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Biomedical subjects

M Wagenmann

Publications and source records attributed to M Wagenmann.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effect of terfenadine on nasal provocation.

The effect of premedication with terfenadine, an H1 antagonist, on nasal challenge with antigen, histamine and methacholine was evaluated. A single dose of terfenadine had no effect on the response to a localized challenge with methacholine but completely blocked the secretory response to histamine on both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. These results suggest that terfenadine has no anticholinergic activity and that the direct and reflex secretory response to challenge with histamine is mediated by the H1 receptor. A single dose of terfenadine significantly reduced sneezing and nasal secretion after challenge with antigen but had no effect on nasal congestion. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was undertaken to compare the effects of pretreatment with terfenadine for 1 week on the response to sequential nasal challenge with antigen and histamine. Terfenadine significantly reduced the number of sneezes and the levels of kinins, albumin and TAME esterase activity following challenge with antigen. The levels of histamine were also significantly reduced, suggesting inhibition of the degranulation of mast cells. The number of sneezes and the levels of albumin were also significantly reduced by terfenadine following challenge with histamine.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Anatomic and physiologic considerations in sinusitis.

The anatomy and physiology of the nose, the paranasal sinuses, and related structures are of major importance in understanding sinusitis. A brief description of the airflow, blood flow, nasal cycle, histology and the developmental anatomy are given. These elements combine to condition inhaled air by warming, humidifying, and filtering it. An important mechanism for understanding sinusitis is mucociliary clearance. The nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses are covered by a pseudostratified, columnar, ciliated epithelium with a thin mucous layer on top of it. In the sinuses the beat of the cilia is directed toward their natural ostia. The ostia of most of the paranasal sinuses lead into the region of the middle meatus and the anterior ethmoid, the osteomeatal complex. Obstruction in this area reduces clearance and plays a major role in the pathophysiology of sinusitis.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Complications of sinusitis.

Even though they seldomly occur, the complications of sinusitis may be life-threatening. Complications can be local, orbital, and intracranial problems or combinations thereof. Orbital complications are the most frequent, and children with acute ethmoiditis are especially prone to them. To prevent permanent loss of vision, immediate and intense therapy is most important. Intracranial complications can have few symptoms, and discordance between symptoms and severity is not uncommon, which involves the importance of early radiologic diagnosis with computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scans. Orbital and intracranial complications of sinusitis are medical emergencies and must be treated by specialists. Whenever possible, the underlying sinus infection should be drained at the same time. All physicians treating acute and chronic sinusitis must keep the potentially life-threatening complications of sinusitis in mind and remain suspicious because early recognition and treatment are crucial in these cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Contrasting DNA sequence organisation patterns in sauropsidian genomes.

The genomic DNA organisation patterns of four sauropsidian species, namely Python reticularis, Caiman crocodilus, Terrapene carolina triungius and Columba livia domestica were investigated by reassociation of short and long DNA fragments, by hyperchromicity measurements of reannealed fragments and by length estimations of S1-nuclease resistant repetitive duplexes. While the genomic DNA of the three reptilian species shows a short period interspersion pattern, the genome of the avian species is organised in a long period interspersion pattern apparently typical for birds. These findings are discussed in view of the close phylogenetic relationships of birds and reptiles, and also with regard to a possible relationship between the extent of sequence interspersion and genome size.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proinflammatory cytokines: measurement in nasal secretion and induction of adhesion receptor expression.

We recently demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 can be found in nasal secretions from allergic rhinitis patients under artificial and natural conditions. By ELISA measurements, significantly elevated baseline levels for IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were found in seasonal allergic compared to control subjects. Within the first 2 h after nasal allergen challenge, IL-1 beta and TNF are secreted, whereas IL-6 and IL-8 showed a slow increase over 6-8 h. All cytokine levels returned to baseline within 24 h after exposure. Repeated measurements at 4-week intervals in perennial allergic rhinitis subjects (n = 27) showed significant correlations between IL-1 and IL-8, IL-6 and IL-8 and IL-6 and the symptom score (visual analogue scale). The IL-1 receptor antagonist IL-1ra was found in great molar excess in the secretions and correlated significantly with IL-8, but not IL-1 beta. In an in vitro assay using fresh nasal mucosa of grass-pollen-allergic subjects, we were able to demonstrate a strong and rapid induction of E-selectin adhesion receptor expression on endothelial cells by allergen, IL-1 beta and TNF. The adhesion receptor expression was markedly inhibited by soluble IL-1 receptors, sTNF-R and IL-1ra. These data indicate a key role for inflammatory cytokines in the regulation of allergic inflammation.

Allergens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytokines and adhesion molecules in allergic rhinitis.

This review summarizes our current knowledge of nasal allergic inflammation based on studies of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in allergic rhinitis. The article also includes some aspects of viral rhinitis. Due to artificial or natural allergen exposure, an increase in the number of eosinophils and basophils, mast cells, IgE-positive cells, macrophages, monocyte-like cells, Langerhans cells, and activated T-cells can be observed within the mucosa and on the mucosal surface. Mediators are known to be released in response to allergens, but do not seem to be adequate to initiate the cell recruitment. After antigen challenge, the release of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines could be demonstrated, and TH2-type cytokine mRNA upregulation in allergic mucosa has been shown. Proinflammatory cytokines initiate an adhesion cascade and activate T-cells that create an "atopic" cytokine environment within the tissue, which also may be linked to the long-term selective recruitment of eosinophils. However, the acute selective migration of eosinophils after allergen challenge is not fully understood, nor is the role of chemokines in allergic and viral rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis clearly represents an inflammatory reaction.

Allergens↗