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Biomedical subjects

M Wagner

Publications and source records attributed to M Wagner.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Preparation of white cell-depleted blood. Comparison of two bedside filter systems.

Numerous techniques have been established for preparing white cell-poor blood, such as centrifugation, sedimentation, freezing, and filtration. All of these methods have disadvantages that restrict their practical use: they are time-consuming, they require the facilities of a blood bank, and the white cell-poor units cannot be stored. Therefore tests have been performed on two filter systems that make possible the depletion of white cells directly at the bedside. Both filters have a high white cell-removal rate. The number of residual white cells in 1 unit of packed red cells was calculated as 1.08 +/- 0.53 x 10(7) in one system and 1.54 +/- 0.71 x 10(7) in the other. The filters do not affect the filtered red cells. Pressure filtration is performed without significant loss of efficiency. One of the systems can filter 2 units via one filter; however, handling the filters is tedious, and both filters are characterized by a low red cell recovery. Despite these disadvantages, the tested filter systems provide an effective device for preparing white cell-poor blood at the bedside. They are a suitable alternative to the conventional methods.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1990

Aggression and counteraggression during child psychiatric hospitalization.

The article reports on a 1-year descriptive study of aggressive incidents and staff counteraggressive strategies within a child psychiatry inpatient unit. Ninety-nine child/adolescent patients produced a total of 887 reportable aggressive incidents during the 12-month study period. Seclusion, activity restriction, physical restraint, and administration of p.r.n. medication were studied in relation to patient aggression. Results of the study confirm the hypotheses that (1) much patient aggression within defined clinical contexts conforms to patterns of prediction directly related to person and environmental variables, and (2) the primary value of counteraggression strategies such as seclusion and restraint resides in the acute management of aggressive children and not in long-term therapeutic functions. The article offers some recommendations for new research in this general area as well as suggestions for clinical applications of these methods.

Aggression↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of pathological dystrophin transcripts from the lymphocytes of a muscular dystrophy carrier.

Both normal and pathological transcripts of tissue-specific genes may be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification in tissues not normally considered to express the gene product. The exploitation of constitutive basal mRNA levels ("ectopic" transcription) would be a major boon to diagnostic medicine since it promises both to simplify the analysis of complex genes and to avoid the requirement for an expressing tissue that is sometimes obtainable only by biopsy. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this novel strategy by characterizing a mutation in the X-chromosomal Duchenne (or Becker) muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) gene encoding dystrophin. The massive size of this gene has in the past often hindered carrier detection due to the high frequency of recombination and the high proportion of new mutations. In this study a deletion was identified in both a BMD patient and a heterozygous carrier using only a minimal volume of peripheral blood. Following specifically primed reverse transcription of lymphocyte RNA, the relevant region of the pathological cDNA was PCR-amplified. Sequence analysis indicated an in-frame deletion of exons 45 to 47.

DNA↗
PubMed1990

On the action of hypochlorite on human serum albumin.

The luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of zymosan-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes is continuously diminished in the presence of increasing amounts of human serum albumin (from 1 to 30 mg/ml). HSA competes with luminol for hypochlorite as shown by adding sodium hypochlorite to luminol solutions containing HSA. Titration of HSA with NaOCl affects firstly the sulfhydryl and probably the thioether groups and then the amino groups. Coincubation of zymosan-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and HSA at a ratio corresponding to normal values of healthy men causes a continuous oxidation of sulphur containing functional groups in HSA.

Fluorescence↗
PubMed1990

Direct gene diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by allele-specific polymerase chain reactions.

Cloning of the cystic fibrosis gene and the identification of the predominant disease-causing mutation did not only help in the understanding of this frequent disease, but was immediately followed by applications in direct gene diagnosis. We describe a method for the detection of the so-called delta F508 deletion, which accounts for 70% of the mutations: a polymerase chain reaction with two different combinations of oligonucleotide primers, which discriminate between mutant and wild-type alleles. This allele-specific amplification provides a rapid, non-radioactive and very reliable method for direct genotyping. Establishment of the procedure and its application in diagnosis are described. We further report preliminary data on the frequency of this mutation in German patients and its association with restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotypes.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

[A new amino acid solution for parenteral nutrition of premature infants, newborn infants and infants].

A new amino acid solution (Aminopäd 5% and Aminopäd 10%) was used for intravenous feeding of 240 preterm and term newborn infants in 4 hospitals. Indications, dosages and infusion sites were up to the policies of the 4 hospitals. Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured in 491 samples which were obtained during steady 24 h infusions of the daily doses. Results were analyzed in four subgroups formed according to the postmenstrual ages of the patients at the time of blood withdrawal and showed good agreement with the reference values. Acute cholestasis was observed in 22 infants which could be explained by bacterial infection alone in 18 patients.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

[Direct genetic diagnosis in cystic fibrosis].

The recent cloning of the cystic fibrosis gene and the simultaneous identification of the predominant mutation enabled direct gene diagnosis in the majority of all CF families. We demonstrate the superiority of now available direct genotyping in five individual cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Joint-preserving osteotomy in segmental femur head necrosis].

Joint-preserving osteotomies for segmental necrosis of the femoral head are clinically important, as necrosis often occurs in relatively young people in whom one is hesitant to perform femoral head replacement. The principle in all joint-preserving osteotomies is to remove the necrotic area from the zone subject to load, thereby guarding against indentation of the joint surface. The most universal and most frequently indicated osteotomy is intertrochanteric valgus flexion osteotomy with ventral capsule resection. The result of the operation depends mainly on the extent of the necrosis. If the angle of the necrosis is under 200 degrees, the hip joint can be preserved with great precision and in a good enough state to allow joint replacement to be postponed for many years.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Periotest method for the quantitative assessment of occlusal loads].

Using a serial periotest unit we determined the periotest values for disclusion, slight centric occlusion, maximum intercuspation and axially in 102 subjects with a total of 1769 teeth in periodontally healthy dentitions. All teeth were grouped according to the criteria presence or lack of antagonist contact in maximum intercuspation, excentric abrasion facets and occlusal restorations, and statistically evaluated. The difference-normal range for physiologic occlusal loads can be assessed by comparative periotest measurements in disclusion and maximum intercuspation. Thus we have, for the first time, a quantitative, objectifiable parameter for the assessment of the "dimension of occlusion", which at the same time provides information on the functional load on the periodontia of antagonists. Premolar teeth with occlusal restorations tended to have significantly greater differences in the periotest values than teeth with natural occlusal surfaces. By comparing these values with the normal range of differences in the periotest value, a high degree of precision can be achieved in adjusting occlusal restorations. Axial measurements revealed a markedly higher shock absorbing capacity of the periodontia than horizontal measurements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A femur head preserving osteosynthesis procedure in para-articular femoral fracture of the hip in cardiopulmonary at-risk patients].

A series of 224 patients with fractures near the hip joint underwent internal fixation with conservation of the femoral head. Between January 1983 and December 1987 the operations with conservation of the femoral head were performed with Ender pins and Böhler nails. From January 1988 to December 1988 dynamic hip screws (DHS) were used exclusively for conservation of the femoral head. The patients were divided into three risk groups by preoperative cardiac and pulmonary risk score. In a retrospective study we compared different osteosyntheses for lethality, complications and duration of stay in hospital. The lethality with DHS was lower in risk groups II and III. The complication rate was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the group with DHS. The duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter (P less than 0.001) in the group in which DHS were used.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Methylglucamine orotate, a memory-improving drug, prolongs hippocampal long-term potentiation.

We showed earlier that the memory-improving substance, methylglucamine orotate, a precursor of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis, improved memory retention and enhanced the postconditioning potentiation of field potentials in a special learning task. Since long-term potentiation (LTP) is frequently regarded as a mechanism of memory formation, we decided to test whether it can be influenced in a similar manner. The present study shows that the same dose of methylglucamine orotate (225 micrograms i.c.v.) prolongs LTP but has only a slight effect on the field potential recorded in the dentate gyrus. In controls, LTP of the population spike returned to 154% of the control value 24 h after tetanization and to 126% after 48 h. However, in drug treated animals LTP of the population spike remained at 246 and 216% of the control, respectively. The results support the assumption that LTP is at least a component of memory formation.

Animals↗