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Biomedical subjects

M Wall

Publications and source records attributed to M Wall.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Panic attacks and temporal lobe seizures associated with a right temporal lobe arteriovenous malformation: case report.

A 33-year-old woman developed temporal lobe seizures and was found to have a right frontotemporal arteriovenous malformation. She subsequently developed panic attacks that could be induced by lactate infusion and were successfully treated with imipramine. The possibility that the panic attacks were caused by a structural lesion of the right temporal lobe is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Activation of protein formation and cell division by bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin.

We employed des-Arg9-bradykinin to investigate the relation between bradykinin-induced prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and bradykinin-induced protein accumulation. In this feedback control system, bradykinin-induced PG synthesis limits bradykinin-induced protein production. At low concentration (5 X 10(-8) M), des-Arg9-bradykinin was significantly less active than bradykinin in stimulating the formation of prostaglandins by human fetal lung fibroblasts in culture. At high concentration (5 X 10(-6) M), bradykinin induced a 24% increase in protein formation, while des-Arg9-bradykinin induced a 61% increase in collagen formation and an 80% increase in total protein accumulation. In the presence of indomethacin, bradykinin-induced protein formation was increased further, whereas des-Arg9-bradykinin-induced protein formation was unchanged. The bradykinin derivative increased the production of types I and III procollagens without affecting the distribution of procollagen types. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA in lung fibroblast cultures was increased 3-fold by des-Arg9-bradykinin alone or by bradykinin in combination with indomethacin. Des-Arg9-[Leu8]bradykinin inhibited the des-Arg9-bradykinin-induced protein formation and cell division. These data indicate that both bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin stimulate protein formation and cell division; des-Arg9-bradykinin alone stimulates protein formation and cell division without activating PG synthesis and PG feedback control.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1984

Small capsular hemorrhages. Clinical-computed tomographic correlations.

Ten patients' hemorrhagic capsular lesions were detected by computed tomography (CT). Nine of these ten patients had systemic arterial hypertension. Two patients had prior transient ischemic episodes that were of the same nature and suggested the same vascular territory as the subsequent capsular hemorrhage. All of the patients had the sudden onset of maximal neurologic deficit and none showed progressive worsening. Seven patients had pure motor hemiparesis and three had motor weakness with mild sensory impairment. The CT showed capsular hemorrhage in all cases without extension into the thalamus or basal ganglia. None of the hemorrhages caused mass effect or showed surrounding hypodense rim. In nine cases there was a rapid and complete neurologic improvement and in only one case did the patient show mild residual neurologic deficit. These ten cases emphasize the potential dangers of anticoagulation in patients who have not had a prior CT scan.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Visual field defects in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri).

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) produces loss of visual field and visual acuity. We conducted a retrospective study of 12 patients (all female, ranging in age from 6 to 44 years) using computerized visual field analysis. In seven of the 12 patients, the visual field loss appeared to be permanent, and follow-up was too short for the final outcome to be determined in two others. The visual field defects were those known to be associated with optic disk lesions. The most common were blind spot enlargement (all 12 cases), isopter constriction (nine cases), and loss on the nasal side of the visual field (seven cases), especially in the inferonasal quadrant. Four patients had diminished visual acuities. The reversibility of the visual field defects was correlated with the presence (nonreversible) or absence (reversible) of ophthalmoscopic signs of chronic papilledema. Because visual loss is reversible if treatment is begun before the onset of the optic disk changes associated with chronic papilledema, patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension should be monitored carefully with frequent perimetric and visual acuity testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Correlation of in vitro susceptibility test results with in vivo response: flucytosine therapy in a systemic candidiasis model.

The in vitro susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates to flucytosine was compared to therapeutic effect in experimental murine candidiasis (candidosis). Four groups of 10 isolates were chosen, based upon their broth dilution minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), from a group of 402 isolates from patients without prior flucytosine therapy. Group I MICs were less than 12.5 micrograms/ml after seven days, whereas group II, III, and IV MICs exceeded 12.5 micrograms/ml on days 7, 2, and 1, respectively. Pilot experiments selected challenge inocula of similar virulence. Mice were infected intravenously and given various flucytosine doses. Significant prolongation of survival correlated with MICs and with agar disk-diffusion zone diameters (P less than 0.05). In vivo response to therapy was more favorable for group I isolates compared with group IV isolates (P less than 0.01). The present study demonstrates in this animal model that in vitro susceptibility does correlate with in vivo response to therapy, although exceptions occur with individual isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Partial trisomy 14q24 leads to qter.

A newborn male with partial trisomy for the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 14 (14q24 leads to qter) is described. The anomaly arose as an adjacent 1 meiotic segregation product from a balanced translocation t(11;14) (q25;q24) in the mother (figure). To our knowledge only one previous case involving the same segment has been reported. The karyotype was confirmed as 46,XY,der(11),t(11;14)(q25;q24) mat.

Chromosomes, Human, 13-15↗
PubMed1983

The one-and-a-half syndrome--a unilateral disorder of the pontine tegmentum: a study of 20 cases and review of the literature.

The one-and-a-half syndrome is a clinical disorder of extraocular movements characterized by a conjugate horizontal gaze palsy in one direction plus an internuclear ophthalmoplegia in the other. The syndrome is usually due to a single unilateral lesion of the paramedian pontine reticular formation or the abducens nucleus on one side (causing the conjugate gaze palsy), with interruption of internuclear fibers of the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus after it has crossed the midline from its site of origin in the contralateral abducens nucleus (causing failure of adduction of the ipsilateral eye). Twenty cases are reported; 14 had multiple sclerosis.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1982

Susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine and prevalence of serotype in 402 Candida albicans isolates from the United States.

Candida albicans isolates from 402 patients with no prior history of treatment with 5-fluorocytosine were collected at five medical centers from different areas of the United States. Isolates could be separated into four groups based on their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to 5-fluorocytosine. Group I isolates (60%) had MICs less than or equal to 12.5 micrograms/ml after 7 days, whereas groups II (22%), III (14%), and IV (4%) demonstrated MICs greater than 12.5 micrograms/ml on days 7, 2, and 1, respectively. Serotypes A and B accounted for 50.7 and 49.3%, respectively, of the 398 isolates typed. Serotype B was less prevalent in group I (26%), but predominated in the more resistant groups, groups II (85%), III (86%), and IV (53%). The common practice of identifying as "resistant" those isolates with MICs greater than 12.5 micrograms/ml after 48 h of incubation would yield a resistance rate in the United States of 11.5 to 15.5% in four centers and 35% in the fifth. Although serotype B and small agar disk diffusion zone sizes correlated with poor 5-fluorocytosine susceptibility, their ability to predict tube dilution MICs was limited. The true predictive value of such tests awaits correlation with in vivo studies.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1982

Combination therapy of experimental candidiasis, cryptococcosis and aspergillosis in mice.

Combination pairs of the major systematic antimycotic drugs, amphotericin B (AmphB), 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and ketoconazole (Ktz) were administered to mice with experimental candidiasis, cryptococcosis and aspergillosis at a variety of combination ratios. The 3 mycoses were produced with 3 strains each of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively, which were preselected to represent 3 different degrees of 5-FC sensitivity ('normally sensitive', 'moderately resistant', and 'definitely resistant'). The life-prolonging effect of the combinations was compared with the effect of each partner administered alone at the same and at the double dosage. Using the U test of Mann and Whitney and setting limits which on the whole were more rigorous than those of the isobole methods commonly applied to the study of drug interactions, the effects of the concentrations were classified as 'synergistic', 'additive', 'indifferent' or 'antagonistic'. The combination AmphB plus 5-FC was definitely synergistic or definitely additive in all 3 candidiasis models, the most pronounced synergism occurring in the infection with the 'definitely 5-FC-resistant' C. albicans strain; in cryptococcosis produced by any of the 3 C. neoformans strains the effect was definitely additive, but only slightly additive or indifferent in the 3 aspergillosis models. The combination AmphB plus Ktz was slightly synergistic in candidiasis produced by one C. albicans strain, but definitely antagonistic in this mycosis produced by the remaining 2 strains of the same species; the combination was definitely additive or, even, slightly synergistic in the 3 cryptococcus models, but, again, antagonistic in aspergillosis produced by all 3 strains of A. fumigatus. 5-FC plus Ktz was additive or indifferent in the 3 candidiasis models, but throughout indifferent in cryptococcosis and aspergillosis.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1980

[Incidence of hepatitis virus infections and diseases in travelers returning from the tropics].

Travellers' hepatitis has been investigated by comparing clinical and serological data. The histories of 876 persons examined after their return from tropical countries were analysed for type, location, and length of stay abroad, prophylactic administration of gamma-globulin and past hepatitis. In addition to clinical investigations, 528 of the patients underwent radioimmunoassays for hepatitis markers. HBs antigen was detected in 1.1%, anti-HBs antibodies in 14.2%, and anti-HA antibodies in 37.3% of the patients. The prevalence of anti-HA antibodies increased with age, but the mean value for those over 20 years was only 8% above the mean for the corresponding age groups of Swiss residents. Significant differences in prevalence of anti-HA antibodies were only observed in persons who had stayed in the tropics for more than 5 years. The prevalence of hepatitis B markers was 2-3 times higher in persons returning from the tropics than in volunteer Swiss blood donors. Contrary to hepatitis A, the hepatitis B markers were related neither to age nor to the length of stay abroad. Patient's histories and serological tests revealed a high frequency of unapparent infections, i.e. 74% of hepatitis A and 88% of hepatitis B infections. Acute viral hepatitis was newly diagnosed in 17 out of the 2032 tropical patients who consulted us during 1979. The yearly incidence of hepatitis in this population was thus 8.5%, which is about 10 times higher than that estimated for the Swiss population as a whole. Only 5 of the 17 cases showed hepatitis of type A. One third of the cases were anicteric. The study clearly shows the importance of non-A hepatitis among travellers. In consequence, questions arise as to the prophylactic use of gamma-globulin and the epidemiology of traveller's hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Somatostatin and cimetidine in peptic-ulcer haemorrhage. A randomised controlled trial.

In a randomised controlled trial somatostatin was compared with cimetidine in the treatment of severe and persistent gastrointestinal bleeding due to peptic ulcer. The study was of a sequential design and lasted 2.5 years, when the designated level of significance had been reached. Of the 20 patients studied, 10 received somotostatin and 10 received cimetidine. In 7 of the 10 pairs of patients somatostatin was more effective than cimetidine; in 2 pairs somatostatin and cimetidine were both ineffective; and in 1 pair they were equally effective. Somatostatin may therefore be suitable for controlling peptic-ulcer bleeding in many patients who are unsuitable for surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Biological activity of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin, of three of its analogues and of caerulein in the dog.

Dose-response curves of the C-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8) of cholecystokinin, of 3 of its methoxinine analogues, and of caerulein for various variables of exocrine pancreatic secretion have been established in conscious dogs. The following relative potencies were calculated for the protein secretion activity of CCK-8 (100%), [Mox3]-CCK-8 (52%), [Mox6]-CCK-8 (27%), [Mox3,Mox6]-CCK-8 (19%) and caerulein (178%).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Heart attacks and geomagnetic activity.

Malin and Srivastava reported a remarkable correlation between daily variations in the geomagnetic field strength and daily admissions to the cardio-thoracic wards of hospitals in Hyderabad and Secunderabad, for cardiac emergencies, during 1967--72. We have now carried out a similar enquiry in the West Midlands region of the UK for the years 1969--70, but were unable to confirm the Indian results.

England↗