The quality of antimicrobial susceptibility testing disks.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Warner.
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Strategic planning and marketing for regional multihospital systems requires aids far greater in scope than those needed by single institutions. In the first place, planners for a regional system must be able to determine effects of its actions throughout the region, taking into account competitive interactions among a large number of institutions. This requires a much greater degree of sophistication than is usually found at the level of the single institution. Moreover, this greater sophistication cannot be bought at the expense of speed or demands on the time of the decisionmakers, nor can it be achieved through more sophisticated managerial skills. The aids must also be able to handle expeditiously a far larger volume of inquiry. Those two considerations shaped the design of the Multihospital Strategic Planning Model. Because of its comprehensiveness, the ease with which management can use it, and the speed with which it can answer a large volume of questions, it has become a permanent part of the ongoing corporate-level planning and marketing activities of the Maryland Health Care System in Baltimore. The planning staff can quickly analyze a wide variety of "What if?" questions by making selected changes--on an objective or a subjective basis--in the data files that represent the input variables of the system. By storing such changes in new data files, the staff can piggyback future "What if?" questions onto those asked in the past. The system includes on-line software to change data and create new files. Designed in an interactive mode, the system may be used by the planning staff, in the planning office, at any time.
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A protocol was developed to provide continuous, hypothermic, low-pressure perfusion for 24 hours' preservation of the isolated canine heart prior to orthotopic transplantation. Donor cardiectomy included coronary vasodilatation with diltiazem, potassium arrest, and rapid cooling of the heart. The graft was perfused at a pressure of 18 to 22 cm H2O and at an average flow of 0.743 cc/min/gm of tissue. The septal temperature was 5 degrees to 7 degrees C and perfusate pH was 7.25 to 7.4. Two groups of mongrel dogs were studied after orthotopic transplantation: Group I (n = 15) received hearts perfused for 24 hours. Group II (n = 9) received hearts removed by the same cardiectomy technique, but transplanted immediately. All grafts were able to support the recipient circulation after cardiopulmonary bypass. These was no significant difference in survival or in graft function when hemodynamic studies were done in five animals of each group, between 5 and 10 days after operation. We conclude that a reliable and reproducible method of 24 hours' in vitro perfusion of the canine heart has been obtained and should be applicable in clinical cardiac transplantation when prolonged periods of preservation are required.
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A scheme for kit evaluation in the individual clinical chemistry laboratory is presented. Recommendations for assessing accuracy, precision, and stability are included along with a scheme for preparing for the evaluation and writing the final report.
Because their future is interwoven with the Church's broader role, Catholic multihospital systems must not grow solely for efficiency's sake. On the following pages the authors analyze data showing a direct shift toward a new form of health care delivery and suggest that system types, organization structures, and objectives should reflect and enhance Gospel values.
Although data suggest that multihospital systems are growing rapidly, more in-depth investigation is necessary to truly monitor the success of the systems approach. Cost effectiveness, quality of services and access are major factors in determining if the trend toward systems configurations should be encouraged or discouraged.
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