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Biomedical subjects

M Waluga

Publications and source records attributed to M Waluga.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Usefulness of thoracic electrical bioimpedance in detection of ejection fraction changes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate a usefulness of thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) in following adaptive haemodynamic adjustments to postural change and isometric exercise. Sixteen subjects with intact cardiovascular system took part in this study. Haemodynamic parameters were obtained in recumbency and after taking up erect posture. Besides, TEB was performed during handgrip test and the results were compared with baseline resting data. Each time the radionuclide ventriculography (RV) was performed concurrently with TEB to obtain an independent measurement of ejection fraction (EF). Active orthostasis was associated with a change in stroke volume, cardiac output and total vascular resistance by -29.7%, -3.4%, +3.9%, respectively. The handgrip produced a significant increase in cardiac output by 16.3%, however it was not associated with an enhancement of stroke volume. Although there was a moderate correlation between EF calculated by TEB and RV in supine position (r=0.66; p < 0.001), TEB failed to reflect changes of EF in orthostasis and isometric exercise. In conclusion, our results suggest that TEB offers in subjects with normal cardiovascular function a valuable alternative to cardiovascular monitoring of stroke volume and cardiac output, but calculation of EF is associated with a risk of serious error.

Electric Impedance↗
PubMed1998

Cardiovascular effects of ephedrine, caffeine and yohimbine measured by thoracic electrical bioimpedance in obese women.

Low caloric diet is a commonly accepted treatment in obesity. However, owing to moderate results, a pharmacological support has been proposed. As some efficacious drugs activate overall sympathetic activity, they might modify functions of the cardiovascular system. Three groups of subjects were studied: (1) nine obese women receiving only a standard hypocaloric diet; (2) nine obese women receiving a standard hypocaloric diet and ephedrine (2 x 25 mg) with caffeine (2 x 200 mg); (3) nine obese women receiving a standard hypocaloric diet and ephedrine (2 x 25 mg) with caffeine (2 x 200 mg) and yohimbine (2 x 5 mg). The cardiovascular state was evaluated by thoracic electrical bioimpedance, automatic sphygmomanometry and continuous ECG recording. In each patient, the haemodynamic study was performed twice: at rest, i.e. before treatment; and after 10 days of treatment. On the same days in each patient, the haemodynamic tests were performed during physical exercises (handgrip stress and cycloergometer exercise). Caffeine and ephedrine had no haemodynamic effect in resting patients. These two drugs led to an increase in ejection fraction during cycloergometer exercise. Addition of yohimbine increased diastolic pressure and heart rate but decreased ejection fraction and stroke index during rest. We also observed that addition of yohimbine decreased ejection fraction during the handgrip and cycloergometer exercise and increased cardiac load during dynamic exercise. Pharmacological supplement of ephedrine and caffeine to a low caloric diet modified the cardiovascular system weakly, but the addition of yohimbine to this regimen attenuated cardiac performance during rest and handgrip and increased cardiac work during dynamic exercise.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1998

[The values of selected lipid parameters and atrial pressure in persons with hyperinsulinemia and normal glucose tolerance].

In 60 healthy non-obese persons we determined fasting plasma insulin concentrations. Afterwards we performed test with oral load with 75 g glucose. We determined plasma concentration of insulin one hour and two hours after this load; we found that 14 of 60 subjects had hyperinsulinemia with normal glucose tolerance. In the group of persons with hyperinsulinaemia we have shown the increase of fasting plasma triglyceride levels and elevated diastolic blood pressure. We suggested that healthy persons with hyperinsulinemia and normal glucose tolerance have an increase risk for cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1998

Plasma catecholamines, neuropeptide Y and leucine-enkephalin in uremic patients before and after dialysis during rest and handgrip.

UNLABELLED: We have studied the effects of handgrip on plasma levels of catecholamines, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and leu-enkephalin before and after hemodialysis of uremic patients. A cuprophan dialyzer was used. We found, that dopamine level was higher in uremia group before hemodialysis both during rest (0.38 +/- 0.39 pmol/ml) and handgrip (1.13 +/- 1.00 pmol/ml) compared to control (0.17 +/- 0.19, and 0.66 +/- 0.83 pmol/ml respectively). Hemodialysis leads to further increase of its level (0.49 +/- 0.35 pmol/ml) at rest. Epinephrine level was almost the same in uremic patients before (0.43 +/- 0.51 pmol/ml) and after dialysis (0.46 +/- 0.60) as in control subjects (0.41 +/- 0.37 pmol/ml) during the rest. Its level measured after the handgrip was the highest in uremic group after dialysis (2.10 +/- 2.00 pmol/ml), significantly lower before dialysis (1.26 +/- 0.85 pmol/ml), and the lowest in control group (0.78 +/- 0.43 pmol/ml). Norepinephrine level were very similar in uremic group before dialysis (1.54 +/- 1.05 pmol/ml), after dialysis (1.79 +/- 1.29 pmol/ml) and in control group (1.46 +/- 1.06 pmol/ml) during the rest. During the handgrip test its level was higher in uremic group after hemodialysis than before it (adequate values 8.78 +/- 4.61 and 6.70 +/- 4.74 pmol/ml). The difference between uremia group before dialysis and control group did not reach significance. The level of NPY has the tendency to increase in uremic patients. Dialysis leads to following increase of its level, but the changes did not reach the significance both in rest and handgrip. Leu-enkephalin level was higher in uremic group (9.21 +/- 7.62 pmol/ml) compared to control (5.22 +/- 1.53 pmol/ml). We observed non-significant fall of this level after dialysis (6.79 +/- 4.76 pmol/ml). We found the same tendency during the handgrip, and the changes were significant. IN CONCLUSION: uremia per se leads to increase the level of dopamine and leu-enkephaline during the rest and handgrip, but the level of epinephrine only during the handgrip; dialysis leads to further increase of dopamine during the rest, but epinephrine, norepinephrine and leu-enkephaline only during the handgrip.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cardiovascular status after postural change in compensated cirrhosis: an argument for vasodilatory concept.

It seems that hypervolemia and vasodilatation coincide in compensated cirrhosis, but neither rank nor importance of these factors has been fully clarified in adaptive response to postural change. We studied, with gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography and thoracic electrical bioimpedance the hemodynamic status of 19 patients with compensated cirrhosis and 18 healthy subjects in upright and supine positions. In the upright position, the cirrhotic patients were hypotensive and had decreased peripheral vascular resistance despite increased cardiac output. The transition to the supine position was accompanied by a significant fall in the heart rate and an increase in the stroke volume in both controls (92 +/- 22 to 63 +/- 10 beats/min, and 38 +/- 9 to 62 +/- 19 ml/m2, respectively) and cirrhotic patients (101 +/- 20 to 79 +/- 13 beats/min, and 44 +/- 15 to 63 +/- 19 ml/m2, respectively). Besides, the diastolic arterial pressure fell in controls from 89 +/- 9 mmHg to 81 +/- 11 mmHg; p < 0.01, while it remained unchanged in cirrhotic patients (77 +/- 17 vs 82 +/- 13 mmHg). In the supine position, the cirrhotic patients presented tachycardia and left ventricular hyperkinesy (increased velocity of left ventricular filling and emptying). In conclusion, these results show that in compensated cirrhosis the decreased arterial tone and peripheral blood pooling are important factors of adaptive hemodynamic reaction to postural change.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Resting energy expenditure in patients with cirrhosis of the liver measured by indirect calorimetry, anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Energy expenditure was investigated in 15 patients with liver cirrhosis and 20 healthy controls by three methods: indirect calorimetry, anthropometry using the Harris-Benedict equation and bioelectrical impedance analysis. The energy expenditure was expressed in kcal/day, kcal/kg BW/day (BW - body weight), kcal/kg LBM/day (LBM - lean body mass, derived by bioelectrical impedance analysis) or in kcal/m2/day. We did not find statistical differences between values of resting energy expenditure obtained in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and healthy controls whichever method we used. We also did not find statistical differences between values obtained by indirect calorimetry, anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis. There was a significant correlation between indirect calorimetry and anthropometry in both groups. We found significant correlations between indirect calorimetry and anthropometry, and between indirect calorimetry and bioelectrical impedance analysis, in the control group only. We can conclude that (1) resting energy expenditure of patients with cirrhosis of the liver is not changed when compared with healthy controls, and (2) bioelectrical impedance is a useful method to calculate body composition from which energy expenditure is derived; however, it gives an appropriate result only in healthy people, and only approximate values in patients with cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in obesity.

Pharmacokinetic analysis of theophylline was performed in 16 obese women before and after 3-week weight-reducing treatment. Decrease of clearance, increase of t1/2, AUC, and MRT were observed. There were no differences between the volume of distribution before and after weight-reducing treatment. Our results suggest that ideal body weight should be used to calculate a loading dose of theophylline for obese patients; weight-reducing treatment may be connected with changes in biotransformation and elimination of theophylline more than with its distribution.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Leucine enkephalin level in rat hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus and adrenal glands in experimental rat uremia.

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of experimental uremia elicited in Wistar rats by 5/6 kidney resection on the leu-enkephalin level in hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus and adrenal glands. We found, that in uremic rats leu-enkephalin levels decreased in striatum and in adrenal glands. The level of leu-enkephalin in adrenal glands was directly related to plasma creatinine. The weight of uremic rats was significantly lower than that of control rats.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

[Endoscopic prosthesis of the biliary tract].

In the years 1987--1989 endoscopic biliary tree stenting was performed in 64 patients. The straight prostheses type Amsterdam 10 or 12 F and double pigtail prostheses were applied. In 36 cases the indication for stenting was malignant stricture of the biliary tree (group I) caused by carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (n = 12), carcinoma of the head of the pancreas (n = 15), common bile duct and bifurcation tumor (n = 5) and gallbladder cancer (n = 4). In 28 cases the indications were common bile duct stones (group II) where stone size made endoscopic removal impossible and surgery was contraindicated. Normalisation or improvement of elevated serum bilirubin level was observed quite quickly after stenting (it decreased to about 50% of initial value after 7 days). Mean duration of prosthesis patency in group I patients who avoided surgical treatment was 144 days and mean survival time was 220 days. In group II patients mean duration of prosthesis patency was 183 days. Endoscopic biliary tree stenting is an advantageous alternative to surgical palliative++ treatment of obstructive neoplastic jaundice and constitutes an efficient method of treating common bile duct stones in poor operative risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of physical exercise and heat on energy expenditure in obesity].

The effect of exercise and thermal stress on energy expenditure was studied in obese and lean subjects. The group of obese subjects comprised 20 women with body weight 81-159 kg, and the control group included 12 lean women weighing 51-58 kg. The energy expenditure was assessed by the method of indirect calorimetry with a Spirolyt II apparatus. The heart rate, the systolic and diastolic pressure were measured. The tested subjects were subjected to a 60 W (60 J/s) exercise on a cycle ergometer during 10 minutes, and immediately after it they were exposed to hot air in a chamber at about 60 degrees for 30 min. On the following day this sequence was reversed, with exercise following heat exposure. In the obese women the energy expenditure at rest was 93.4 +/- 17.5 W, and during exposure to heat after exercise it was 124.0 +/- 21.3 W. During exercise preceded by heat exposure it was 436.3 +/- 51.6 W. In lean subjects the corresponding values were lower: 77.5 +/- 6.5 W, 104.0 +/- 14.8 W, 376.8 +/- 36.1 W. After calculation of energy expenditure per 1 m2 of body area this expenditure was, however, lower in the group of obese subjects. The exposure to physical exercise before thermal stress increased significantly the energy expenditure in relation to that caused by each of these exposures separately. The heart rate and the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in obese subjects. In both groups thermal stress increased the heart rate and systolic pressure but decreased the diastolic pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗