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Biomedical subjects

M Ward

Publications and source records attributed to M Ward.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Chylous ascites in cirrhosis: a case report and review of the literature.

Chylous ascites is an uncommon clinical entity which results from the accumulation of fat, predominantly chylomicrons, in the ascitic fluid. Conventional treatment methods are unsatisfactory. A patient is reported with chylous ascites associated with cirrhosis and portal hypertension in whom the ascites, the renal insufficiency and the fluid and electrolyte disturbances were corrected by the insertion of a Denver peritoneovenous shunt.

Chylous Ascites↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alternative lipids to usual omega 6 PUFAS: gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, EPA, etc.

The intravenous administration of parenteral fat emulsions is widely used in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to supply essential fatty acids and concentrated energy in a relatively small volume of isotonic solution. They contain very high amounts of linoleic acid and usually about 8% of alpha-linolenic acid calculated in the fat phase (10 or 20% of the total emulsion). Most of the time one emulsion is given as the sole source of fat, giving direct venous entry to a fatty acid composition substantially different from that encountered in a normal diet. Since the latter greatly influences the fatty acid composition of phospholipids which are critical determinants of membrane structural properties influencing a variety of membrane functions (Fig. 1) (enzyme activity, membrane transport, receptor function) and functional precursors of intracellular and intercellular mediators (diacylglycerols, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, hydroxy fatty acids), do we provide the right fatty acid at the right place and the right time for efficient cell cell interaction? In other words, given the three roles of fatty acids--energetic, structural, functional--are we using the best strategy to avoid imbalances between the three roles?

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological preparation for nasogastric feeding in children.

Psychological preparation of children undergoing enteral nutrition by nasogastric tube was evaluated in a prospective study of 48 children nursed at home. They were randomly allocated to receive either standard informal preparation or detailed psychological preparation and support. The children were divided into two groups according to age: group A comprised toddlers and younger children aged 2-6 years and group B comprised older children and adolescents aged 7-16 years. Detailed questionnaires were administered to all parents and older children by dietetic colleagues who were blinded to the type of preparation received by the children. The results emphasize that detailed psychological preparation of families takes time. Passage of a nasogastric tube was seen as very distressing to both parents and children. Having a nasogastric tube was perceived as a major problem by group A. There was no statistical difference in the effects of enteral nutrition between younger children who received routine preparation and those who received detailed preparation; however, parental assessment of their child's behaviour was the sole means of determining how the younger child felt and reacted. In group B, there were marked differences: scores suggested that those who received detailed preparation had been better prepared for enteral feeding in hospital and at home and that the passage of the nasogastric tube, although unpleasant, was less distressing to them (P < 0.05). Talking to a nurse and play therapist was seen by parents as essential (P < 0.05). The authors conclude that children should be prepared for painful procedures and followed up sensitively, according to their needs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mental health nursing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Career Mobility↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The future for mental health nursing.

In February 1998 200 mental health nurses attended the RCN third European Mental Health Nursing Conference in Belfast. This paper reports on a delegate questionnaire concerning issues of resourcing, personal safety, skill mix and commissioning. The findings indicate that mental health nurses remain under threat from physical assault. However, the link between human resourcing, skill mix and threatening behaviour appears not to be one which practising nurses associate with their work area. Not surprisingly, there was a definite perception that purchasers of current services have no real understanding of the needs of service users or providers.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infant feeding: factors affecting initiation, exclusivity and duration.

The study objective was to determine the initiation rate, duration and exclusiveness of breastfeeding, in women resident in the North Eastern Health Board (NEHB) region. An additional aim was to identify determinants that influence the initiation and duration of all types of breastfeeding. All eligible mothers completed a self-administered questionnaire. For breastfeeding mothers there was additional follow-up, by telephone, at six and fourteen weeks postnatal. In total, 127 (51.4%) mothers initiated breastfeeding. This gradually declined to 52 (21.1%) at 14 weeks postnatal. Mothers' attributes significantly associated with initiating breastfeeding included: having previously breastfed, completed third level education, decision to breastfeed made early in pregnancy, being a non-smoker, having a mother who also breastfed, belonging to higher social class and age 24 years or older. However, after controlling for all of these variables in a regression model, only the following factors remained significant: having previously breastfed, completed third level education and the decision to breastfeed made early in pregnancy. Therefore, as decisions on infant feeding method are made prior to or early in pregnancy, efforts to increase breastfeeding rates will have to occur at societal level. Health sector initiatives can only have limited effect. In addition, creative methods must be developed and employed to encourage women from lower socio-economic groups to breastfeed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monoclonal antibodies reacting with colorectal tumours.

25 mouse monoclonal antibodies were screened for cell surface reactivity with colorectal tumours using the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Five antibodies of the IgG subclasses were selected. LICR-LON-M8 was raised against human milk fat globule membrane (HMFGM). The remaining four antibodies 48-1, 3-48-2, 77-1, and 8-30-3 were raised against human bladder metastases. M8, 77-1, and 8-30-3 which showed epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) - like reactivity exhibited greater selectivity for colorectal cancer compared with normal colon. M8 and 77-1 are being evaluated for immunoscintigraphy of colorectal carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescents in families adopting older children: implications for service.

Editor's Note: The study reported here is of necessarily limited scope and design because of the realistically small number of adoptions with families containing adolescents that are available for examination. The findings and conclusions of the authors are nonetheless useful for agencies involved in special-needs adoption.

Adolescent↗