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Biomedical subjects

M West

Publications and source records attributed to M West.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: Manitoba experience and literature review.

We describe eight cases of primary cerebral lymphoma seen in Manitoba from 1980 to 1985. The clinical presentation is similar to other primary brain tumors. The diagnosis should be considered when single or multiple, often deep lesions, show dense enhancement on computerized tomographic (CT) scan, but are avascular at angiography. These tumors are histologically indistinguishable from non-Hodgkins lymphomas arising outside the CNS. The prognosis is poor. However, radiotherapy with or without surgery may offer significant palliation. Although there is no consensus on the value of chemotherapy, corticosteroids alone or multiagent chemotherapy have shown promise in a few cases. For these reasons, histologic diagnosis should be sought in all cases and surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy should be considered, as prolonged survival is possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The DSM-III Distinction between schizoid and avoidant personality disorders.

The DSM-III distinction between schizoid and avoidant personality disorders is examined. This distinction derives from Millon's bio-social learning theory and his interpretation of Kretschmer's personality types. Kretschmer's depiction of schizoid personality emphasizes the ratio between hyperaesthetic and anaesthetic tendencies. It is argued, therefore, that the division of this continuous distribution into two distinct personality disorders is historically inaccurate. Clinical case material is used to illustrate this misconception.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The place of attachment in the life events model of stress and illness.

Recent evidence indicates that perceived adequacy of support has substantial predictive power for the subsequent onset of minor psychiatric symptoms. Such findings suggest that social support is not purely a property of the environment, but is also a function of personality. The problem, however, with a re-emphasis on personality variables is that any one of scores of dimensions can be chosen for study. This paper argues that precision may be gained by conceptualizing personality variables in terms of basic behavioral systems that have been extensively investigated in ethological and developmental studies. One such basic system is attachment. The present paper discusses the relevance of attachment theory for understanding susceptibility to stress and individual differences in the use of social support during times of stress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Renal sympathetic nerve responses to stimulation, inhibition and destruction of the ventrolateral medulla in the rabbit.

The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the cardiovascular responses to lesions of the caudal ventrolateral medulla of the rabbit was investigated by measurement of renal sympathetic nerve activity. In addition, the effect of chemical stimulation and inhibition on renal sympathetic nerve activity was assessed. The results show that lesions or chemical inhibition of the caudal ventrolateral medulla result in an increase in sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure, whilst excitation results in a decrease in blood pressure and nerve activity. These findings contrast with chemical stimulation or inhibition of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in the region of the C1 cells where stimulation results in a rise in blood pressure and renal nerve activity, and inhibition, a fall in blood pressure and nerve activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Historical comment on DSM-III schizoid and avoidant personality disorders.

The authors examine the DSM-III distinction between schizoid and avoidant personality disorders. This distinction is based on Millon's biosocial learning theory and his interpretation of Kretschmer's personality types. The authors argue that this separation of a continuous distribution is historically misconceived and serves to obscure the significant features of schizoid personality. They examine Kretschmer's conceptualization of schizoid personality for the implications it carries for the development of a classification of personality disorder, suggesting that Kretschmer's approach implies a "polythetic" model of personality disorder that conceptualizes disorders as categories of dimensions.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

Antigenic reactivity of the major glycoprotein of equine infectious anemia virus, a retrovirus.

The immunogenic contributions of the carbohydrate and peptide portions of the major envelope glycoprotein of equine infections anemia virus, EIAV gp90, were analyzed by measuring the effects of specific glycosidase and protease digestions on the reactivity of the glycoprotein with immune sera from infected horses. The results of both direct and competitive radioimmunoassay demonstrated that immune sera contained antibodies reactive with both the carbohydrate and protein moieties of EIAV gp90, with the predominant reactivity apparently against the gp90 peptide epitopes. These results contrast with previous descriptions of retrovirus glycoprotein antigenicity in which antigenic reactivity was attributed exclusively to protein (Friend murine leukemia virus) or to carbohydrate (bovine leukemia virus). Thus EIAV gp90 displays a complex antigenicity which must be taken into consideration in analyzing the biochemical nature of antigenic variation of the virus during persistent infections in horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Behavioral changes in rat following perinatal exposure to ethanol.

Behavioral changes following pre- and postnatal ethanol administration were examined in rat pups of various ages. A significant increase in locomotor activity occurred at all ages (16, 22 and 30 days) examined. Nose poking activity in 22-day-old pups and standing activity in 30-day-old pups were also significantly higher following perinatal ethanol exposure. No significant change in grooming behavior was observed. The overactivity in rat pups following perinatal ethanol exposure is consistent with the frequently observed hyperactivity in fetal alcohol syndrome children.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Changes in immunoreactive somatostatin in brain following lidocaine-induced kindling in rat.

The kindling phenomenon has become a useful model for studying epileptogenesis. The present authors have previously reported increased levels of immunoreactive somatostatin (IR-SRIF) in various regions of the brain of electrically-amygdaloid kindled (EAK) rats. In this study, an examination was made of immunoreactive somatostatin in pharmacologically-kindled (PK) rats. Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a subthreshold dose of lidocaine (60 mg/kg), once daily. Once the kindling phenomenon was established, kindled rats (7), non-kindled rats (9) and controls (6) were sacrificed by microwave irradiation. Another group of 5 rats was injected with a single suprathreshold dose of lidocaine (110 mg/kg) and killed 10 min after the resultant seizure. Various brain areas were removed and assayed for immunoreactive somatostatin in kindled rats. Immunoreactive somatostatin was significantly greater than in controls in the amygdala (56%; P less than 0.02), entorhinal + piriform cortex (50%; P less than 0.05) and hypothalamus (29%; P less than 0.02). In non-kindled rats, immunoreactive somatostatin increased only in the amygdala (58%; P less than 0.02). No difference was found in the immunoreactive somatostatin content of rats injected with an suprathreshold dose of lidocaine compared to controls. The alteration of immunoreactive somatostatin, in both lidocaine-kindled and electrically-amygdaloid kindled rats suggests a possible role of this neuropeptide in kindling.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1983

The effect of concussion on cerebral uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in rat.

The effect of concussion on 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake by various regions of rat brain was investigated. The relative uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose was measured at 10 and 20 min post-concussion. The uptake did not change significantly from control rats at 20 min post-concussion. This may be reflective of transient nature of concussion. The uptake was higher in cortex and lower in subcortical structures at 10 min post-concussion. These changes are similar to those reported in spreading cortical depression. Spreading cortical depression may thus be a component of concussion mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Prenatal exposure to ethanol alters [3h]naloxone binding in rat striatum.

Pregnant rats were administered ethanol from day 8 of pregnancy until the day of delivery. Control rats were given isocaloric replacement of sucrose. [3H]Naloxone binding was determined in the striatum of pups of various ages in both groups. The binding was significantly lower in the pups of ethanol treated mothers than in pups of control mothers at all ages examined. The findings suggests an interference in the normal development of striatal receptors in rats prenatally exposed to ethanol.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Detection of renal allograft rejection by computer.

A computer program incorporating an adaptation of a statistical method, the multiprocess Kalman filter, was used to detect changes in trends of plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. In 28 recipients of renal allografts a definite deterioration in renal function was identified retrospectively on 32 occasions by an experienced renal physician independently of the statistical analysis. The computer identified 31 of these 32 episodes using creatinine and urea results, and 29 using creatinine alone. Dysfunction was identified by the computer significantly earlier (p less than 0.05) than by the clinician and a median of one day earlier (p less than 0.02) than treatment was actually initiated. The computer identified dysfunction on 11 out of 1259 days when the clinician did not suspect rejection. These 11 episodes may have had a pathological importance, though no clinical diagnosis was made. This computer method is useful for immediate analysis of incoming results and for timing events either prospectively or retrospectively.

Computers↗
PubMed1983

Effects of common radioiodination procedures on the binding of glycoproteins to immobilized lectins.

Representative glycoproteins including fetuin, protein A, ovalbumin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, and the major glycoprotein of equine infectious anemia virus were labelled with 125I by the chloramine-T or Bolton-Hunter procedure and their binding to immobilized Con A or lentil lectin compared to untreated samples of each glycoprotein. Glycoprotein modification was no greater than one substituted residue per protein molecule. Yet the radioiodinated glycoproteins typically displayed only 0-50% of the lectin binding observed with untreated samples. These results indicate that lectin glycoprotein binding can be markedly altered by minor modifications in protein structure.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of equine infectious anemia virus glycoproteins. Lectin affinity chromatography procedures for high avidity glycoproteins.

Lectin affinity chromatography procedures were evaluated for the isolation of enveloped virus glycoproteins. The major glycoprotein of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) bound to concanavalin A (Con A)-Sepharose through interactions which could not be reversed by alpha-methylglucoside, but elution could be accomplished with buffers containing guanidine hydrochloride or sodium dodecyl sulfate. These denaturants, however, also released about one-half of the Con A protein from the Sepharose matrix. This degradation does not appear to have been recognized previously, as denaturants are frequently employed for the isolation of virus glycoproteins from Con A-Sepharose. In contrast, the virus glycoprotein bound equally well to Sepharose-bound Lens culinaris (lentil) lectin affinity columns and was effectively eluted with buffer containing 0.2 M alpha-methylglucoside. The lentil lectin-Sepharose procedure described is rapid, inexpensive and results in the efficient separation and recovery of EIAV glycoproteins. Thus, lentil lectin-Sepharose can provide a useful alternative to Con A-Sepharose for isolating other high avidity glycoproteins from viral envelopes or cell membranes.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1983

Monitoring renal transplants: an application of the multiprocess Kalman filter.

The multiprocess Kalman filter offers a powerful general framework for the modelling and analysis of noisy time series which are subject to abrupt changes in pattern. It has considerable potential application to many forms of biological series used in clinical monitoring. In particular, the approach can be used to provide on-line probabilities of whether changes have occurred, as well as to identify the type of change that is involved. In this paper, we extend and illustrate the methodology within the context of a particular case study. The general features of the problem, and the approach adopted, will be seen to have wide application.

Creatinine↗