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Biomedical subjects

M Ward

Publications and source records attributed to M Ward.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Platelet function in patients receiving enprostil.

The effect of 14 days of treatment with enprostil (35 micrograms twice daily) or ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) on platelet function in 21 patients with duodenal ulcer was evaluated in a double-bind, randomized, parallel study. Platelet function, as determined by the results of a coagulation screen, aggregation tests, and an assay for plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels, was assessed before and after 14 days of treatment. No effect on platelet function was observed with either drug in this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Maintenance chemotherapy for anaplastic small cell carcinoma of the bronchus: a randomised, controlled trial.

Since March 1980, 309 patients with anaplastic small cell carcinoma of the bronchus (ASCB) have received remission induction therapy prior to randomisation to maintenance (M) or no maintenance (NM) chemotherapy. Induction therapy consisted of six courses of vincristine, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (VAC) given IV every 3 weeks. Those with limited disease also received mediastinal irradiation. Consenting patients with no unequivocal residual disease were randomised to have no further treatment until relapse or a further eight courses of VAC, at a lower dosage, every 4 weeks. Patients failing to achieve randomisation status received palliative treatment only. The median survival for all patients with limited disease (LD) is 363 days and that for patients with extensive disease (ED) is 272 days (P less than 0.00001). Sixty-one patients with ED were randomised. Those having maintenance chemotherapy lived significantly longer (median 372 days) than those who did not continue therapy (median 259 days) (P = 0.006). An imbalance in the proportion of 'complete remitters' randomised to maintenance therapy does not account for this difference. There is no significant difference between the M and NM groups in the 32 randomised LD patients. Continuing treatment during remission with agents used to induce the remission can prolong survival in patients with extensive stage ASCB.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Transformation of Aspergillus nidulans with a cloned, oligomycin-resistant ATP synthase subunit 9 gene.

An allele (oliC31) of the A. nidulans oliC gene has been cloned using homology with the equivalent gene from N. crassa. OliC31 codes for an oligomycin-resistant, triethyltin-hypersensitive form of subunit 9 of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex. Direct selection for oligomycin-resistance was possible following transformation of A. nidulans with the oliC31 gene. The phenotypes of transformants cultured in the presence of oligomycin were indicative of the position of integration of the transforming plasmid within the genome. Subsequent recombination events involving the integrated oliC31 gene were also apparent from altered levels of resistance to oligomycin or triethyltin. This gene should prove useful as a marker for transformation of strains lacking auxotrophic lesions and in gene replacement or disruption experiments.

ATP Synthetase Complexes↗
PubMed1986

The ATP synthase subunit 9 gene of Aspergillus nidulans: sequence and transcription.

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the Aspergillus nidulans nuclear gene oliC31, which encodes subunit 9 of mitochondrial ATP synthase. The open reading frame contains no introns and specifies a predicted protein of 143 amino acids comprising a pre-sequence of 62 residues and a mature protein of 81 residues. The amino acid homology with the equivalent Neurospora crassa protein is 50% for the pre-sequence and 80% for the mature protein. A comparison with this and other imported mitochondrial proteins has revealed conserved regions which may be important for transport or subsequent processing. Multiple transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites have been identified. The promoter region of the oliC31 gene is characterised by long pyrimidine-rich tracts preceding the transcription initiation sites.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between yeast and mammalian cells under conditions favoring cell fusion.

Antibiotic resistance to G418 has been transferred into Chinese hamster cell lines via a plasmid vector. The same plasmid, which also contained the Leu2 gene, has been used to transform Leu2- yeast (strain MC16) to leucine prototrophy. Subsequent fusion between transformed yeast and untransformed hamster cells demonstrated that plasmid DNA could be transferred and its genes expressed within the mammalian cell genome. The fusion of transformed hamster cells with untransformed MC16 yeast cells demonstrated that DNA integrated within the mammalian cell genome could be transferred to correct the Leu2 deficiency and also confer G418 resistance on some yeast colonies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Morphology and ultrastructure of fungi in extended-wear soft contact lenses.

Filamentous fungi of the genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Curvularia, and Fusarium penetrated the matrix of soft contact lenses both during normal usage and in laboratory studies. Growth of the fungi within the lens matrix increased with increasing water content of the lens. Hyphae within the lens were coiled. Some species penetrated completely through the lens within 96 h. More frequent cleaning and disinfection of extended-wear soft contact lenses is recommended.

Acremonium↗
PubMed1986

Cholecystectomy and adenomatous polyps of the large bowel.

Seventy two patients (39 women) with colonic adenomas were compared with 72 adenoma free controls (39 women) to investigate the possible association between previous cholecystectomy and the subsequent development of adenomas. Data were gathered retrospectively from medical records. Overall there was no significant association between colonic adenomas and previous cholecystectomy. When women are considered separately, however, eight cases and no controls had undergone cholecystectomy (odds ratio infinity lower 95% confidence limits 1.7, p greater than 0.01). No association between previous cholecystectomy and large bowel adenomas was found in men. Four of nine (44.4%) women with right sided colonic adenomas had undergone previous cholecystectomy compared with only three of 23 (13%) women with left sided adenomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of colloidal bismuth subcitrate tablets and ranitidine in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcers.

In a randomized, endoscopically controlled trial, the effects of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) tablets on the healing of chronic duodenal ulcers were compared with those of ranitidine (R). 38 patients were originally allocated to the CBS group and 37 to ranitidine. There were 5 dropouts in each group. Of 33 patients given CBS, 25 (75%) showed complete ulcer healing by 4 weeks and 30 (91%) by 8 weeks. Of the 32 patients given ranitidine, 28 (87%) showed complete ulcer healing by 4 weeks and 30 (94%) by 8 weeks. There was no significant difference between these results. Symptom resolution was similar in both groups and no significant adverse effects were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Faster assay of H2 in breath by dedicated instruments compared with conventional gas chromatography.

Recently available instruments dedicated to the clinical assay of hydrogen in breath were tested and the results compared with those from a conventional thermal conductivity gas chromatograph. We found the Quintron Model 12 Microlyzer and the GMI Exhaled Hydrogen Monitor to give much faster and more sensitive results than the Gow-Mac 550 conventional gas chromatograph, and their readout is digital rather than graphical. Linearity of response, accuracy, and precision were similar for all those instruments. Maintenance requirements and performance characteristics of the three instruments are compared in detail and practical advice is given on daily operation.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1985

A controlled study of methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type, in adults.

Thirty-seven adult patients meeting the Utah criteria for attention deficit disorder, residual type, were entered into a double-blind crossover trial of methylphenidate and placebo. A moderate-to-marked therapeutic response occurred in 21 (57%) of the patients while receiving methylphenidate and in four (11%) while receiving placebo, a highly significant difference statistically and clinically. The responding patients showed significant improvement in the following areas: attentional difficulty, motor overactivity, affective lability, and impulsivity. The diagnosis of attention deficit disorder, residual type, should be considered in patients with prominent complaints of impulsivity, restlessness, emotional lability, and hot temper who do not suffer from schizophrenia or major mood disorder and do not have symptoms of schizotypal or borderline personality disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Trilostane therapy for advanced breast cancer.

Forty-one postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer have been treated with trilostane, a 3 beta D-hydrogenase delta 5-isomerase inhibitor, for periods of up to 1 year. One patient responded to trilostane and in six patients the disease was stabilized. The remaining patients failed to respond to therapy. Six patients who failed to respond to trilostane subsequently responded to other forms of endocrine therapy. It is concluded that trilostane alone is not a useful agent in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.

Aged↗