction frequency increased up to 29% and 27%, respectively (p less than 0.05). More contractions occurred in groups during the digestive state in hyperthyroidism. Half of the dogs showed giant migrating contractions during thyroxin administration, whereas those contractions were not observed during the control period. We conclude that fasted and postprandial intestinal motility is changed in experimental hyperthyroidism. Acceleration of small bowel transit may be caused by changes in contractile pattern of phase 2 and the digestive state or by the increased frequency of giant migrating contractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Repeated noninvasive measurement of gastrointestinal transit in rats.

A technique for repeated and noninvasive measurement of oro-cecal transit time in rats and other small animals is described. It is based on the incomplete digestion of carbohydrates such as lactose fed orally to the animals. Since the activity of the enzyme lactase is low in almost all species, lactose is fermented by colonic bacteria after it arrived in the cecum, thus producing hydrogen. Hydrogen is delivered to the lungs via the circulation and exhaled by the animal. An increase in breath hydrogen measured by means of an electrochemical cell or a gas-chromatograph indicates the arrival of the nutrient bolus in the cecum. The method can be used repeatedly in individual animals under various experimental conditions such as investigations of stress effects on gastrointestinal transit.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effect of cisapride on defaecation in normal human subjects--lack of effect on faecal excretion of water, fat, and bile acids.

In order to elucidate whether or not the increased stool frequency that occurs during cisapride treatment is a result of malabsorption of water, fat, and bile acids, 12 healthy volunteers were dosed with either tablets of placebo q.d.s. or tablets of 10 mg cisapride q.d.s. during two periods of 5 days in a double-blind, crossover study. Stool frequency, stool consistency, and side-effects were recorded each day. Total faecal mass, faecal water content, and faecal excretion of fat and bile acids were determined during the last 72 h of each study period. Mean daily stool frequency was 18.8% higher during cisapride [1.68 +/- 0.12 (S.E.M.)] administration than during placebo (1.42 +/- 0.12); P = 0.038. The stool consistency score increased by 11.8% towards softer stools during cisapride dosing (N.S.). There were no significant differences in total faecal mass (placebo 399.4 g/72 h; cisapride; 414.5 g/72 h), faecal water content (placebo; 75.6%: cisapride 76.2%), or faecal excretion of fat (placebo; 12.7 g/72 h: cisapride; 11.6 g/72 h) and total bile acids (placebo; 2212 mumol/72 h: cisapride; 2261 mumol/72 h). The side-effects reported during placebo were constipation (n = 3), and during cisapride meteorism (n = 4) and increased appetite (n = 2). The increased stool frequency during cisapride treatment is not caused by malabsorption of water, fat, or bile acids, but seems to be the consequence of a direct motor effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Stress effects on gastrointestinal transit in the rat.

Previous investigations of stress effects on gastric emptying, orocaecal, and colonic transit in rats have produced conflicting results. Here one type of stressor, a 'passive avoidance' situation, was used to investigate its effects on gastric emptying, orocaecal and colonic transit. After the rats had been trained to eat a standard amount of semisolid food, gastric emptying was determined (n = 12) by the food remaining in the stomach after various periods of rest, or stress exposure. Orocaecal transit (n = 14) was determined by breath hydrogen measurements after the food had been labelled with 1 g lactose. Colonic transit (n = 18) was measured as the arrival time of coloured faeces after infusion of a carmine red solution into the caecum through a chronically implanted catheter. The stressor had differential effects on transit through the stomach, small bowel and colon: gastric emptying was delayed (p less than 0.05) after stress (t1/2 = 2.66 h after stress, 1.97 h at rest). Orocaecal transit was accelerated (p less than 0.05) after stress; transit time decreased from 124.3 min at rest to 86.2 min after stress. Colonic transit was accelerated (p less than 0.01) under stress, from 15.5 h to 1.29 h. It is concluded that gastrointestinal transit in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract is differently affected by central nervous stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiology of reflux disease and reflux esophagitis.

Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux is a common medical problem. But only few data exist on the epidemiology of reflux disease (without inflammation) and reflux esophagitis. The literature is critically reviewed and ecological causes of gastroesophageal reflux are discussed. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis in Western countries is estimated to be 2% and that of reflux disease 5%. Sparse reports exist on the natural history of both diseases. They appear to have little if any effect on life expectancy. The main complications of reflux esophagitis are Barrett's esophagus, peptic stricture, ulceration and bleeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cisapride in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: effects on oesophageal motility and intra-oesophageal pH.

Since gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is due to disturbances of oesophageal motility, motor and pH measurements are an important means to test a new anti-reflux drug, cisapride. In oesophageal manometry cisapride increased the pressure of the lower oesophageal sphincter in healthy volunteers and patients, and in the majority of studies it also strengthened the amplitude of oesophageal contractions. Cisapride lowered the total duration of acid exposure in the lower oesophagus in both volunteers and reflux patients. Thus cisapride may be useful in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical symptoms, psychopathology and intestinal motility in patients with "irritable bowel"].

Recent investigations of pathogenesis of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) either suggested psychopathology as the cause of bowel symptoms or proposed abnormalities in colonic motor and myoelectrical activity. Therefore, we prospectively compared clinical symptoms, personality traits, subjective stress reports, and motor and myoelectrical activity of the sigmoid colon and rectum in patients with IBS, patients with lactose malabsorption (LMA) who had not consulted a doctor for bowel complaints, and normal subjects. It could be shown that neither colonic activity nor stress distinguished patients with IBS from those with LMA. Patients with IBS exhibited significantly more clinical symptoms and psychopathology than patients with LMA and normal subjects. These findings suggest that psychopathology does not cause the symptoms or results from bowel dysfunctions but determines who will consult a doctor for bowel complaints.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

[Achalasia as a mask of cardial carcinoma].

Increasing dysphagia and weight loss between 3 and 30 kg developed in eight patients aged 27-70 years (mean age 53 years) within a period of 1.5 to 12 months. In five patients X-ray film showed the typical pattern of achalasia with dilatation of the tubular oesophagus and a smooth taper of the terminal part. Although in all patients the cardia became patent only after the endoscope had been advanced by pushing it forward to overcome stenosis or after bougienage, and although the malignoma had always been included in differential diagnostic considerations, a malignoma was identified only three times in 30 histological examinations. Oesophageal manometry demonstrated findings characteristic of achalasia in five patients, in three patients the examination could be performed only incompletely. In six patients computed tomography revealed pathological hypertrophy of the cardiac wall. Intraoperatively all cardiac tumours were in an advanced stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Biofeedback training in fecal incontinence].

In 19 patients with incontinence of various causes a treatment programme was instituted in which by biofeedback training they would learn how to increase the force of contraction of the external anal sphincter in response to balloon distension of the rectum. The degree of incontinence was objectified by anorectal manometry before and after training, as well as 3-6 months after the end of training. This programme significantly increased the force of contraction of the sphincter and pelvic-floor musculature. Twelve patients became continent and have remained so at follow-up. The training regimen was especially successful in patients with an organic cause of the incontinence and those most highly motivated. The investigation also demonstrated that anorectal manometry is a suitable method for the diagnosis of and monitoring the response to treatment of anal incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnostic problems in neurosyphilis].

In two patients admitted to hospital-one with signs of cerebral infarction, the other with headaches, vertigo and paraesthesias-the TPHA test was "reactive", while the 19S(IgM)-FTA-ABS test was not. There was no cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. Further CSF analyses and serological tests for syphilis (including CSF protein profile, demonstration of oligoclonal IgG, quantitative determination of Treponema-specific antibodies in serum and CSF) confirmed the diagnosis of neurosyphilis requiring treatment. In both patients the biologically false-negative 19S(IgM)-FTA-ABS test at first became transiently reactive after treatment. This unusual finding was probably due to antigen, liberated by treatment, again stimulating previously blocked IgM antibody synthesis. The listed additional tests should be performed in all patients with a reactive TPHA test and neurological or psychiatric signs and symptoms.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

[Exudative enteropathy in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome].

The triad of the Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome consists of varicose veins, "port-wine" haemangioma of the skin and bone and soft-tissue hypertrophy with a different extension. Often an obstruction of lymphatic vessels and lymphoedema accompany the syndrome. We observed for the first time a patient with an impressive Klippel-Trénaunay-Syndrome in combination with a symptomatic exudative enteropathy. In spite of a regular intravenous protein substitution for many years, this patient had developed a monstrous elephantiasis of the lower extremities. A lymphography demonstrated a blockade of the lymph flow at the height of the middle paraaortic lymph nodes. The cysterna chyli and the Ductus thoracicus were not visualised. The measurement of 51Cr-labelled albumin excretion in the stool for two days after the intravenous injection of 3.07 MBq 51Cr showed an excretion of 17.9% of the total dose, which means an elevated gastrointestinal protein-loss. However, intestinal lymphangiectasia was not seen on histologic examination of bioptic material of duodenal and jejunal mucosa. These results show that the Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome may be accompanied by a protein-loosing enteropathy due to obstruction of the gastrointestinal lymph flow. As the intestinal lymphangiectasia may occur locally, it is not always demonstrable directly on pathologic examination of biopsies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Psychosomatic aspects of irritable bowel syndrome. Specificity of clinical symptoms, psychopathological features and motor activity of the rectosigmoid].

The clinical symptoms of patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (ICS) frequently do not differ according to present findings from those of patients with lactose malabsorption. To test this observation further in a gastroenterological out-patient clinic, the authors compared the clinical symptoms, psychological features and motor activity in the rectosigmoid in 20 patients with ICS and 21 with lactose malabsorption. It was found that the intestinal symptoms, intestinal motor activity and psychopathology of patients with ICS was nonspecific and occurred equally frequently as those in the malabsorption patients. This casts doubt on the view that psychological factors play a role in the pathogenesis of ICS.

Colon, Sigmoid↗
PubMed1988

[Intrahepatic cholestasis and aplastic anemia following administration of prajmaline].

Intrahepatic cholestasis and aplastic anemia after N-propylajmaline. A 43 year old female patient taking oral contraceptives for more than five years received the antiarrhythmic drug N-propylajmaline for treatment of ventricular arrhythmia. After twelve days (total dosage 510 mg N-propyl-ajmaline) acute severe intrahepatic cholestasis and aplastic anemia developed. The erythropoeisis improved after three weeks of treatment with corticosteroids. However, despite treatment with phenobarbital the jaundice receded very slowly. Even after nine years of follow-up cholestatic enzymes are still significantly elevated although serum bilirubin levels are in the normal range. This case report demonstrates that antiarrhythmic drugs may induce nearly irreversible intrahepatic cholestasis and severe hematological disturbances.

Adult↗