Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Walder

Publications and source records attributed to M Walder.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Fosfomycin versus ampicillin in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis.

In a controlled open study of 38 patients with acute pyelonephritis, treatment with fosfomycin 8 g b.i.d. was compared to treatment with ampicillin 2 g t.i.d., both for one week. The most common pathogen in both groups was Escherichia coli, susceptible to fosfomycin. However, 17% were resistant to ampicillin. The success rate was 44% in the fosfomycin treated group and 28% in the ampicillin group. The difference was not significant (p greater than 0.20). Peak concentrations of fosfomycin in serum were 395 mg/l and in tissue fluid 85 mg/l. Urine concentrations ranged from 6990 to 24,320 mg/l.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Outbreak of coxsackievirus A-14 meningitis among newborns in a maternity hospital ward.

During the late winter of 1983, 16 newborns with vague symptoms of failure to thrive, reluctance to feed and a slight rise in body temperature, were found to have meningitis caused by Coxsackievirus A-14. The cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis with polymorphonuclear cells in excess but was otherwise normal. The clinical course was uneventful in all infants, but two of them demonstrated clinical signs of incipient cerebral oedema during the acute phase of the illness. An electroencephalogram (EEG) during the initial course of the disease and at nine months of age was normal in all. During a follow-up period of 2 1/2 years they all developed normally and no sequelae were noted. The presentation also demonstrates the usefulness of Vero cells for the propagation of the responsible virus.

Coxsackievirus Infections↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous antibiotics in acutely ill elderly patients.

In a study of 20 acutely ill elderly patients treated with cefotaxime (1 g, 2 X daily) the pharmacokinetics in serum and tissue fluid were examined. Patients with impaired renal function showed increased values for the area under the curve and half-life in both serum and tissue fluid. Patients with pathological peripheral circulation manifested delayed peak concentrations in tissue fluid. Although the passage of cefotaxime into tissue fluid was slow in the elderly, its concentration was higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration for most bacterial species of clinical importance and lasted for 5.5-7h in tissue fluid and for more than 10h in serum. Thus, this study clearly illustrates that the twice-daily dosage regimen used was quite adequate in elderly patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Persistence of Serratia marcescens, Serratia liquefaciens and E. coli in solutions for contact lenses.

Twenty-four different brands of contact lens solutions were experimentally inoculated with strains of S. marcescens, S. liquefaciens and E. coli. Only flexol and hexidin could sufficiently suppress the growth of Serratia strains. If a soaking agent is to be effective in suppressing S. marcescens it must have a chlorhexidine concentration of at least 50 micrograms/ml and a thiomersal concentration of 10 micrograms/ml.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1984

Immunological aspects of humidifier fever.

An epidemiological investigation was made of eight employees working in a defined section of an office building who complained of febrile reactions accompanied by respiratory tract symptoms and fatigue. Culture of the water from the humidifier for their section yielded strains of Pseudomonas acidovorans and an unidentified Pseudomonas species. In vitro studies showed that these strains activated the alternative pathway of the complement system in Mg-EGTA supplemented serum, as evidenced by properdin depletion and conversion of C3-proactivator (Factor B) and C3. Whereas the employees with symptoms had significantly reduced properdin values during the symptomatic phase, a slight C3 conversion and antibodies to Pseudomonas spp., staff working in another part of the building with a different ventilation system did not. It was concluded that staff with humidifier fever symptoms had been exposed to Pseudomonas spp. through the faulty ventilation system, and their symptoms were most likely a result of complement activation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Activity of common antibiotics against Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus in 1983.

The activity of phenoxymethylpenicillin (PcV), ampicillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, co trimoxazole, doxycycline and erythromycin against clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus in 1983 was investigated with the MIC-method (plate-dilution technique). Forty-six percent of B. catarrhalis, 2% of H. influenzae and 78% of S. aureus were beta-lactamase producing and had high MIC-values for penicillin and ampicillin. Thus MIC for 90% of all strains of B. catarrhalis was 32 mg/l and 8 mg/l for penicillin and ampicillin while MIC for 90% of non beta-lactamase producing Branhamella strains was 2 mg/l and 0.25 mg/l respectively. This indicates a high susceptibility of penicillins to the action of Branhamella beta-lactamase. Almost all strains of B. catarrhalis, pneumococci, group A streptococci and S. aureus were inhibited at low concentrations of erythromycin. However, 4 mg/l was required to inhibit 90% of H. influenzae. Co-trimoxazole and doxycycline had good activity against all B. catarrhalis and H. influenzae strains while a few pneumococci, streptococci and staphylococci had intermediate sensitivity or were resistant. Essentially all strains were sensitive to cefuroxime and chloramphenicol.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

Sensitivity of 523 blood culture isolates to 33 antibiotics.

523 blood culture isolates collected during 18 months (July 1980-December 1981) were analysed by the agar dilution method for sensitivity to 33 antibiotics. Breakpoints corresponding to the SIR system were used but for N-formimidoyl-thienamycin (N-f-thienamycin), azthreonam and fosfomycin serial dilutions were made. Aminoglycosides (netilmicin, gentamicin, amikacin and tobramycin) inhibited from 90 to 86% of the strains. This was comparable to the percentage inhibited by some cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephamandole and moxalactam) ranging from 95 to 89%. A very high number of strains (99%) were inhibited by N-f-thienamycin. By combination of certain antibiotics more than 99% of the strains could be inhibited.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1983

Hygiene for the newborn--to bath or to wash?

Appropriate skin care of newborns is performed partly to prevent infection but also for aesthetic and cleansing purposes. Skin care should involve cleansing with a non-toxic, non-abrasive neutral material. This study compared the relative risks and benefits of washing versus bathing with regard to bacterial colonization rate, clinical infection rate, body temperature and crying. The results confirm our clinical impression that bathing and washing routines do not differ with regard to signs of infection or other clinical complications. However, the washing routine does increase the babies heat loss and make them less comfortable.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

Antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin in vitro.

Fosfomycin is a new bactericidal broad-spectrum antibiotic. In this study the minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) was determined for 745 recent clinical isolates. Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis, group A and B streptococci Streptococcus faecalis and pneumoniae as well as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens and Haemophilus influenzae were very sensitive to the new drug with essentially all strains inhibited at 64 mg/l or less. Klebsiella, Enterobacter, indole-positive proteus and Pseudomonas-aeruginosa were less sensitive with 96, 42, 66 and 58% inhibited at 64 mg/l of fosfomycin. Bacteroides fragilis was resistant.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of skin blisters and implanted cotton threads for the evaluation of antibiotic tissue concentrations.

The skin blister technique and a new technique using subcutaneously implanted cotton threads for the evaluation of antibiotic tissue concentrations were compared. Six volunteers received 2 g ampicillin and, after at least one week, 1 g of cloxacillin intravenously. Samples of serum, blister fluid and thread fluid were analysed by an agar well diffusion technique. The half-life of ampicillin and cloxacillin was prolonged in blister fluid compared to serum and thread fluid. Our conclusions are that the thread technique might reflect the kinetics of antibiotics in extracellular fluid where the penetration mostly depends on serum protein binding of the drug. The blister technique on the other hand might resemble the conditions in different subcutaneously implanted cages, fibrin clots and even abscesses where factors such as time and volume of the extracellular compartments also strongly influence the distribution of antibiotics.

Adult↗